Gait Optimization For Multi Legged Walking Robots With Application To A Lunar Hexapod

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Gait Optimization For Multi Legged Walking Robots With Application To A Lunar Hexapod

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Author : Daniel Chávez-Clemente
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University
Release Date : 2011

Gait Optimization For Multi Legged Walking Robots With Application To A Lunar Hexapod written by Daniel Chávez-Clemente and has been published by Stanford University this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.

The interest in using legged robots for a variety of terrestrial and space applications has grown steadily since the 1960s. At the present time, a large fraction of these robots relies on electric motors at the joints to achieve mobility. The load distributions inherent to walking, coupled with design constraints, can cause the motors to operate near their maximum torque capabilities or even reach saturation. This is especially true in applications like space exploration, where critical mass and power constraints limit the size of the actuators. Consequently, these robots can benefit greatly from motion optimization algorithms that guarantee successful walking with maximum margin to saturation. Previous gait optimization techniques have emphasized minimization of power requirements, but have not addressed the problem of saturation directly. This dissertation describes gait optimization techniques specifically designed to enable operation as far as possible from saturation during walking. The benefits include increasing the payload mass, preserving actuation capabilities to react to unforeseen events, preventing damage to hardware due to excessive loading, and reducing the size of the motors. The techniques developed in this work follow the approach of optimizing a reference gait one move at a time. As a result, they are applicable to a large variety of purpose-specific gaits, as well as to the more general problem of single pose optimization for multi-limbed walking and climbing robots. The first part of this work explores a zero-interaction technique that was formulated to increase the margin to saturation through optimal displacements of the robot's body in 3D space. Zero-interaction occurs when the robot applies forces only to sustain its weight, without squeezing the ground. The optimization presented here produces a swaying motion of the body while preserving the original footfall locations. Optimal displacements are found by solving a nonlinear optimization problem using sequential quadratic programming (SQP). Improvements of over 20% in the margin to saturation throughout the gait were achieved with this approach in simulation and experiments. The zero-interaction technique is the safest in the absence of precise knowledge of the contact mechanical properties and friction coefficients. The second part of the dissertation presents a technique that uses the null space of contact forces to achieve greater saturation margins. Interaction forces can significantly contribute to saturation prevention by redirecting the net contact force relative to critical joints. A method to obtain the optimal distribution of forces for a given pose via linear programming (LP) is presented. This can be applied directly to the reference gait, or combined with swaying motion. Improvements of up to 60% were observed in simulation by combining the null space with sway. The zero-interaction technique was implemented and validated on the All Terrain Hex-Limbed Extra-Terrestrial Explorer (ATHLETE), a hexapod robot developed by NASA for the transport of heavy cargo on the surface of the moon. Experiments with ATHLETE were conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, confirming the benefits predicted in simulation. The results of these experiments are also presented and discussed in this dissertation.

Gait Optimization For Multi Legged Walking Robots With Application To A Lunar Hexapod

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Author : Daniel Chavez Clemente
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011

Gait Optimization For Multi Legged Walking Robots With Application To A Lunar Hexapod written by Daniel Chavez Clemente and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.

The interest in using legged robots for a variety of terrestrial and space applications has grown steadily since the 1960s. At the present time, a large fraction of these robots relies on electric motors at the joints to achieve mobility. The load distributions inherent to walking, coupled with design constraints, can cause the motors to operate near their maximum torque capabilities or even reach saturation. This is especially true in applications like space exploration, where critical mass and power constraints limit the size of the actuators. Consequently, these robots can benefit greatly from motion optimization algorithms that guarantee successful walking with maximum margin to saturation. Previous gait optimization techniques have emphasized minimization of power requirements, but have not addressed the problem of saturation directly. This dissertation describes gait optimization techniques specifically designed to enable operation as far as possible from saturation during walking. The benefits include increasing the payload mass, preserving actuation capabilities to react to unforeseen events, preventing damage to hardware due to excessive loading, and reducing the size of the motors. The techniques developed in this work follow the approach of optimizing a reference gait one move at a time. As a result, they are applicable to a large variety of purpose-specific gaits, as well as to the more general problem of single pose optimization for multi-limbed walking and climbing robots. The first part of this work explores a zero-interaction technique that was formulated to increase the margin to saturation through optimal displacements of the robot's body in 3D space. Zero-interaction occurs when the robot applies forces only to sustain its weight, without squeezing the ground. The optimization presented here produces a swaying motion of the body while preserving the original footfall locations. Optimal displacements are found by solving a nonlinear optimization problem using sequential quadratic programming (SQP). Improvements of over 20% in the margin to saturation throughout the gait were achieved with this approach in simulation and experiments. The zero-interaction technique is the safest in the absence of precise knowledge of the contact mechanical properties and friction coefficients. The second part of the dissertation presents a technique that uses the null space of contact forces to achieve greater saturation margins. Interaction forces can significantly contribute to saturation prevention by redirecting the net contact force relative to critical joints. A method to obtain the optimal distribution of forces for a given pose via linear programming (LP) is presented. This can be applied directly to the reference gait, or combined with swaying motion. Improvements of up to 60% were observed in simulation by combining the null space with sway. The zero-interaction technique was implemented and validated on the All Terrain Hex-Limbed Extra-Terrestrial Explorer (ATHLETE), a hexapod robot developed by NASA for the transport of heavy cargo on the surface of the moon. Experiments with ATHLETE were conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, confirming the benefits predicted in simulation. The results of these experiments are also presented and discussed in this dissertation.

Hybrid Metaheuristics

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Author : Maria J. Blesa
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-06-01

Hybrid Metaheuristics written by Maria J. Blesa and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-01 with Computers categories.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Hybrid Metaheuristics, HM 2016, held in Plymouth, UK, in June 2016. The 15 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 43 submissions. The selected papers are of interest for all the researchers working on integrating metaheuristics with other areas for solving both optimization and constraint satisfaction problems. They represent as well a sample of current research demonstrating how metaheuristics can be integrated with integer linear programming and other operational research techniques for tackling difficult and relevant problems.

Handbook Of Research On Advancements In Robotics And Mechatronics

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Author : Habib, Maki K.
language : en
Publisher: IGI Global
Release Date : 2014-12-31

Handbook Of Research On Advancements In Robotics And Mechatronics written by Habib, Maki K. and has been published by IGI Global this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-12-31 with Technology & Engineering categories.

The field of mechatronics integrates modern engineering science and technologies with new ways of thinking, enhancing the design of products and manufacturing processes. This synergy enables the creation and evolution of new intelligent human-oriented machines. The Handbook of Research on Advancements in Robotics and Mechatronics presents new findings, practices, technological innovations, and theoretical perspectives on the the latest advancements in the field of mechanical engineering. This book is of great use to engineers and scientists, students, researchers, and practitioners looking to develop autonomous and smart products and systems for meeting today’s challenges.

Motion And Operation Planning Of Robotic Systems

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Author : Giuseppe Carbone
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-03-12

Motion And Operation Planning Of Robotic Systems written by Giuseppe Carbone and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-03-12 with Technology & Engineering categories.

This book addresses the broad multi-disciplinary topic of robotics, and presents the basic techniques for motion and operation planning in robotics systems. Gathering contributions from experts in diverse and wide ranging fields, it offers an overview of the most recent and cutting-edge practical applications of these methodologies. It covers both theoretical and practical approaches, and elucidates the transition from theory to implementation. An extensive analysis is provided, including humanoids, manipulators, aerial robots and ground mobile robots. ‘Motion and Operation Planning of Robotic Systems’ addresses the following topics: *The theoretical background of robotics. *Application of motion planning techniques to manipulators, such as serial and parallel manipulators. *Mobile robots planning, including robotic applications related to aerial robots, large scale robots and traditional wheeled robots. *Motion planning for humanoid robots. An invaluable reference text for graduate students and researchers in robotics, this book is also intended for researchers studying robotics control design, user interfaces, modelling, simulation, sensors, humanoid robotics.

Biomechanics And Robotics

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Author : Marko B. Popovic
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2013-12-21

Biomechanics And Robotics written by Marko B. Popovic and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-21 with Medical categories.

The science and technology of biomechanics and robotics promise to be some of the most influential research directions of the twenty-first century. Biomechanics and Robotics goes beyond the individual areas of biomechanics, robotics, biomedical engineering, biomechatronics, and biologically inspired robotics to provide the first unified textbook on

Multi Body Dynamic Modeling Of Multi Legged Robots

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Author : Abhijit Mahapatra
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-02-27

Multi Body Dynamic Modeling Of Multi Legged Robots written by Abhijit Mahapatra and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-27 with Computers categories.

This book describes the development of an integrated approach for generating the path and gait of realistic hexapod robotic systems. It discusses in detail locomation with straight-ahead, crab and turning motion capabilities in varying terrains, like sloping surfaces, staircases, and various user-defined rough terrains. It also presents computer simulations and validation using Virtual Prototyping (VP) tools and real-world experiments. The book also explores improving solutions by applying the developed nonlinear, constrained inverse dynamics model of the system formulated as a coupled dynamical problem based on the Newton–Euler (NE) approach and taking into account realistic environmental conditions. The approach is developed on the basis of rigid multi-body modelling and the concept that there is no change in the configuration of the system in the short time span of collisions.

Mobile Robots

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Author : Zoran Gacovski
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2011-10-26

Mobile Robots written by Zoran Gacovski and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-10-26 with Technology & Engineering categories.

This book consists of 18 chapters divided in four sections: Robots for Educational Purposes, Health-Care and Medical Robots, Hardware - State of the Art, and Localization and Navigation. In the first section, there are four chapters covering autonomous mobile robot Emmy III, KCLBOT - mobile nonholonomic robot, and general overview of educational mobile robots. In the second section, the following themes are covered: walking support robots, control system for wheelchairs, leg-wheel mechanism as a mobile platform, micro mobile robot for abdominal use, and the influence of the robot size in the psychological treatment. In the third section, there are chapters about I2C bus system, vertical displacement service robots, quadruped robots - kinematics and dynamics model and Epi.q (hybrid) robots. Finally, in the last section, the following topics are covered: skid-steered vehicles, robotic exploration (new place recognition), omnidirectional mobile robots, ball-wheel mobile robots, and planetary wheeled mobile robots.

Comprehensive Dissertation Index

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989

Comprehensive Dissertation Index written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Dissertations, Academic categories.

An Optimization Strategy For Hexapod Gait Transition

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Author : Naga Harika Darbha
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017

An Optimization Strategy For Hexapod Gait Transition written by Naga Harika Darbha and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Electrical engineering categories.

Legged robots often need to move through different terrains as they function. This requires a change of gaits by the robot in order to move with better efficiency. There has been a lot of research done to find out which gait works better for a given terrain so that the robot can change its gait accordingly. A reliable analysis of when exactly should the transition take place in a walking robot is important, so that there can be an assurance of stability in the locomotion of the robot during the transition between different gaits. This work presents analysis performed on a hexapod robot that can walk in three different gaits: Tripod gait, Ripple gait, and Wave gait, all on a flat terrain. The goal is to optimize the transition of the robot between these gaits by analyzing its stability during motion as the transition is initiated at different times during the stride, called the phase here. A reliable phase at which each transition can be implemented is analyzed with the help of a calculated cost of transition, which is based on the roll and pitch of the robot, and the general body stability margin, which relies upon computation of the support polygon. The roll and pitch of the robot are obtained from simulation of the walking robot as it transitions between gaits, while the stability margin during walking is computed in MATLAB. These values are then combined to determine the cost of transition as the function of the phase at transition. Ultimately, this can be used in real-time walking to determine when transitions should be initiated.