Gender Bias In China The Republic Of Korea And India 1920 90
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Gender Bias In China The Republic Of Korea And India 1920 90
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Author : Monica Das Gupta
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Gender Bias In China The Republic Of Korea And India 1920 90 written by Monica Das Gupta and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Center For Population categories.
Abstract: June 1999 - The proportions of girls 'missing' rose sharply in these countries during times of war, famine, and fertility decline. Resulting shortages of wives improved the treatment of adult women without reducing discrimination against daughters or increasing women's autonomy. The latter goals can be reached only with fundamental changes in women's family position-changes that are taking place only slowly. Kinship systems in China, the Republic of Korea, and North India have similar features that generate discrimination against girls, and these countries have some of the highest proportions of girls 'missing' in the world. Das Gupta and Li document how the excess mortality of girls was increased by war, famine, and fertility decline-all of which constrained household resources-between 1920 and 1990. Of the three countries, China experienced the most crises during this period (with civil war, invasion, and famine). The resulting excess mortality of girls in China offset the demographic forces making for a surplus of wives as overall mortality rates declined. India had the quietest history during this period, and consequently followed the expected pattern of a growing surplus of available wives. These changes in sex ratios had substantial social ramifications. The authors hypothesize that these demographic factors: Encouraged the continuation of brideprice in China, while in India there was a shift to dowry; Influenced the extent and manifestations of violence against women. An oversupply of women is the worst scenario for women, as there are fewer constraints to domestic violence. A shortage of women leads to better treatment of wives, as people become more careful not to lose a wife. However in situations of shortage, a small proportion of women may be subject to new types of violence such as being kidnapped for marriage. Ironically, then, higher levels of discrimination against girls can help reduce violence against women. When women are in short supply, their treatment improves. But their autonomy can increase only with fundamental changes in their family position, changes that are taking place only slowly. This paper-a product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to study social institutions and development outcomes. Monica Das Gupta may be contacted at mdasgupta@worldbank.org.
Gender Bias In China South Korea And India 1920 90
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Author : Monica Das Gupta
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1999
Gender Bias In China South Korea And India 1920 90 written by Monica Das Gupta and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Discrimacion basada en el sexo - Corea categories.
Inter Industry Labor Mobility In Taiwan China
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Author : Howard Pack
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2001
Inter Industry Labor Mobility In Taiwan China written by Howard Pack and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with categories.
The proximity of industries is strongly related to inter-industry labor mobility, and there is some evidence that workers who move to closely similar industries receive higher wages. Knowledge is transmitted more easily when industries operate, and workers work, in close physical proximity.
Fathers Across Cultures
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Author : Jaipaul L. Roopnarine
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Release Date : 2015-08-26
Fathers Across Cultures written by Jaipaul L. Roopnarine and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-08-26 with Social Science categories.
This volume offers a comprehensive, up-to-date synopsis of fathering and father-child relationships in diverse regions of the world, helping students and practitioners alike understand cultural variations in male parenting. Interest in the role of the father and his influence on children's development and economic well-being has grown considerably. This edited volume uses detailed accounts to provide culturally situated analysis of fathering in cultures around the world. The book's contributors, a multidisciplinary group of scholars, bring together the most recent theoretical thinking and research findings on fatherhood and fathering in cultural communities across developed, recently developed, and developing societies. They address such issues as fathering and gender equality in caregiving, concepts of masculinity in contemporary societies, fathering in various ethnic groups, immigrant fathers, fathering and childhood outcomes, and social policies as they affect and are affected by issues related to fathering. Organized geographically, the book scrutinizes major sociocultural, demographic, economic, and other factors that influence men's relationships within families. It shows how economic conditions impact men's involvement with children and considers the effects of ideological belief systems and views of spousal/partner roles and responsibilities. The analysis is underpinned by recent data that underscores the significance of fathers' involvement with and investment in the well-being of their children.
Norms And Gender Discrimination In The Arab World
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Author : Adel SZ Abadeer
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-09-30
Norms And Gender Discrimination In The Arab World written by Adel SZ Abadeer and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-30 with Business & Economics categories.
Abadeer incorporates informal norms such as religion, mores, myths, taboos, codes-of-conduct, customary laws, and traditions, into the structure of formal rules (e.g., polity, judiciary, laws, and the enforcement of law), which in turn influence the governance of the transactions.
Opportunities And Obligations
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Author : Terance P. Stewart
language : en
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Release Date : 2009-09-01
Opportunities And Obligations written by Terance P. Stewart and has been published by Kluwer Law International B.V. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-09-01 with Law categories.
Opportunities and Obligations: New Perspectives on Global and U.S. Trade Policy, is an extraordinary collection of essays by leading trade officials, academic experts, and major stakeholders. The essays are divided into three topics: The global trading system and its future direction The range of views presented provides diverse perspectives on the future direction of the trading system, the challenges of the Doha Round, the aspirations of developing countries within the system, the future direction of rules, rights and obligations, the challenges faced by countries trying to join the WTO. Perspectives on the direction of US trade policy Leaders from the past Administration, both sides of the aisle in the U.S. House of Representatives, labor, business, a leading NGO as well as leading journalists and writers offer views about where U.S. trade policy should go to secure America’s economic future. The global food crisis and how the trading system can help be part of the solution The run up of food prices internationally in 2007-08 and the efforts by many countries to restrict exports in the name of providing for citizens at home created some severe challenges for the global institutions and raised, within trade circles, the question of how trade could make a contribution to the alleviation of hunger and not exacerbate the problems of hunger. Papers in part three of the book look at the issue from the perspective of the WTO, the European Commission, and the United Nation’s World Food Program.
Who Wants To Redistribute
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Author : Martin Ravallion
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1999
Who Wants To Redistribute written by Martin Ravallion and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Distribucion del ingreso - Rusia categories.
Attitudes toward redistribution of wealth in Russia tend to reflect expectations of future mobility, in both directions. Few Russians expected rising living standards in the 1990s, and most expected a decline in living standards, so there was strong demand for redistribution, even among those currently well off but fearful of the future.
Bank Based And Market Based Financial Systems
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Author : Asl? Demirgüç-Kunt
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1999
Bank Based And Market Based Financial Systems written by Asl? Demirgüç-Kunt and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Bancos categories.
The Mystery Of The Vanishing Benefits
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Author : Martin Ravallion
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1999
The Mystery Of The Vanishing Benefits written by Martin Ravallion and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Ayuda economica categories.
This entertaining introduction to the concepts and methods of impact evaluation, as seen through the eyes of Ms. Speedy Analyst, assumes readers are familiar with basic statistics up to regression analysis (as covered in an introductory text on econometrics).
Social Capital Household Welfare And Poverty In Indonesia
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Author : Christiaan Grootaert
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1999
Social Capital Household Welfare And Poverty In Indonesia written by Christiaan Grootaert and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Associations, institutions, etc categories.
It pays for poor households to participate actively in local associations. At low incomes, the returns to social capital are higher than returns to human capital. At higher incomes, the reverse is true.