Genetic Variation Among Influenza Viruses

DOWNLOAD
FREE 30 Days

Download Genetic Variation Among Influenza Viruses PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Genetic Variation Among Influenza Viruses book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page

Genetic Variation Among Influenza Viruses

DOWNLOAD
FREE 30 Days

Author : Debi P. Nayak
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2013-09-24

Genetic Variation Among Influenza Viruses written by Debi P. Nayak and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-24 with Medical categories.

Genetic Variation Among Influenza Viruses documents the proceedings of ICN-UCLA symposium held in Salt Lake City, Utah, 8-13 March 1981. The symposium brought together people from different disciplines working with the common objective of reducing the ravages of influenza and to expose them to the totality of the problem of influenza. The papers presented at the meeting included nearly all major aspects of influenza in which important advances are being made. Because of recombinant DNA technology and rapid DNA sequencing, a number of genes of influenza virus from a number of strains have been either completely or partially sequenced. Among these, the gene coding for hemagglutinin (HA) has been most intensively studied and the HA of one or more strains from each subtype (H1, H2, H3) has been completely sequenced. Other topics discussed include the question of drift and shift at the genomic level; the role of the capped host mRNA is the process of initiation of transcription; and the regulation of viral transcription. This volume also includes papers presented by the speakers of the plenary sessions and that of keynote speaker, Sir Charles Stuart-Harris as well as the selected papers presented in the poster sessions.

Genetics Of Influenza Viruses

DOWNLOAD
FREE 30 Days

Author : P. Palese
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Genetics Of Influenza Viruses written by P. Palese and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.

With the advent of genetic engineering methods and improved biochemical tech niques, much has been learned about the replication of influenza viruses, their structure and their epidemiology. It appears that the time is ripe to review these efforts and to provide a molecular perspective of influenza virology. It is hoped that this book will stimulate our thinking, help us in designing new experiments, and possibly show avenues leading to the control of the diseases associated with influenza viruses. Peter Palese, New York, N. Y. August 1983 David W. Kingsbury, Memphis, Tenn. Contents List of Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XV 1. The Evolution of Influenza Viral Genetics - A Perspective. By E. D. Kilbourne. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 I. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 II. The Development of Modern Influenza Viral Genetics 2 A. Early Evidence of Genetic Variation in the Laboratory 2 B. Application of Formal Genetic Techniques to Studies of Influenza Virus . . . . . . . 3 C. Genetic Markers. . . . . . . . . 3 D. Development of Plaquing Systems. . . 4 E. The Use of Conditional Lethal Mutants 5 F. New Approaches in Influenza Virus Genetics. 6 1. The Biochemical Identification of Viral Gene Products in the Unambiguous Definition of Viral Inheritance . . . 6 2. Mapping of the Influenza Virus Genome by Correlative Physico-Chemical and Biological Techniques. . . . . . 7 3. The Application of Molecular Biological Techniques to the Study of Viral Genetic Variation. . . . . . . . . 8 4. Oligonucleotide Mapping of Viral RNA's . . . . . . . 8 5. Contribution of Protein and RNA Sequencing to Influenza Viral Genetics-Intragenic Mapping . . . . . . . 8 III. Viral Genetics and the Understanding of Viral Virulence and Pathogenicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The Influenza Viruses

DOWNLOAD
FREE 30 Days

Author : Robert M Krug
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989-09-01

The Influenza Viruses written by Robert M Krug and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989-09-01 with categories.

Structure And Variation In Influenza Virus

DOWNLOAD
FREE 30 Days

Author : William Graeme Laver
language : en
Publisher: North-Holland
Release Date : 1980

Structure And Variation In Influenza Virus written by William Graeme Laver and has been published by North-Holland this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with Hemagglutinin categories.

Within Host Evolution Of Emerging And Re Emerging Influenza A Viruses

DOWNLOAD
FREE 30 Days

Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015

Within Host Evolution Of Emerging And Re Emerging Influenza A Viruses written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.

Occasionally, influenza viruses emerge unpredictably from their natural avian reservoirs, or through an intermediate species, in human populations. Once in a human, avian influenza viruses can rapidly adapt to their new environments, which can result in efficient replication in and transmission between susceptible hosts. Sustained human-to-human transmission of "mammalian" adapted influenza viruses can result in global pandemic outbreaks. As humans build up immunity against pandemic viruses, the virus can antigenically evolve allowing for seasonal "re-emergence." Consequently, seasonal vaccines must be reformulated annually and no current vaccine generates broad enough immunity to protect against all potentially emerging pandemic viruses. Due to error-prone genome replication, influenza viruses exist within infected hosts as a diverse collection of viral variants often referred to as a "quasispecies." Within-host genetic variability allows influenza viruses to rapidly adapt to changing selective pressures. As part of strong interdisciplinary collaborations, our goal was to elucidate the virological and evolutionary mechanisms of influenza emergence and re-emergence in humans. Throughout these collaborative studies, my role was to develop novel experimental and computational approaches to accurately assess influenza within-host genetic variability directly from infected hosts. This contribution resulted in the development of an amplicon-based shotgun deep sequencing approach capable of detecting influenza genetic variation below the detection limit of traditional surveillance approaches. Using the combined power of deep sequencing, bioinformatics and virological characterization, we revealed previously unappreciated features of influenza biology regarding the role of low-frequency influenza variants during host adaptation and transmission in mammals.

Genetic Diversity Of Rna Viruses

DOWNLOAD
FREE 30 Days

Author : John J. Holland
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Genetic Diversity Of Rna Viruses written by John J. Holland and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.

Many RNA viruses have been known for decades to be genetically and biologically quite variable. Some well-known examples are influenza viruses, foot and mouth disease viruses, and Newcastle disease virus. During the past decade, it has become clear that most, it not all. , RNA viruses (riboviruses and retroviruses) are much more mutable than was recognized previously, and that this great mutability generates extremely complex populations consisting of indeterminate mixtures of related variants (Le. , "mutant swarms" or "quasispecies" populations). This is also true of DNA viruses (such as hepatitis DNA genomes via RNA transcripts B virus) which replicate their that are reverse-transcribed back to DNA. This hypermutability of RNA replicons provides great biological adaptability for RNA virus genomes. It also allows (but does not necessitate) RNA viruses, so that they can extremely rapid evolution of evolve over a million times more quickly than their eukaryotic DNA-based hosts. The genetics of RNA replicons is so unusual (and often counterintuitive) that it has many important biological conse quences which are neither readily apparent nor widely under stood. Failure to understand the distinctive aspects of RNA genetics frequently generates confusion and controversy and can adversely impact vaccine and antiviral drug programs and other applications of medical virology. The 14 chapters in this volume describe advances in a number of significant areas of RNA virus genetics and evolution.

Influenza

DOWNLOAD
FREE 30 Days

Author : E.D. Kilbourne
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Influenza written by E.D. Kilbourne and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.

My lifetime encompasses the postwar subsidence in the early 1920s of the greatest influenza pandemic in history, direct encounters with FM1 virus at Fort Mon mouth in 1947, the care of influenza patients in the 1950s, the pursuit of the in fluenza virus through the modern pandemics of 1957 and 1968, and a present in which the genes of the virus have dissembled in the DNA of vaccinia virus and Escherichia coli through the wand of "high tech. " If my corpus could be fossilized for archival and archaeological purposes, it would be found to contain immune cells branded with the imprint of the "swine" influenza virus of post-1918 and brain cells no less imprinted with memories of the abortive return of its descendant during America's bicentennial. But before that unlikely event, I wanted to try to make some sense out of this baffling dis ease and its viruses-expecting no definitive revelations but hoping for a sharper definition of problems. Hence this book. It is an audacious act in these days of specialization to essay a book such as this singlehandedly, but I have done so for selfish reasons. I wanted to reexam ine old questions about the nature of influenza and its epidemics in the light of the dazzling advances in molecular biology of the past few years. No virus has been better studied, but few diseases are less well understood.

Viruses

DOWNLOAD
FREE 30 Days

Author : Michael G. Cordingley
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2017-06-19

Viruses written by Michael G. Cordingley and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-06-19 with Medical categories.

While viruses—the world’s most abundant biological entities—are not technically alive, they invade, replicate, and evolve within living cells. Michael Cordingley goes beyond our familiarity with infections to show how viruses spur evolutionary change in their hosts and shape global ecosystems, from ocean photosynthesis to drug-resistant bacteria.

Structure And Variation In Influenza Virus

DOWNLOAD
FREE 30 Days

Author : Gillian Air
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979

Structure And Variation In Influenza Virus written by Gillian Air and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with categories.

Virus Variability Epidemiology And Control

DOWNLOAD
FREE 30 Days

Author : Edouard Kurstak
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-11

Virus Variability Epidemiology And Control written by Edouard Kurstak and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-11 with Medical categories.

Virus Variability and Impact on Epidemiology and Control of Diseases E. Kurstak and A. Hossain I. INTRODUCTION An important number of virus infections and their epidemic developments demonstrate that ineffec tiveness of prevention measures is often due to the mutation rate and variability of viruses (Kurstak et al., 1984, 1987). The new human immunodeficiency retroviruses and old influenza viruses are only one among several examples of virus variation that prevent, or make very difficult. the production of reliable vaccines. It could be stated that the most important factor limiting the effectiveness of vaccines against virus infections is apparently virus variation. Not much is, how ever, known about the factors influencing and responsible for the dramatically diverse patterns of virus variability. II. MUTATION RATE AND VARIABILITY OF HUMAN AND ANIMAL VIRUSES Mutation is undoubtedly the primary source of variation, and several reports in the literature suggest that extreme variability of some viruses may be a consequence of an unusually high mutation rate (Holland et al., 1982; Domingo et al., 1985; Smith and Inglis, 1987). The mutation rate of a virus is defined as the probability that during a single replication of the virus genome a particular nucleotide position is altered through substitution, deletion, insertion. or recombination. Different techniques have been utilized to measure virus mutation rates, and these have been noted in the extent of application to different viruses.