Glucose Metabolism In The Brain
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Glucose Metabolism In The Brain
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2002-11-04
Glucose Metabolism In The Brain written by and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-11-04 with Medical categories.
Regulation of glucose at the biochemical level affects every area of the brain, and has impact from cellular to behavioral brain function. It plays an important role in diseases such as diabetes, stroke, schizophrenia and drug abuse as well as in normal and dysfunctional memory and cognition. This volume represents a thorough examination of all the major issues that are relevant to glucose metabolism by brain cells in relation to disease, combining basic research and clinical findings in a single, indispensable reference. Serves as an essential reference on glucose metabolism in the brain Presents authoritative accounts by leading researchers in the field Includes thorough reviews with provocative sections on future directions
Glucose Metabolism In The Brain
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Author : Donard S.. Dwyer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Glucose Metabolism In The Brain written by Donard S.. Dwyer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with categories.
Carbohydrates And Energy Metabolism
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Author : Alan A. Boulton
language : en
Publisher: Humana
Release Date : 2013-08-14
Carbohydrates And Energy Metabolism written by Alan A. Boulton and has been published by Humana this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-14 with Medical categories.
The mammalian central nervous system depends almost - clusively on glucose as its major energy source. In addition, g- cose participates in other cerebral metabolic functions including the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine and the amino acids. This volume of Neuromethods assembles currently available methods for the study of cerebral glucose and energy metabolism in vitro and in mm. In the first chapter, Lust et al. describe the various methods available for the appropriate fixation of brain tissue necessary for the study of cerebral energy metabolism. Different fixation methods are compared, and some concerns raised by the USDHHS in their guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals are addressed. Specific fixation methods pertinent to the various measurements are also covered in other chapters. In vitro p- parations have, despite certain limitations, been found to be useful in the study of brain metabolism, since the biochemical envir- ment is amenable to rapid, controlled manipulation. The chapter by Lai and Clark describes methods for the isolation and characterization of metabolically active preparations of synaptic and non-synaptic mitochondria from brain, and studies of - zymes involved in glucose metabolism and glucose-derived neurotransmitter synthesis in these preparations are summarized. The chapter by Whittingham discusses methods of preparations of hippocampal slices for use in the study of energy metabolism. Measurement of glucose and of glycolytic and dicarboxylic acid cycle intermediates in neural tissues are described in the chapter by Bachelard.
How Gut And Brain Control Metabolism
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Author : P.J.D. Delhanty
language : en
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
Release Date : 2014-04-10
How Gut And Brain Control Metabolism written by P.J.D. Delhanty and has been published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-04-10 with Medical categories.
Obesity is an epidemic problem not limited to Western society, but also in emerging industrial nations with large populations, especially in Asia. The connection between the gut and the brain is probably one of the most promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome. This book brings together reviews on the current understanding of how the gut and brain communicate in the regulation of metabolism. Individual chapters explore novel aspects of this interaction. A comprehensive update on the roles of smell and taste, the gut microbiome, and novel gut-derived neuropeptides in regulating metabolism via the brain is offered. Furthermore, the regulation of insulin sensitivity in the brain is discussed in detail. Providing an overview of the most recent findings, 'How Gut and Brain Control Metabolism' could spark in the reader new ideas or approaches, thus leading to much-needed new medical treatments. Physicians with an involvement in the treatment of metabolic disease and scientists performing research in the fields of nutrition and obesity will find this book a valuable addition to their bookshelves.
The Cns Control Of Glucose Metabolism
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Author : E.H. Grote
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
The Cns Control Of Glucose Metabolism written by E.H. Grote and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
In the clinic at Giessen during the last few years there has been an extensive programme of research into the various aspects of lesions of the diencephalon and brain stem and the associated autonomic and metabolic disturbances. As a continuation of this research programme Ernst Grote has investigated the central neuronal and hormonal factors acting on the peripheral regulation of glucose metabolism and their diverse inter-relationships. This research was made possible not only by the availability of well-documented clinical and experi mental material with primary and secondary lesions of the hypo thalamus and brain stem, but also by the advances in clinical endo crinology and the development of radio-immuno-assays. By continuous systematic investigation of the basic values and their reaction to stress-tests, as well as to trauma and operation, he has elucidated the basic facts of the central and peripheral mechanisms which are concerned in the regulation of glucose, and also their disturbances. Of particular significance are his descriptions and interpretations of the characteristic hypothalamic syndromes, as combinations of hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia and hyperglucagonaemia; dif ferent syndromes are produced by lesions at various levels of the brain stem and in central brain death. From this starting point it was possible to develop a rational treatment of this hormonal dys regulation by means of somatostatin.
Brain Glycogen Metabolism
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Author : Mauro DiNuzzo
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2019-10-31
Brain Glycogen Metabolism written by Mauro DiNuzzo and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-31 with Medical categories.
This book aims to provide a state-of-the-art summary of what is currently known about brain glycogen metabolism, detailing the recent advances in our understanding of why glycogen is so critical for normal brain function. The role of glycogen in cellular neurophysiology remains largely unclear and its specific contribution to the energy demand of brain cells is still elusive.Glycogen is the sole cerebral glucose reserve and is emerging as a fundamental component of brain energy metabolism. Pharmacological or genetic manipulation of glycogen metabolism in the brain impairs memory formation and increases susceptibility to epileptic seizures and cortical spreading depression. Glycogen is also directly implicated in abnormal neuronal excitability and mental retardation that characterize brain disorders like Lafora disease and Pompe disease.
Glucose Metabolism Diet Composition And The Brain
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Author : Charlene Diepenbroek
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Glucose Metabolism Diet Composition And The Brain written by Charlene Diepenbroek and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Excessive intake of saturated fat and sugar contributes to both obesity and diabetes development. Since intake of fat and sugar-sweetened beverages exceeds recommended levels worldwide, it is essential to: 1) Understand how fat and sugar intake affect glucose metabolism, and 2) Expand the knowledge on peripheral glucose control, especially regarding its central regulation. In part 1, we used a unique animal model based on free choice & access to saturated fat and/or sugar water, previously shown to induce clear hyperphagic snacking behaviour, obesity and glucose intolerance. We showed that short-term hypercaloric fat intake induced hepatic-, while the combined intake of fat and sugar induced peripheral insulin resistance. Furthermore, long-term feeding of both components impaired the early phase glucose-induced insulin response, which was associated with impaired beta cell innervation. Excessive intake of saturated fat and sugar results not only in obesity, but also in unique functional changes in the striatum, a brain area classically known to regulate reward but not known to control peripheral glucose concentrations. In part 2, we discovered an unexpected role for the striatum, and especially the nucleus accumbens shell (sNAc), in the control of glucose metabolism, in which the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin in the sNAc exerted opposite effects on glucose metabolism. Increasing dopamine inhibited hypothalamic function, which in turn decreased hepatic glucose production. These novel findings suggest a sNAc-hypothalamus-liver-axis involved in glucose control. Together, these studies provided better understanding of how fat/sugar consumption affects glucose metabolism, and novel insights in the central regulation of glucose metabolism.
Fuel Homeostasis And The Nervous System
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Author : Mladen Vranic
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Fuel Homeostasis And The Nervous System written by Mladen Vranic and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
This book has a dual purpose, to review in depth the control of fuel homeostasis in the brain and the role of the nervous system in the control of fuel deposition in the body. From the methodological point of view the emphasis is on the application of advanced technologies to assess fuel transport and brain metabolism, the role of peptides in the neuroendocrine system and the response of the brain to hypoglycemia. These technologies include positron emmission tomography, nuclear magnetic resonance, immunocytochemistry, molecular biology, autoradiography. To study fuel homeostasis in the body advanced tracer methods that include modelling are set out. From the pathophysiological point of view the emphasis is on abnormalities in stress, brain metabolism in diabetes, eating and degenerative disorders. This book contains contributions from endocrinologists, physiologists, neurologists, psychoneuroendocrinOlogists, biophysicists, biochemists and experts in nutrition. This authorship represents a unique diversity of researchers who, for the first time, cover comprehensively the interaction between the nervous system and fuel homeostasis, both in health and disease. We hope this book will be an important source of information for both researchers and practicing clinicians. Mladen Vranic Suad Efendic Charles Hollenberg v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Symposium from which this volume arose (University of Toronto, June 27-28, 1990) was the first Toronto-Stockholm symposium on Perspectives in Diabetes Research. These Symposia are organized triennially by the Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto and the Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm.
Neural Metabolism In Vivo
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Author : In-Young Choi
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-03-14
Neural Metabolism In Vivo written by In-Young Choi and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-03-14 with Medical categories.
From the preface: “Neural Metabolism In Vivo aims to provide a comprehensive overview of neurobiology by presenting the basic principles of up-to-date and cutting-edge technology, as well as their application in assessing the functional, morphological and metabolic aspects of the brain. Investigation of neural activity of the living brain via neurovascular coupling using multimodal imaging techniques extended our understanding of fundamental neurophysiological mechanisms, regulation of cerebral blood flow in connection to neural activity and the interplay between neurons, astrocytes and blood vessels. Constant delivery of glucose and oxygen for energy metabolism is vital for brain function, and the physiological basis of neural activity can be assessed through measurements of cerebral blood flow and consumption of glucose and oxygen.... This book presents the complex physiological and neurochemical processes of neural metabolism and function in response to various physiological conditions and pharmacological stimulations. Neurochemical detection technologies and quantitative aspects of monitoring cerebral energy substrates and other metabolites in the living brain are described under the “Cerebral metabolism of antioxidants, osmolytes and others in vivo” section. Altogether, the advent of new in vivo tools has transformed neuroscience and neurobiology research, and demands interdisciplinary approaches as each technology could only approximate a very small fraction of the true complexity of the underlying biological processes. However, translational values of the emerging in vivo methods to the application of preclinical to clinical studies cannot be emphasized enough. Thus, it is our hope that advances in our understanding of biochemical, molecular, functional and physiological processes of the brain could eventually help people with neurological problems, which are still dominated by the unknowns.” -- In-Young Choi and Rolf Gruetter
The Cns Control Of Glucose Metabolism
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Author : Ernst Grote
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1981
The Cns Control Of Glucose Metabolism written by Ernst Grote and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1981 with Central nervous system categories.