Glycolysis At 75 Is It Time To Tweak The First Elucidated Metabolic Pathway In History
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Glycolysis At 75 Is It Time To Tweak The First Elucidated Metabolic Pathway In History
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Author : Avital Schurr
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-07-08
Glycolysis At 75 Is It Time To Tweak The First Elucidated Metabolic Pathway In History written by Avital Schurr and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-07-08 with Medicine (General) categories.
Glycolysis, the pathway of enzymatic reactions responsible for the breakdown of glucose into two trioses and further into pyruvate or lactate, was elucidated in 1940. For more than seven decades, it has been taught precisely the way its sequence was proposed by Embden, Meyerhof and Parnas. Accordingly, two outcomes of this pathway were proposed, an aerobic glycolysis, with pyruvate as its final product, and an anaerobic glycolysis, identical to the aerobic one, except for an additional reaction, where pyruvate is reduced to lactate. Several studies in the 1980s have shown that both muscle and brain tissues can oxidize and utilize lactate as an energy substrate, challenging this monocarboxylate’s reputation as a useless end-product of anaerobic glycolysis. These findings were met with great skepticism about the idea that lactate could be playing a role in bioenergetics. In the past quarter of a century monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) were identified and localized in both cellular and mitochondrial membranes. A lactate receptor has been identified. Direct and indirect evidence now indicate that the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) resides not only in the cytosol, as part of the glycolytic pathway machinery, but also in the mitochondrial outer membrane. The mitochondrial form of the enzyme oxidizes lactate to pyruvate and concomitantly produces the reducing agent NADH. These findings have shed light on a major drawback of the originally proposed aerobic version of the glycolytic pathway i.e., its inability to regenerate NAD+, as opposed to anaerobic glycolysis that features the cyclical ability of regenerating NAD+ upon pyruvate reduction to lactate by the cytosolic form of LDH. The malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS), a major redox shuttle in the brain, was proposed as an alternative pathway for NAD+ generation for aerobic glycolysis. Nonetheless, would MAS really be necessary for that function if glycolysis always proceeds to the end-products, lactate and NAD+? An additional dilemma the originally proposed aerobic glycolysis presents has to do with the glycolytic pathway of erythrocytes, which despite its highly aerobic environment, always produces lactate as its end-product. It is time to reexamine the original, dogmatic separation of glycolysis into two distinct pathways and put to test the hypothesis of a unified, singular pathway, the end-product of which is lactate, the real substrate of the mitochondrial TCA cycle.
Glycolysis At 75
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Author : Avital Schurr
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Glycolysis At 75 written by Avital Schurr and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Electronic book categories.
Carbohydrate
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Author : Mahmut Caliskan
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2017-04-12
Carbohydrate written by Mahmut Caliskan and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-12 with Science categories.
Carbohydrates are the most abound macromolecules on earth, and they serve different functions within the cell. The purpose of the book is to provide a glimpse into various aspects of carbohydrates by presenting the research of some of the scientists who are engaged in the development of new tools and ideas used to reveal carbohydrate metabolism in health and diseases and as material to mimic the carbohydrate surfaces that take part in molecular recognition, often from very different perspectives. This book covers broad topics in carbohydrate including quality carbohydrates on the prevention and therapy of noncommunicable diseases, lactate, and glycolysis, as biomass in biofuel production, targets for cancer treatment and as biomaterial.
Cellular Metabolism And Related Disorders
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Author : Jesmine Khan
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2020-07-15
Cellular Metabolism And Related Disorders written by Jesmine Khan and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-15 with Science categories.
This book deals with a vital topic: metabolism in the cells of the body and various disorders due to its imbalance and/or diseases that disrupt the metabolism of the body. The objective of this book was to collect and compile up-to-date information from reputed researchers in their respective fields to disseminate the latest information about topics that have profound effects on the metabolic processes in the body including insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, metabolic syndrome, glycogen storage disease, and the urea cycle disorder. In total, there are 12 chapters in this book in which the authors have shared their research findings and real-life experiences in managing their patients.
Baloncesto Formativo
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Author : Pablo Esper Di Cesare
language : es
Publisher: Ediciones Universidad Católica de Salta
Release Date : 2020-09-23
Baloncesto Formativo written by Pablo Esper Di Cesare and has been published by Ediciones Universidad Católica de Salta this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-23 with Sports & Recreation categories.
Este nuevo libro de Pablo Esper Di Cesare, completa la trilogía sobre preparación física en Baloncesto en etapas de formación, convirtiéndose así en una obra de referencia mundial, única en su tipo, para los entrenadores y preparadores físicos. Al recorrer sus páginas el lector obtendrá información específica acerca de cómo convertir basquetbolistas juniors en deportistas de permormance profesional mediante el diseño de tareas de entrenamiento en baloncesto juvenil de alto rendimiento, la aplicación de la preparación física a la mejora individual, la nutrición aplicada a jugadores juniors de alto rendimiento deportivo, y en definitiva una guía para la construcción psicofísica del joven basquetbolista de alto rendimiento. El libro está estructurado en "áreas" de entrenamiento físico; Evaluación; Entrenamiento preventivo y del Rendimiento, a partir de la conceptcón psicofísica del joven deportista. En este volumen, cita ineludible para los profesionales del deporte que trabajan en etapas de formación, el lector obtendrá asesoramiento profesional de profesionales que han disputado juegos olímpicos, copas del mundo, campeonatos europeos y panamericanos, y de reconocidos profesionales de la preparación física y ciencias afines que transforman en palabras su accionar diario en diferentes niveles de rendimiento.
Atomic Evidence
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Author : David S. Goodsell
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-08-04
Atomic Evidence written by David S. Goodsell and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-04 with Science categories.
This book will take an evidence-based approach to current knowledge about biomolecules and their place in our lives, inviting readers to explore how we know what we know, and how current gaps in knowledge may influence the way we approach the information. Biomolecular science is increasingly important in our everyday life, influencing the choices we make about our diet, our health, and our wellness. Often, however, information about biomolecular science is presented as a list of immutable facts, discouraging critical thought. The book will introduce the basic tools of structural biology, supply real-life examples, and encourage critical thought about aspects of biology that are still not fully understood.
Flow Cytometry And Cell Sorting
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Author : Andreas Radbruch
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-14
Flow Cytometry And Cell Sorting written by Andreas Radbruch and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-14 with Science categories.
The analysis and sorting of large numbers of cells with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) was first achieved some 30 years ago. Since then, this technology has been rapidly developed and is used today in many laboratories. A Springer Lab Manual Review of the First Edition: "This is a most useful volume which will be a welcome addition for personal use and also for laboratories in a wide range of disciplines. Highly recommended." CYTOBIOS
Cancer Rnome Nature Evolution
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Author : Mansi Arora
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-11-02
Cancer Rnome Nature Evolution written by Mansi Arora and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-02 with Medical categories.
In the last decade, researchers working in the field of cancer biology have shifted their focus from genetic defects to epigenetic dysregulation, especially that of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). This book encompasses a comprehensive review of the transcriptional landscape of the cell and its involvement in the cancer pathophysiology. The first two chapters elucidate the basics of biosynthesis, mechanism of action and modulation of the epigenetic regulation of gene expression by coding as well as non-coding RNAs. The third chapter discusses the aberrant expression of the cellular RNome in the cancer cells and highlights its role in the orchestration of processes involved in evolution as well as the sustenance of cancer cells. The fourth chapter describes the recent advances in the field of translating the transcriptome into diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers and as targets for novel anti-cancer therapies. The final chapter then reviews the emerging experimental approaches to screen, identify and explore the functions of ncRNAs. Providing valuable insights into the field of RNome in the context of cancer, this book is helpful to students, researchers and clinicians..
Muscle Regeneration
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Author : Alexander Mauro
language : en
Publisher: Raven Press (ID)
Release Date : 1979
Muscle Regeneration written by Alexander Mauro and has been published by Raven Press (ID) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with Medical categories.
Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases
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Author : Nima Rezaei
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-11-30
Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases written by Nima Rezaei and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-30 with Medical categories.
The number of diagnosed cases of primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) – a group of inborn disorders of the immune system – is growing rapidly, but misdiagnosis or late diagnosis still occurs in a significant number of patients, with serious consequences. This is the second edition of a practical reference textbook on PIDs that has been widely welcomed by scientists and clinicians from around the world. The new edition has been extensively revised to reflect advances in knowledge and includes various PIDs not previously covered. For each disease, information is provided on definition, etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management. This book will represent an ideal resource for specialists when engaging in diagnosis, clinical decision-making, and treatment planning. It will also prove invaluable for doctors in training and other physicians and nurses who wish to learn more about PIDs.