Group Beliefs
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Group Beliefs
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Author : Daniel Bar-Tal
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Group Beliefs written by Daniel Bar-Tal and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Psychology categories.
"Individuals who live in groups hold common beliefs which define their reality, not only as persons, but also as group members. This reality becomes especially important when group members become aware that they share beliefs and are convinced that these beliefs characterize them as a group. In this case common beliefs become group beliefs." With this statement, Dr. Bar-Tal begins his far-reaching analysis of beliefs as a group phenomenon. Group beliefs are shown to have important behavioral, cognitive, and affective implications for group members and the group as a whole. They may contribute to the behavioral direction a group takes, coordinate group activities, determine the intensity and involvement of group members, and influence the way group members affect the leaders. This book introduces and articulates the implications of a new concept of group beliefs, shedding new light on the structure and processes of groups, focusing on such phenomena as group formation, subgrouping, splits, mergence and group disintegration. By taking an interdisciplinary approach, this integrative conception opens new avenues to the study and understanding of group behavior.
Effective Beliefs
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Author : Noel W. Davis
language : en
Publisher: Balboa Press
Release Date : 2018-09-06
Effective Beliefs written by Noel W. Davis and has been published by Balboa Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-06 with Religion categories.
This book realizes that there are many, many beliefs. It may be that through dialogue, a person can change their belief; however, the book suggests that this could be unlikely. The main thrust is that there can be outcomes from all beliefs that can lead to greater harmony in the world.
Religion As Make Believe
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Author : Neil Van Leeuwen
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2023-11-21
Religion As Make Believe written by Neil Van Leeuwen and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-11-21 with Religion categories.
To understand the nature of religious belief, we must look at how our minds process the world of imagination and make-believe. We often assume that religious beliefs are no different in kind from ordinary factual beliefs—that believing in the existence of God or of supernatural entities that hear our prayers is akin to believing that May comes before June. Neil Van Leeuwen shows that, in fact, these two forms of belief are strikingly different. Our brains do not process religious beliefs like they do beliefs concerning mundane reality; instead, empirical findings show that religious beliefs function like the imaginings that guide make-believe play. Van Leeuwen argues that religious belief—which he terms religious “credence”—is best understood as a form of imagination that people use to define the identity of their group and express the values they hold sacred. When a person pretends, they navigate the world by consulting two maps: the first represents mundane reality, and the second superimposes the features of the imagined world atop the first. Drawing on psychological, linguistic, and anthropological evidence, Van Leeuwen posits that religious communities operate in much the same way, consulting a factual-belief map that represents ordinary objects and events and a religious-credence map that accords these objects and events imagined sacred and supernatural significance. It is hardly controversial to suggest that religion has a social function, but Religion as Make-Believe breaks new ground by theorizing the underlying cognitive mechanisms. Once we recognize that our minds process factual and religious beliefs in fundamentally different ways, we can gain deeper understanding of the complex individual and group psychology of religious faith.
The Effects Of Group Beliefs And Task Meaningfulness On Social Loafing
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Author : Abdel Moneim M. K. Elsaid
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
The Effects Of Group Beliefs And Task Meaningfulness On Social Loafing written by Abdel Moneim M. K. Elsaid and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
More than 100 studies on social loafing have demonstrated that individuals often work less hard on collective tasks than they do on individual tasks. Karau and Williams (1993) conducted a meta-analyses and found a mean effect size of d = 0.44 for social loafing, which is moderate in magnitude. Fortunately, social loafing is not inevitable. Numerous variables have been found to moderate this effect, and in some instances produce motivation gains. The current study examined the effects of task meaningfulness and beliefs about groups on social loafing. The experimental design of the study was a 2 (work condition: coactive or collective) x 2 (task meaningfulness: high or low) x 2 (beliefs about groups: high or low) between-subjects factorial design. Beliefs about groups (BAG) was measured using Karau and Elsaid's (2005) BAG scale which has high internal consistency (alpha = 0.88). Performance was measured by the number of symbols correctly decoded and the number and proportion of decoding errors. The study hypotheses were developed based on the logic of the Collective Effort Model (CEM) developed by Karau and Williams (1993). Data were analyzed using analyses of variance, as well as priori orthogonal contrasts to make planned comparisons (Kirk, 1982). All hypotheses were strongly supported. Specifically, the strong tendency for participants to engage in social loafing was reduced significantly when the task was high in meaningfulness and when participants had positive beliefs about groups. Moreover, as predicted, a motivation gain was found for high group belief participants in the high task meaningfulness condition. These findings suggest that social loafing is not an inevitable consequence of group work, and that motivation gains can even emerge under the right conditions. The results of this study lend further support for the efficacy of the CEM. The study also has practical implications, and suggests that it is important for managers to consider both team members' beliefs about groups and the meaningfulness of the group's work in order to design effective work teams.
Shared Beliefs In A Society
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Author : Daniel Bar-Tal
language : en
Publisher: SAGE
Release Date : 2000-07-06
Shared Beliefs In A Society written by Daniel Bar-Tal and has been published by SAGE this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-07-06 with Psychology categories.
Shared Beliefs in a Society is a much-needed contribution to societal psychology, a new emerging subfield of social psychology, which studies societies from a social psychological perspective. Daniel Bar-Tal presents his work of the last 15 years on shared beliefs in societies under one conceptual framework from which to identify beliefs held in common by entire societies and nations. Using examples form the history, politics, sociology, culture, and education from different societies, the author offers that social psychology can provide a unique perspective on society, but it can also benefit from integrating contributions from other social sciences into its own theorizing effort.
Group Theories Of Religion And The Individual
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Author : Clement Charles Julian Webb
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1916
Group Theories Of Religion And The Individual written by Clement Charles Julian Webb and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1916 with Group theory categories.
Children S Knowledge Beliefs And Feelings About Nations And National Groups
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Author : Martyn Barrett
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2013-04-15
Children S Knowledge Beliefs And Feelings About Nations And National Groups written by Martyn Barrett and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-15 with Psychology categories.
Provides a state-of-the-art account of how people's subjective sense of national identity develops through childhood and adolescence.
Group Theories Of Religion And The Individual
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Author : Clement C. J. Webb
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017-08-18
Group Theories Of Religion And The Individual written by Clement C. J. Webb and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-08-18 with History categories.
What People Believe When They Say That People Believe
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Author : Todd Jones
language : en
Publisher: Lexington Books
Release Date : 2010-10-26
What People Believe When They Say That People Believe written by Todd Jones and has been published by Lexington Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-26 with Philosophy categories.
In modern life, we often hear people say things like, 'Catholics don't believe in using birth control.' There are many reasons that we want to know what groups of people (such as Catholics) are thinking and doing. But it's hard to understand which social situations are being described by such statements. It's also difficult to understand what speakers believe when they make such statements (even when the speakers are social scientists.) In this work, cognitive scientist and philosopher Todd Jones looks at the different things that social scientists and ordinary speakers mean when they make statements ascribing beliefs or actions to groups, rather than individuals. Such statements are often denigrated as mere stereotypes or generalizations. Yet they are also used by people to strategize about what actions to take, and even for social scientific explanations. In this work, Jones takes a detailed look at the different things these kinds of statements about groups can mean, and the various social structures they correspond to. He also looks at how such statements can and can't be used to successfully explain the behavior of individuals or groups. While many people broadly dismiss such statements about groups, Jones gives a careful discussion of the problems and possibilities such statements have.
How Dogmatic Beliefs Harm Creativity And Higher Level Thinking
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Author : Don Ambrose
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2012-04-23
How Dogmatic Beliefs Harm Creativity And Higher Level Thinking written by Don Ambrose and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-04-23 with Education categories.
This volume introduces the problem of dogmatism broadly, explores the nature and nuances of dogmatic thinking from various disciplinary perspectives, and applies the gleaned insights to what is known about creativity and the education of creative young minds.