Group Selection In Predator Prey Communities
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Group Selection In Predator Prey Communities
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Author : Michael E. Gilpin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1975-01-01
Group Selection In Predator Prey Communities written by Michael E. Gilpin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975-01-01 with categories.
Group Selection In Predator Prey Communities
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Author : Michael E. Gilpin
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 1975-07-21
Group Selection In Predator Prey Communities written by Michael E. Gilpin and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975-07-21 with Nature categories.
Many animals regulate their population density by patterns of behavior that would be easy to explain if the forces of natural selection acted to optimize group properties. But Darwinian selection acts on individuals, not groups, and most simple theories have shown group selection to be too slow ever to oppose individual selection successfully. In this book Michael Gilpin presents a model, based on predator-prey dynamics, wherein nonlinear effects are important, so that small advantages to the selfish individual are nonlinearly amplified into disaster for his group. The result is that group selection can be rapid and powerful. Of course many instances of apparent group selection can be explained by kin selection; in other cases, close examination reveals that seemingly altruistic behavior directly benefits the individual genotype as well as the group. The value of the monograph is that it provides a robust model in which group selection, pure and unadulterated, can be seen to work.
Genetic Structure And Selection In Subdivided Populations
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Author : François Rousset
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2004-01-25
Genetic Structure And Selection In Subdivided Populations written by François Rousset and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-01-25 with Science categories.
Various approaches have been developed to evaluate the consequences of spatial structure on evolution in subdivided populations. This book is both a review and new synthesis of several of these approaches, based on the theory of spatial genetic structure. François Rousset examines Sewall Wright's methods of analysis based on F-statistics, effective size, and diffusion approximation; coalescent arguments; William Hamilton's inclusive fitness theory; and approaches rooted in game theory and adaptive dynamics. Setting these in a framework that reveals their common features, he demonstrates how efficient tools developed within one approach can be applied to the others. Rousset not only revisits classical models but also presents new analyses of more recent topics, such as effective size in metapopulations. The book, most of which does not require fluency in advanced mathematics, includes a self-contained exposition of less easily accessible results. It is intended for advanced graduate students and researchers in evolutionary ecology and population genetics, and will also interest applied mathematicians working in probability theory as well as statisticians.
Group Selection In Predator Prey Communities Predator Prey Communities
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Author : Michael E. Gilpin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1975
Group Selection In Predator Prey Communities Predator Prey Communities written by Michael E. Gilpin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975 with categories.
The Theory Of Ecological Communities
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Author : Mark Vellend
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2020-09-15
The Theory Of Ecological Communities written by Mark Vellend and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-15 with Science categories.
A plethora of different theories, models, and concepts make up the field of community ecology. Amid this vast body of work, is it possible to build one general theory of ecological communities? What other scientific areas might serve as a guiding framework? As it turns out, the core focus of community ecology—understanding patterns of diversity and composition of biological variants across space and time—is shared by evolutionary biology and its very coherent conceptual framework, population genetics theory. The Theory of Ecological Communities takes this as a starting point to pull together community ecology's various perspectives into a more unified whole. Mark Vellend builds a theory of ecological communities based on four overarching processes: selection among species, drift, dispersal, and speciation. These are analogues of the four central processes in population genetics theory—selection within species, drift, gene flow, and mutation—and together they subsume almost all of the many dozens of more specific models built to describe the dynamics of communities of interacting species. The result is a theory that allows the effects of many low-level processes, such as competition, facilitation, predation, disturbance, stress, succession, colonization, and local extinction to be understood as the underpinnings of high-level processes with widely applicable consequences for ecological communities. Reframing the numerous existing ideas in community ecology, The Theory of Ecological Communities provides a new way for thinking about biological composition and diversity.
Population Ecology Of Individuals
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Author : Adam Lomnicki
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2020-03-31
Population Ecology Of Individuals written by Adam Lomnicki and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-31 with Science categories.
A common tendency in the field of population ecology has been to overlook individual differences by treating populations as homogeneous units; conversely, in behavioral ecology the tendency has been to concentrate on how individual behavior is shaped by evolutionary forces, but not on how this behavior affects population dynamics. Adam Lomnicki and others aim to remedy this one-sidedness by showing that the overall dynamical behavior of populations must ultimately be understood in terms of the behavior of individuals. Professor Lomnicki's wide-ranging presentation of this approach includes simple mathematical models aimed at describing both the origin and consequences of individual variation among plants and animals. The author contends that further progress in population ecology will require taking into account individual differences other than sex, age, and taxonomic affiliation--unequal access to resources, for instance. Population ecologists who adopt this viewpoint may discover new answers to classical questions of population ecology. Partly because it uses a variety of examples from many taxonomic groups, this work will appeal not only to population ecologists but to ecologists in general.
Population Ecology Of The Cooperatively Breeding Acorn Woodpecker
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Author : Walter D. Koenig
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2020-03-31
Population Ecology Of The Cooperatively Breeding Acorn Woodpecker written by Walter D. Koenig and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-31 with Science categories.
Ever since the acorn woodpecker was observed and described by Spanish explorers, its behavior--particularly the unique habit of caching acorns in specialized storage trees or granaries--has impressed observers. Acorn woodpeckers are also one of the few temperate zone species in which young are reared communally in family groups. This demographic study investigates the complexities of acorn storage and group living in acorn woodpeckers at Hastings Reservation in central coastal California. It is one of the most thorough studies of any avian social system to date.
A Hierarchical Concept Of Ecosystems Mpb 23 Volume 23
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Author : Robert V. O'Neill
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2021-09-14
A Hierarchical Concept Of Ecosystems Mpb 23 Volume 23 written by Robert V. O'Neill and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-14 with Science categories.
"Ecosystem" is an intuitively appealing concept to most ecologists, but, in spite of its widespread use, the term remains diffuse and ambiguous. The authors of this book argue that previous attempts to define the concept have been derived from particular viewpoints to the exclusion of others equally possible. They offer instead a more general line of thought based on hierarchy theory. Their contribution should help to counteract the present separation of subdisciplines in ecology and to bring functional and population/community ecologists closer to a common approach. Developed as a way of understanding highly complex organized systems, hierarchy theory has at its center the idea that organization results from differences in process rates. To the authors the theory suggests an objective way of decomposing ecosystems into their component parts. The results thus obtained offer a rewarding method for integrating various schools of ecology.
Food Webs
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Author : S. Pimm
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Food Webs written by S. Pimm and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Social Science categories.
Often the meanings of words are changed subtly for interesting reasons. The implication of the word 'community' has changed from including all the organisms in an area to only those species at a particular trophic level (and often a taxonomically restricted group), for example, 'bird-community'. If this observation is correct, its probable cause is the dramatic growth in our knowledge of the ecological patterns along trophic levels (I call these horizontal patterns) and the processes that generate them. This book deals with vertical patterns - those across trophic levels -and tries to compensate for their relative neglect. In cataloging a dozen vertical patterns I hope to convince the reader that species interactions across trophic levels are as patterned as those along trophic levels and demand explanations equally forcefully. But this is not the only objective. A limited number of processes shape the patterns of species interaction; to demonstrate their existence is an essential step in understanding why ecosystems are the way they are. To achieve these aims I must resort to both mathematical techniques to develop theories and statistical techniques to decide between rival hypotheses. The level of mathematics is likely to offend nearly everyone. Some will find any mathematics too much, while others will consider the material to be old, familiar ground and probably explained with a poor regard for rigour and generality.
Advances In Ecological Research
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 1987-04-14
Advances In Ecological Research written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987-04-14 with Science categories.
Advances in Ecological Research, first published in 1962, is one of Academic Press's most successful and prestigious series. In 1999, the Institute for Scientific Information released figures showing that the serial has an Impact Factor of 9.6, with a half life of 10.0 years, placing it 1st in the highly competitive category of Ecology.The Editors have always striven to provide a wide range of top-quality papers on all aspects of ecology, such as animal/plant, physiology/population/community, landscape and ecosystem ecology. Eclectic volumes in the serial are supplemented by thematic volumes on such topics as Estuaries and Ancient Lakes.Now edited by Dr Hal Caswell, of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Advances in Ecological Research continues to publish topical and important reviews, interpreting ecology as widely as in the past, to include all material that contributes to our understanding of the field.