Group Selection In Predator Prey Communities Predator Prey Communities

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Group Selection In Predator Prey Communities
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Author : Michael E. Gilpin
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 1975-07-21
Group Selection In Predator Prey Communities written by Michael E. Gilpin and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975-07-21 with Nature categories.
Many animals regulate their population density by patterns of behavior that would be easy to explain if the forces of natural selection acted to optimize group properties. But Darwinian selection acts on individuals, not groups, and most simple theories have shown group selection to be too slow ever to oppose individual selection successfully. In this book Michael Gilpin presents a model, based on predator-prey dynamics, wherein nonlinear effects are important, so that small advantages to the selfish individual are nonlinearly amplified into disaster for his group. The result is that group selection can be rapid and powerful. Of course many instances of apparent group selection can be explained by kin selection; in other cases, close examination reveals that seemingly altruistic behavior directly benefits the individual genotype as well as the group. The value of the monograph is that it provides a robust model in which group selection, pure and unadulterated, can be seen to work.
Group Selection In Predator Prey Communities
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Author : Michael E. Gilpin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1975-01-01
Group Selection In Predator Prey Communities written by Michael E. Gilpin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975-01-01 with categories.
Group Selection In Predator Prey Communities Predator Prey Communities
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Author : Michael E. Gilpin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1975
Group Selection In Predator Prey Communities Predator Prey Communities written by Michael E. Gilpin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975 with categories.
The Theory Of Ecological Communities
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Author : Mark Vellend
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2020-09-15
The Theory Of Ecological Communities written by Mark Vellend and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-15 with Science categories.
A plethora of different theories, models, and concepts make up the field of community ecology. Amid this vast body of work, is it possible to build one general theory of ecological communities? What other scientific areas might serve as a guiding framework? As it turns out, the core focus of community ecology—understanding patterns of diversity and composition of biological variants across space and time—is shared by evolutionary biology and its very coherent conceptual framework, population genetics theory. The Theory of Ecological Communities takes this as a starting point to pull together community ecology's various perspectives into a more unified whole. Mark Vellend builds a theory of ecological communities based on four overarching processes: selection among species, drift, dispersal, and speciation. These are analogues of the four central processes in population genetics theory—selection within species, drift, gene flow, and mutation—and together they subsume almost all of the many dozens of more specific models built to describe the dynamics of communities of interacting species. The result is a theory that allows the effects of many low-level processes, such as competition, facilitation, predation, disturbance, stress, succession, colonization, and local extinction to be understood as the underpinnings of high-level processes with widely applicable consequences for ecological communities. Reframing the numerous existing ideas in community ecology, The Theory of Ecological Communities provides a new way for thinking about biological composition and diversity.
Resource Competition And Community Structure
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Author : David Tilman
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2020-03-31
Resource Competition And Community Structure written by David Tilman and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-31 with Science categories.
One of the central questions of ecology is why there are so many different kinds of plants and animals. Here David Tilman presents a theory of how organisms compete for resources and the way their competition promotes diversity. Developing Hutchinson's suggestion that the main cause of diversity is the feeding relations of species, this book builds a mechanistic, resource-based explanation of the structure and functioning of ecological communities. In a detailed analysis of the Park Grass Experiments at the Rothamsted Experimental Station in England, the author demonstrates that the dramatic results of these 120 years of experimentation are consistent with his theory, as are observations in many other natural communities. The consumer-resource approach of this book is applicable to both animal and plant communities, but the majority of Professor Tilman's discussion concentrates on the structure of plant communities. All theoretical arguments are developed graphically, and formal mathematics is kept to a minimum. The final chapters of the book provide some testable speculations about resources and animal communities and explore such problems as the evolution of "super species," the differences between plant and animal community diversity patterns, and the cause of plant succession.
Individual Behavior And Community Dynamics
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Author : John Fryxell
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Individual Behavior And Community Dynamics written by John Fryxell and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
A book blending evolution and trophic dynamics, taking into account recent advances in both behavioral and population ecology, is long overdue. A central objective of this book is to consider whether adaptive behavioral decisions on the individual organism level might tend to stabilize trophic interactions. A second major goal of the book is to explore the implications of presumably adaptive behaviors on trophic dynamics and the implications of trophic dynamics for the evolution of adaptive behaviors. All evolutionary biologists, ecologists, and behavioral ecologists should find this exciting volume essential reading.
Complex Interactions In Lake Communities
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Author : Stephen R. Carpenter
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Complex Interactions In Lake Communities written by Stephen R. Carpenter and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
In its statutory authority (National Science Foundation Act of 1950, as amended), the NSF is directed to both initiate and support basic scientific research. In its Ecology Program, one mode of initiating research is to en courage the development of new ideas through advisory workshops. The NSF is specifically directed to strengthen our nation's research potential. In addition, stimulating new approaches to research will continue to be prominent in the coming years as federal attention is given to increasing the innovativeness and competitiveness of the U. S. in science and engineering. A decision to initiate a workshop does not arise de novo in the Ecology Program. Rather, it emerges from panel discussions, conversations with in vestigators at meetings or on the phone, and from discussions between pro gram officers in the Division of Biotic Systems and Resources. This workshop was developed to provide advice to the NSF and the lim nological community. Some NSF perceptions on future funding for ecolog ical research on lake communities are presented here. Researchers often mentioned a paucity of innovative lake ecology at the community level. This perception was accompanied by a certain frustration since lakes probably have the best empirical data base of any natural environment and should continue to lead in the development of ecological concepts. Members of NSF advisory panels sometimes expressed similar concerns during consid eration of proposals for lake research.
Genetic Structure And Selection In Subdivided Populations
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Author : François Rousset
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2004-01-25
Genetic Structure And Selection In Subdivided Populations written by François Rousset and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-01-25 with Science categories.
Various approaches have been developed to evaluate the consequences of spatial structure on evolution in subdivided populations. This book is both a review and new synthesis of several of these approaches, based on the theory of spatial genetic structure. François Rousset examines Sewall Wright's methods of analysis based on F-statistics, effective size, and diffusion approximation; coalescent arguments; William Hamilton's inclusive fitness theory; and approaches rooted in game theory and adaptive dynamics. Setting these in a framework that reveals their common features, he demonstrates how efficient tools developed within one approach can be applied to the others. Rousset not only revisits classical models but also presents new analyses of more recent topics, such as effective size in metapopulations. The book, most of which does not require fluency in advanced mathematics, includes a self-contained exposition of less easily accessible results. It is intended for advanced graduate students and researchers in evolutionary ecology and population genetics, and will also interest applied mathematicians working in probability theory as well as statisticians.
Population Ecology Of Individuals
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Author : Adam Lomnicki
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2020-03-31
Population Ecology Of Individuals written by Adam Lomnicki and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-31 with Science categories.
A common tendency in the field of population ecology has been to overlook individual differences by treating populations as homogeneous units; conversely, in behavioral ecology the tendency has been to concentrate on how individual behavior is shaped by evolutionary forces, but not on how this behavior affects population dynamics. Adam Lomnicki and others aim to remedy this one-sidedness by showing that the overall dynamical behavior of populations must ultimately be understood in terms of the behavior of individuals. Professor Lomnicki's wide-ranging presentation of this approach includes simple mathematical models aimed at describing both the origin and consequences of individual variation among plants and animals. The author contends that further progress in population ecology will require taking into account individual differences other than sex, age, and taxonomic affiliation--unequal access to resources, for instance. Population ecologists who adopt this viewpoint may discover new answers to classical questions of population ecology. Partly because it uses a variety of examples from many taxonomic groups, this work will appeal not only to population ecologists but to ecologists in general.
Population Ecology Of The Cooperatively Breeding Acorn Woodpecker
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Author : Walter D. Koenig
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2020-03-31
Population Ecology Of The Cooperatively Breeding Acorn Woodpecker written by Walter D. Koenig and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-31 with Science categories.
Ever since the acorn woodpecker was observed and described by Spanish explorers, its behavior--particularly the unique habit of caching acorns in specialized storage trees or granaries--has impressed observers. Acorn woodpeckers are also one of the few temperate zone species in which young are reared communally in family groups. This demographic study investigates the complexities of acorn storage and group living in acorn woodpeckers at Hastings Reservation in central coastal California. It is one of the most thorough studies of any avian social system to date.