Growth And Adjustment In Imf Supported Programs

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Growth And Adjustment In Imf Supported Programs

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Author : International Monetary Fund. Independent Evaluation Office
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2021-09-09

Growth And Adjustment In Imf Supported Programs written by International Monetary Fund. Independent Evaluation Office and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-09 with Business & Economics categories.

This evaluation assesses how well IMF-supported programs helped to sustain economic growth while delivering adjustment needed for external viability over the period 2008–19. The evaluation finds that the Fund’s increasing attention to growth in the programs has delivered some positive results. Specifically, it does not find evidence of a consistent bias towards excessive austerity in IMF-supported programs. Indeed, programs have yielded growth benefits relative to a counterfactual of no Fund engagement and boosted post-program growth performance. Notwithstanding these positive findings, program growth outcomes consistently fell short of program projections. Such shortfalls imply less protection of incomes than intended, fuel adjustment fatigue and public opposition to reforms, and jeopardize progress towards external viability. The evaluation examines how different policy instruments were applied to support better growth outcomes while achieving needed adjustment. Fiscal policies typically incorporated growth-friendly measures but with mixed success. Despite some success in promoting reforms and growth, structural conditionalities were of relatively low depth and their potential growth benefits were not fully realized. Use of the exchange rate as a policy tool to support growth and external adjustment during programs was quite limited. Lastly, market debt operations were useful in some cases to restore debt sustainability and renew market access, yet sometimes were too little and too late to deliver the intended benefits. The evaluation concludes that the IMF should seek to further enhance program countries’ capacity to sustain activity while undertaking needed adjustment during the program and to enhance growth prospects beyond the program. Following this conclusion, the report sets out three recommendations aimed at strengthening attention to growth implications of IMF-supported programs, including the social and distributional consequences.

Fiscal Adjustment In Imf Supported Programs

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Author : International Monetary Fund. Independent Evaluation Office
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2003-11-17

Fiscal Adjustment In Imf Supported Programs written by International Monetary Fund. Independent Evaluation Office and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-11-17 with Business & Economics categories.

Using a cross-country sample of 169 IMF-supported programs and detailed studies of 15 programs, this evaluation report examines various aspects of fiscal adjustment in IMF-supported programs. It presents evidence that does not support some critics’ view that IMF-supported programs typically adopt a one-size-fits-all approach to fiscal adjustment, nor the perception that programs always involve austerity by targeting reductions in public spending. The report also proposes a number of recommendations for IMF surveillance and program design in the future.

Expenditure Conditionality In Imf Supported Programs

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Author : Mr.Sanjeev Gupta
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2018-12-07

Expenditure Conditionality In Imf Supported Programs written by Mr.Sanjeev Gupta and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-07 with Business & Economics categories.

This paper studies the impact of expenditure conditionality in IMF programs on the composition of public spending. A granular dataset on different government expenditure conditions covering 115 countries for the 1992-2016 period is compiled. The results support the view that while conditionality on specific elements of spending could help achieve a program’s short-term objectives, it is structural conditionality which delivers lasting benefits. Structural public financial management conditionality (such as on budget execution and control) has proven to be effective in boosting the long-term level of education, health, and public investment expenditures. The results further indicate that conditionality on raising such spending may come at the expense of other expenditures. Finally, the successful implementation (and not mere existence) of the conditionality is crucial for improved outcomes. These findings are relevant for policy makers targeting achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Imf Supported Programs And Income Convergence In Low Income Countries

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Author : Tejesh Pradhan
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2018-12-13

Imf Supported Programs And Income Convergence In Low Income Countries written by Tejesh Pradhan and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-13 with Business & Economics categories.

Continuing the empirical debate on the effects of IMF-supported programs on participating countries’ macroeconomic performance, we focus on the issue of whether these programs accelerate conditional ß-convergence among low-income countries (LICs). We use an unbalanced panel dataset for 85 LICs over the period 1986-2015 and employ two different econometric methods to address the selection bias problem. Our empirical results suggest that the rate of conditional income per capita convergence is faster among LICs with extended IMF support than that in countries without support or with intermittent support.

Do Imf Supported Programs Work A Survey Of The Cross Country Empirical Evidence

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Author : International Monetary Fund
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1998-12-01

Do Imf Supported Programs Work A Survey Of The Cross Country Empirical Evidence written by International Monetary Fund and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-12-01 with Business & Economics categories.

Over the last two decades a number of cross-country empirical studies have been undertaken to assess whether IMF-supported adjustment programs have led to an improved balance of payments and current account balance, lower inflation, and higher growth. These studies use a variety of methodologies and cover different country samples and time periods. This paper critically surveys the evidence yielded by the cross-country studies, paying special attention to the pros and cons of the respective empirical methodologies employed. These studies, particularly the more recent ones, conclude that IMF-supported programs have generally been successful in stabilizing the economy.

Staff Guidance Note On The Implementation Of The Imf Strategy For Fragile And Conflict Affected States Fcs

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Author : International Monetary
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2023-03-22

Staff Guidance Note On The Implementation Of The Imf Strategy For Fragile And Conflict Affected States Fcs written by International Monetary and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-03-22 with Business & Economics categories.

This note provides operational advice and information to help staff implement the IMF Strategy for Fragile and Conflict-Affected States (FCS) approved by the Executive Board on March 9, 2022. Topics covered include (i) the new IMF FCS classification methodology, which is aligned with that of the World Bank; (ii) the preparation of Country Engagement Strategies (CES) that will be rolled out across FCS to ensure that Fund engagement is appropriately tailored to country-specific manifestations of fragility and/or conflict; (iii) advice on tailoring the thematic focus of Article IV consultations and Fund analytics to FCS, as well as on the prioritization, design, and implementation of capacity development (CD) projects in fragile contexts; (iv) guidance on making full use of the flexibilities of the lending toolkit; (v) guidance on engaging in specific FCS situations, including building accountable institutions to exit fragility, cases of rising fragility risks, active conflict, post-conflict, and addressing the impact of external shocks and spillovers; and (v) strengthening partnerships with humanitarian, development, and peace actors, in accordance with the Fund’s mandate. Dedicated annexes provide additional information on the CES process, addressing good governance in FCS, program design, and country examples of Fund engagement in FCS.

Macroeconomic And Structural Policies In Fund Supported Programs Review Of Experience

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Author : International Monetary Fund. Policy Development and Review Dept.
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2004-11-24

Macroeconomic And Structural Policies In Fund Supported Programs Review Of Experience written by International Monetary Fund. Policy Development and Review Dept. and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-11-24 with Business & Economics categories.

A Fund-supported program is a package of envisaged policies which, combined with approved financing, is expected to achieve certain economic objectives such as fostering macroeconomic stability and orderly external adjustment, promoting growth and poverty reduction, and reducing vulnerability to future balance of payments problems or financial crises. This paper reviews experience with specific macroeconomic and structural policies intended to achieve these objectives.

Principles Of International Economics

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Author : Samar Sengupta
language : en
Publisher: Educohack Press
Release Date : 2025-02-20

Principles Of International Economics written by Samar Sengupta and has been published by Educohack Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-02-20 with Business & Economics categories.

"Principles of International Economics" offers a concise introduction to the complex world of international trade and finance. We provide a rigorous yet clear approach, making it essential for MBA students, business managers, and professionals involved in international trade and finance. Given the global financial crisis, economic turmoil in developed countries, and growing obstacles to international trade and currency crises, understanding international economics is more critical than ever. We cover trade fundamentals and patterns, the impact of trade policies on business, national well-being, and the global economy. Additionally, we explore exchange rate determination and fluctuations, and the role of national economic policies on the domestic and global economy. Our book emphasizes the interrelationships between trade policy, central bank actions, government spending and taxes, interest rates, prices, exchange rates, and economic activity. Unlike standard textbooks, we focus on practical applications, making complex theories and models accessible. "Principles of International Economics" is suitable for students in introductory international business courses and business practitioners with limited knowledge of basic business principles. It serves as a comprehensive guide to understanding the intricacies of international economics.

Finance Development December 2003

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Author : International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2003-12-15

Finance Development December 2003 written by International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept. and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-12-15 with Business & Economics categories.

This paper describes why the international community needs to act now to stand a chance of meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The paper gives example of Ethiopia, one of the poorest countries in the world, with an estimated per capita income of about US$100. According to the World Bank, recent national household surveys find 44 percent of the people in Ethiopia cannot meet basic needs. The paper discusses that Ethiopia in many ways epitomizes why the MDGs are important and why more money is needed to achieve them.

An Islamic Model For Stabilization And Growth

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Author : Adama Dieye
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-07-16

An Islamic Model For Stabilization And Growth written by Adama Dieye and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-16 with Political Science categories.

This book argues that the macroeconomic policy adjustment models recommended by the IMF and the World Bank for implementation in many Muslim countries, with substantial donor financial support, have not been effective. Economic indicators show low economic growth, persistent fiscal and external deficits and limited industrialization. Also, these countries are experiencing increases in unemployment, poverty and substantial growth in income and wealth ‎inequalities. These facts ‎underline an urgent need to produce an alternative to the failed conventional macroeconomic model in order to address the challenge of ‎macroeconomic and social adjustment policies. The project posits and investigates the idea that the Islamic economic model prescribed in the Quran and applied by the Prophet (sawa) could be the ideal model for Muslim as well as non-Muslim ‎countries.