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Hobbes In 60 Minutes

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Hobbes In 60 Minutes

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Author : Walther Ziegler
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2020-07-03

Hobbes In 60 Minutes written by Walther Ziegler and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-03 with Philosophy categories.

Thomas Hobbes is the founder of the modern theory of the state. He gained worldwide fame with his thesis that Man is not, by nature, a peaceful or sociable being but rather always pursues, egoistically, first and foremost his own welfare and advantage. Were there no state, with their laws, judges and police, we would live in a constant "war of all against all". Not because Man is essentially wicked but because such behaviour is dictated by our nature as predatory animals: "Man is an arrant wolf to Man". With this oft-cited phrase, however, Hobbes in fact provided the first modern legitimation for the state. The state, he argued, is necessary and in the interest of all insofar as it provides human beings with mutual protection from the fraud, theft and murder which they would otherwise commit upon one another and secures a peaceful coexistence for everyone. Only the state creates the security of law for all who live in it. Hobbes also warns us against quitting too lightly this condition of life in an established state or endangering it by entering into civil war: "I also show that the condition of Man outside civil society is that of a perpetual war of all against all." The book "Hobbes in 60 Minutes" explains, with the aid of some 70 important passages quoted from Hobbes's principal writings Leviathan and De Cive, the philosopher's key notion of "the state of Nature" and the famous theory of the state he developed as a proposal for transcending this state. The book is published as part of the popular series "Great Thinkers in 60 Minutes".

Hobbes En 60 Minutes

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Author : Walther Ziegler
language : fr
Publisher: BoD - Books on Demand
Release Date : 2021-03-05

Hobbes En 60 Minutes written by Walther Ziegler and has been published by BoD - Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-05 with Philosophy categories.

Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) est le fondateur de la théorie de l'État moderne. Il est devenu mondialement célèbre pour sa thèse selon laquelle l'homme n'est pas par nature un être pacifique ou social, mais poursuit avant tout, égoïstement, son propre bien-être. S'il n'y avait pas d'État, avec ses lois, ses juges, sa police, on en viendrait même à une « guerre de tous contre tous ». Non pas parce que les humains seraient méchants, mais parce qu'ils sont guidés par leur nature de prédateur : « L'homme est un loup pour l'homme. » Avec cette phrase souvent citée, Hobbes a fourni la première légitimation moderne de l'État. Celui-ci est nécessaire et dans l'intérêt de tous pour protéger les hommes entre eux contre la fraude, le vol et le crime et assurer une coexistence pacifique. Seul l'État assure la sûreté de droit pour tous. Hobbes nous met dès lors en garde de quitter la condition de l'État ou de le mettre en péril par la guerre civile : « Je montre tout d'abord que la condition des hommes hors de la société civile (...) n'est pas autre chose qu'une guerre de chacun contre chacun (...). » Sa pensée centrale est révolutionnaire et provocante à la fois : ce ne sont pas nos pulsions ou instincts naturels qui garantissent la coexistence, mais leur inhibition et leur limitation par l'État. A-t-il raison ? Ne serions-nous dès lors pas, sur le plan anthropologique, des êtres en quête d'amour, dotés d'un sens social, altruistes, mais plutôt des champions de la survie et des égoïstes avides de pouvoir ? Est-ce seulement la civilisation qui nous protège contre notre nature de loup et contre la guerre de tous contre tous ? Et si oui, à quoi nous sert une telle réflexion ? Assurément, la pensée de Hobbes n'a rien perdu de son caractère provocant. Le livre « Hobbes en 60 minutes » explique, à l'aide des 70 citations les plus connues de ses ouvrages principaux « Léviathan » et « De Cive », l'état de nature et sa célèbre théorie de l'État. Le livre est paru dans la série prisée « Les grands penseurs en 60 minutes ».

Great Thinkers In 60 Minutes Volume 3

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Author : Walther Ziegler
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2022-12-21

Great Thinkers In 60 Minutes Volume 3 written by Walther Ziegler and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-12-21 with Philosophy categories.

"Great Thinkers in 60 Minutes Volume 3" comprises the five books "Confucius in 60 Minutes", "Buddha in 60 Minutes", "Epicurus in 60 Minutes", "Descartes in 60 Minutes", and "Hobbes in 60 Minutes". Each short study sums up the key idea at the heart of each respective thinker and asks the question: "Of what use is this key idea to us today?" But above all the philosophers get to speak for themselves. Their most important statements are prominently presented, as direct quotations, in speech balloons with appropriate graphics, with exact indication of the source of each quote in the author's works. This light-hearted but nonetheless scholarly precise rendering of the ideas of each thinker makes it easy for the reader to acquaint him- or herself with the great questions of our lives. Because every philosopher who has achieved global fame has posed the "question of meaning": what is it that holds, at the most essential level, the world together? For Confucius it is the search for the Dao, for the right path that leads us human beings to one another. For the Buddha it is a radical liberation from our needs and the approach, through meditation, to Nirvana. For Epicurus, by contrast, the meaning of life consists in the letting-be of our pleasures and the imbeddedness of existence in our bodies. Descartes, for his part, considers thinking to be the decisive quality of Man, allowing him to explore and master the world. Hobbes, finally, sees the central element of meaning to consist in humans' peaceful coexistence thanks to the founding of states, i.e. in a political act. In other words, the meaning of the world and thus of our own lives remains, among philosophers, a topic of great controversy. One thing, though, is sure: each of these five thinkers struck, from his own perspective, one brilliant spark out of that complex crystal that is the truth.

Great Thinkers In 60 Minutes Volume 3

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Author : Walther Ziegler
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2023-01-11

Epicurus In 60 Minutes

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Author : Walther Ziegler
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2022-11-03

Epicurus In 60 Minutes written by Walther Ziegler and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-11-03 with Philosophy categories.

The philosopher Epicurus (341-270 BC) has been controversial since antiquity. His provocative key idea is of compelling simplicity. Every human being possesses, by nature, an internal compass. In order to be happy he must do what causes him pleasure and joy and avoid what causes him unpleasure and harm. He writes: "Pleasure is the starting point and goal of living blessedly [...] (It is) our first innate good, and [...] our starting point for every choice and avoidance." Already newborns follow this "pleasure principle". But this discovery, which might at first seem so obvious, struck Epicurus's contemporaries as a monstrous provocation. The notion that the highest goal of life is enjoying pleasure stands in stark contrast to the then-established teachings of Plato, Aristotle and the Stoics. These latter saw reason and a life lived by reason as the highest goal of Man. Because Epicurus accepted women into his school and even had a love affair with one of them, his contemporaries called him a "glutton" and "sex fiend". The Greek poet Timon described him as "doggish", the Stoic Epictetus as a "wastrel". Christian authors later even called him the Antichrist. But these critiques are fundamentally false, because beyond a superficial striving for pleasure, Epicurus's deeper concern was a lifelong, painstaking "care of the self". His questions, then, remain burningly relevant. What are the basic human needs whose satisfaction yields a happy life? Which needs are really necessary to life and which not? How, concretely, should we deal with these needs: for example with the need for food, drink, sexual intercourse and friendship? The book contains almost a hundred quotes from this charismatic ancient philosopher. It appears as part of the beloved series "Great Thinkers in 60 Minutes" which has now been translated worldwide into six languages.

Foucault In 60 Minutes

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Author : Walther Ziegler
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2021-03-08

Foucault In 60 Minutes written by Walther Ziegler and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-08 with Philosophy categories.

Foucault counts as one of the great Post-Structuralists. Already his book-titles -"History of Madness", "Discipline and Punish", "The Use of Pleasure", "The Order of Things" - show his entirely new way of looking at things. He is also one of those philosophers who have become more, not less, influential after their death. This should both please and worry us. It is pleasing that Foucault's key ideas have remained so vital and relevant but worrying also because the main one among these ideas is so disturbing. "Man is erased, like a face drawn in the sand": With this thesis of "the end of Man", Foucault does not mean that we are about to die out as a species, for example through climate change. He means only that Man as we have hitherto known him, as a free, self-determined being spontaneously enjoying his own pleasures, is vanishing. This "Man" is being dissolved into the discourses and structures of our "carceral society", in indeed just the way that a face drawn in the sand is dissolved by the incoming tide. In the 18th century there was invented a new circular prison which allowed the warder to observe all the prisoners from a single central point. This feeling of being always observed has, Foucault argues, become the model for our whole society. But Foucault shows us, besides the origin of the structures of our coercive society, also a certain model for a modern "art of living". What does this model look like? Is it still possible at all to break out, as a true individual, from this "coercive society"? Is Foucault right to universalize his "prison paradigm" and say that we all feel constantly observed? Of the disturbing present relevance of his thoughts, in any case, there can be no doubt. The most important of these thoughts are explained here using over 100 key quotes. The book appears as part of the popular series "Great Thinkers in 60 Minutes".

Confucius In 60 Minutes

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Author : Walther Ziegler
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2021-05-04

Confucius In 60 Minutes written by Walther Ziegler and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-05-04 with Philosophy categories.

Confucius (551 - 479 BC) is not only the most influential East Asian philosopher. His name is known around the world. Already 2500 years ago he posed the decisive question that still concerns us today: how do I find the "Dao", the right way in life? Whenever anyone begins a sentence with the words "Confucius says", people pay attention, expecting some timeless truth. But in fact his key idea is astonishingly up-to-the-minute. People, says Confucius, are naturally all equal. Therefore everyone, rich or poor, should have free access to culture and the chance to find his own "Dao". But how do I find my own way? Confucius's answer at first sounds simple. We must train our character, develop our best qualities, but at the same time always bear in mind other people's self-development. "What you do not wish for yourself, do not do to others," says Confucius. To live out co-humanity, or "ren", is for him the highest good. He knows, however, that we are not all saints. Thus, he remarks self-critically: "Conscientiously to perform all duties and not to be overcome by wine. What one of these things do I attain to?" All of us make mistakes while searching for the "Dao". We injure others, do not always tell the truth, or make bad decisions. The important thing is to learn from such mistakes. "To make a mistake and yet to not change your ways - this is what is called truly making a mistake." Confucius's thoughts also involve much wit and irony. The book "Confucius in 60 Minutes" Confucius's key idea and the fascinating lightness of his personality are presented using over 100 of his best quotes. The book is published worldwide as part of the popular series "Great Thinkers in 60 Minutes", now translated into 6 languages.

Buddha In 60 Minutes

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Author : Walther Ziegler
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2021-11-22

Buddha In 60 Minutes written by Walther Ziegler and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-22 with Philosophy categories.

The Buddha is renowned as the founder of one of the five world religions. This is all the more astonishing because he never claimed to be a prophet. Unlike Mohammed, Moses or Jesus he promises human beings no afterlife in Paradise. Nor does he have any stories of God or God's grace. He simply shows us how we can free ourselves, by our own efforts, from fear and attain to the experience of 'Nirvana'. His concern is Man's self-salvation. He formulates his key idea in the doctrine of the 'Four Noble Truths'. To live always means also to suffer, runs the first 'Noble Truth', because, says the Buddha: "Ageing is suffering, sickness is suffering, death is suffering, to be parted from loved ones is suffering..." The second truth then explains the causes of this suffering. These are, above all, our own wishes and needs for pleasure, youth, attractiveness, health, eternal life and happiness. If we succeeded in freeing ourselves from these things then, the Buddha's third Noble Truth runs, the suffering would end. The fourth Noble Truth, finally, describes the famous 'Eightfold Path' that we need to follow in order to achieve "liberation", "awakening" and "serenity" vis-à-vis our own needs. The book "Buddha in 60 Minutes" explains this fascinating doctrine in an easy-to-follow way, especially the key idea 'nirvana'. The Buddha, indeed, arrived at his Four Noble Truths and the nirvana experience only through meditation. But his doctrine can be grasped simply through reason. Are the Four Truths correct? Is the Eightfold Path one we can actually travel? Can the nirvana experience actually help us to achieve a redeeming serenity? Here, the Buddha's key ideas are explained using over a hundred of his most important quotations. The book appears as part of the popular series "Great Thinkers in 60 Minutes" which has now been translated worldwide into six languages.

Kafka In 60 Minutes

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Author : Walther Ziegler
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2022-08-31

Kafka In 60 Minutes written by Walther Ziegler and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-08-31 with Philosophy categories.

Kafka is surely the most widely read, worldwide, of all German-language authors. We owe to him not just a compelling part of the global literary heritage but also a profound philosophical discovery. He has succeeded in grasping like no other writer the radical dependency, for his very being, of Man upon Man: "(We) are tied together by ropes," writes Kafka, "and it's bad enough when the ropes around an individual loosen and he drops somewhat lower than the others into empty space; ghastly when the ropes break and he falls." His stories allow us profound insight into the abysmal depths of interpersonal relations and into their fundamental structure: an insight from which no one can turn away. Even if in our actual lives we do not find ourselves turned into a giant beetle or suddenly condemned to drowning by our own father, we somehow feel, as readers, the force of these excommunications. Kafka was fully aware of the cathartic effect of his books: "A book must be the axe for the frozen sea inside us". Here, Kafka's philosophical truth is revealed using five selected short stories, novellas and novels from his body of work. What does his protagonists' fate consist in? On what do they always founder and fail? Is there some recurrent or constant reason for this failure? How is it that we seem to recognize all this so well from our dreams or even our real experiences? Could it be that Kafka provides us, in the end, with a key to the understanding of the basic structure of interpersonal relations? The book contains over a hundred quotations from Kafka's best-known works. It appears as part of the popular series "Great Thinkers in 60 Minutes".

Descartes In 60 Minutes

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Author : Walther Ziegler
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2022-09-08

Descartes In 60 Minutes written by Walther Ziegler and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-09-08 with Philosophy categories.

The French thinker René Descartes is one of the best-known philosophers in the world. His brief dictum "I think, therefore I am" has become part of all humanity's cultural heritage. Just as Columbus discovered an unknown continent, the so-called "New World", Descartes succeeded in opening up a new dimension of knowledge and altering our view of reality. Prior to Descartes, people in the Christian West believed, for over a thousand years, in the Bible as testimony to God's revealed truth. Then came Descartes with the radical demand that knowledge had from then on to rely on a basis of absolute certainty: "It was always my most earnest desire to learn to distinguish the true from the false". He posed the fundamental question: how does one arrive at sure and certain knowledge? On what can I really rely? On what I see and hear? On thought and logic? Or perhaps on what I have learned from my earliest childhood on? His radical answer runs: on nothing at all! We must doubt absolutely everything! In his famous Meditations on First Philosophy Descartes describes his search for this absolutely certain knowledge. The result he arrives at: I can doubt anything and everything but in the moment of my doubting I cannot doubt that there is an "I" that thinks and doubts: "I think, therefore I am". Is thinking really the human trait that decides everything about us? Is there really nothing in the world except "thinking" within us and thoughtless, soulless bodies outside of us? Is it science's task to subjugate matter, plants and animals and even the human body itself? Descartes does more than just lay the ground for modern science. In a sense, his thought has become our destiny, both for good and for bad. The book appears as part of the well-loved series Great Thinkers in 60 Minutes which has now been translated worldwide into six languages.

Hobbes In 60 Minutes

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