Horizontal Inequality And Political Violence
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Horizontal Inequality And Political Violence
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Author : Aya Bseiso
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Horizontal Inequality And Political Violence written by Aya Bseiso and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
The Middle East and North Africa remains a region popularly categorized as a hotbed of conflict. In this thesis I attempt to breakdown popular and conventional sentiment of the political violence in the Middle East through an analysis of political and economic horizontal inequality in the region as a guiding force to instances of violence. Frances Stewarts (2009) introduces the concept of horizontal inequality defining it as distinct and salient group identities coinciding with enduring group-level inequalities. Stewart (2009) argues that horizontal inequality sheds light on unaddressed and underlying factors influencing conflict onset. A global, and regional analysis of data form Cederman et al. (2011) posits that the existence of horizontal inequality can increase the risk of civil war onset. However, in the Middle East and North Africa the relationship between horizontal inequality and civil war onset appears insignificant. Despite the existence of both documented horizontal inequality and violence in the region. Such a peculiar finding warrants an analysis on the earlier mechanisms of inequality and violence.The literature has primarily tested the link between horizontal inequality and violence. Yet, other mechanisms occur prior to incidences of violence, such as the attitudes of individuals within the group towards forms of collective action. I utilize the case of Palestine-Israel using micro-analysis survey data from Hillesund (2015) to further explore the impact of horizontal inequality on attitudes towards violence and non-violent collective action in the Arab context. The benefit of conducting an analysis on attitudes gives policy makers space to plan adequate interventions that address underlying group-grievances before they erupt into situations of violence.
Horizontal Inequalities And Conflict
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Author : F. Stewart
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-01-22
Horizontal Inequalities And Conflict written by F. Stewart and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-22 with Social Science categories.
Drawing on econometric evidence and in-depth studies of West Africa, Latin America and Southeast Asia, this book explores how horizontal inequalities - ethnic, religious or racial - are a source of violent conflict and how political, economic and cultural status inequalities have contributed. Policies to reverse inequality would reduce these risks.
Horizontal Inequalities Political Environment And Civil Conflict
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Author : Gudrun Østby
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2007
Horizontal Inequalities Political Environment And Civil Conflict written by Gudrun Østby and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Armed Conflict categories.
Several studies of civil war have concluded that economic inequality between individuals does not increase the risk of internal armed conflict. This is perhaps not so surprising. Even though an individual may feel frustrated if he is poor compared with other individuals in society, he will not start a rebellion on his own. Civil wars are organized group conflicts, not a matter of individuals randomly committing violence against each other. Hence, we should not neglect the group aspect of human well-being and conflict. Systematic inequalities that coincide with ethnic, religious, or geographical cleavages in a country are often referred to as horizontal inequalities (or inter-group inequalities). Case studies of particular countries as well as some statistical studies have found that such inequalities between identity groups tend to be associated with a higher risk of internal conflict. But the emergence of violent group mobilization in a country with sharp horizontal inequalities may depend on the characteristics of the political regime. For example, in an autocracy, grievances that stem from group inequalities are likely to be large and frequent, but state repression may prevent them from being openly expressed. This paper investigates the relationship between horizontal inequalities, political environment, and civil war in developing countries. Based on national survey data from 55 countries it calculates welfare inequalities between ethnic, religious, and regional groups for each country using indicators such as household assets and educational levels. All the inequality measures, particularly regional inequality, are positively associated with higher risks of conflict outbreak. And it seems that the conflict potential of regional inequality is stronger for pure democratic and intermediate regimes than for pure autocratic regimes. Institutional arrangements also seem to matter.
Horizontal Inequalities
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Author : Frances Stewart
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Horizontal Inequalities written by Frances Stewart and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Developing countries categories.
Horizontal Inequalities And Violent Conflict
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Author : Arnim Langer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Horizontal Inequalities And Violent Conflict written by Arnim Langer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Equality categories.
Horizontal Inequalities And Post Conflict Development
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Author : Frances Stewart
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-04-30
Horizontal Inequalities And Post Conflict Development written by Frances Stewart and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-30 with Political Science categories.
This book evaluates the extent to which post-conflict reconstruction has addressed problems of horizontal inequalities through country case studies on Burundi, Rwanda, Nepal, Peru, Guatemala, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Afghanistan, and four thematic studies on macro-economic policies, privatisation, PRSP's, and employment generation.
Inequality Grievances And Civil War
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Author : Lars-Erik Cederman
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2013-08-26
Inequality Grievances And Civil War written by Lars-Erik Cederman and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-26 with Political Science categories.
This book argues that political and economic inequalities following group lines generate grievances that in turn can motivate civil war. Lars-Erik Cederman, Kristian Skrede Gleditsch, and Halvard Buhaug offer a theoretical approach that highlights ethnonationalism and how the relationship between group identities and inequalities are fundamental for successful mobilization to resort to violence. Although previous research highlighted grievances as a key motivation for political violence, contemporary research on civil war has largely dismissed grievances as irrelevant, emphasizing instead the role of opportunities. This book shows that the alleged non-results for grievances in previous research stemmed primarily from atheoretical measures, typically based on individual data. The authors develop new indicators of political and economic exclusion at the group level, and show that these exert strong effects on the risk of civil war. They provide new analyses of the effects of transnational ethnic links and the duration of civil wars, and extended case discussions illustrating causal mechanisms.
Horizontal Inequalities Political Environment And Civil Conflict
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Author : Gudrun ??stby
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Horizontal Inequalities Political Environment And Civil Conflict written by Gudrun ??stby and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Several studies of civil war have concluded that economic inequality between individuals does not increase the risk of internal armed conflict. This is perhaps not so surprising. Even though an individual may feel frustrated if he is poor compared with other individuals in society, he will not start a rebellion on his own. Civil wars are organized group conflicts, not a matter of individuals randomly committing violence against each other. Hence, we should not neglect the group aspect of human well-being and conflict. Systematic inequalities that coincide with ethnic, religious, or geographical cleavages in a country are often referred to as horizontal inequalities (or inter-group inequalities). Case studies of particular countries as well as some statistical studies have found that such inequalities between identity groups tend to be associated with a higher risk of internal conflict. But the emergence of violent group mobilization in a country with sharp horizontal inequalities may depend on the characteristics of the political regime. For example, in an autocracy, grievances that stem from group inequalities are likely to be large and frequent, but state repression may prevent them from being openly expressed. This paper investigates the relationship between horizontal inequalities, political environment, and civil war in developing countries. Based on national survey data from 55 countries it calculates welfare inequalities between ethnic, religious, and regional groups for each country using indicators such as household assets and educational levels. All the inequality measures, particularly regional inequality, are positively associated with higher risks of conflict outbreak. And it seems that the conflict potential of regional inequality is stronger for pure democratic and intermediate regimes than for pure autocratic regimes. Institutional arrangements also seem to matter. In fact it seems that the conflict potential of horizontal inequalities increases with more inclusive electoral systems. Finally, the presence of both regional inequalities and political exclusion of minority groups seems to make countries particularly at risk for conflict. The main policy implication of these findings is that the combination of politically and economically inclusive government is required to secure peace in developing countries.
Democracy And Electoral Politics In Zambia
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2020-06-02
Democracy And Electoral Politics In Zambia written by and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-02 with Social Science categories.
Democracy and Electoral Politics in Zambia aims to comprehend the current dynamics of Zambia’s democracy and to understand what was specific about the 2015/2016 election experience. While elections have been central to understanding Zambian politics over the last decade, the coverage they have received in the academic literature has been sparse. This book aims to fill that gap and give a more holistic account of contemporary Zambian electoral dynamics, by providing innovative analysis of political parties, mobilization methods, the constitutional framework, the motivations behind voters’ choices and the adjudication of electoral disputes by the judiciary. This book draws on insights and interviews, public opinion data and innovative surveys that aim to tell a rich and nuanced story about Zambia’s recent electoral history from a variety of disciplinary approaches. Contributors include: Tinenenji Banda, Nicole Beardsworth, John Bwalya, Privilege Haang’andu, Erin Hern, Marja Hinfelaar, Dae Un Hong, O’Brien Kaaba, Robby Kapesa, Chanda Mfula, Jotham Momba, Biggie Joe Ndambwa, Muna Ndulo, Jeremy Seekings, Hangala Siachiwena, Sishuwa Sishuwa, Owen Sichone, Aaron Siwale, Michael Wahman.
Horizontal Inequalities Political Environment And Civil Conflict
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Author : Gudrun Ostby
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Horizontal Inequalities Political Environment And Civil Conflict written by Gudrun Ostby and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Several studies of civil war have concluded that economic inequality between individuals does not increase the risk of internal armed conflict. This is perhaps not so surprising. Even though an individual may feel frustrated if he is poor compared with other individuals in society, he will not start a rebellion on his own. Civil wars are organized group conflicts, not a matter of individuals randomly committing violence against each other. Hence, we should not neglect the group aspect of human well-being and conflict. Systematic inequalities that coincide with ethnic, religious, or geographical cleavages in a country are often referred to as horizontal inequalities (or inter-group inequalities). Case studies of particular countries as well as some statistical studies have found that such inequalities between identity groups tend to be associated with a higher risk of internal conflict. But the emergence of violent group mobilization in a country with sharp horizontal inequalities may depend on the characteristics of the political regime. For example, in an autocracy, grievances that stem from group inequalities are likely to be large and frequent, but state repression may prevent them from being openly expressed. This paper investigates the relationship between horizontal inequalities, political environment, and civil war in developing countries. Based on national survey data from 55 countries it calculates welfare inequalities between ethnic, religious, and regional groups for each country using indicators such as household assets and educational levels. All the inequality measures, particularly regional inequality, are positively associated with higher risks of conflict outbreak. And it seems that the conflict potential of regional inequality is stronger for pure democratic and intermediate regimes than for pure autocratic regimes. Institutional arrangements also seem to matter. In fact it seems that the conflict potential of horizontal inequalities increases with more inclusive electoral systems. Finally, the presence of both regional inequalities and political exclusion of minority groups seems to make countries particularly at risk for conflict. The main policy implication of these findings is that the combination of politically and economically inclusive government is required to secure peace in developing countries.