Host And Microbe Adaptations In The Evolution Of Immunity

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Host And Microbe Adaptations In The Evolution Of Immunity

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Author : Larry J. Dishaw
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2019-12-31

Host And Microbe Adaptations In The Evolution Of Immunity written by Larry J. Dishaw and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-31 with categories.

The evolution of metazoans has been accompanied by new interfaces with the microbial environment that include biological barriers and surveillance by specialized cell types. Increasingly complex organisms require increased capacities to confront pathogens, achieved by co-evolution of recognition mechanisms and regulatory pathways. Two distinct but interactive forms of immunity have evolved. Innate immunity, shared by all metazoans, is traditionally viewed as simple and non-specific. Adaptive immunity possesses the capacity to anticipate new infectious challenges and recall previous exposures; the most well-understood example of such a system, exhibited by lymphocytes of vertebrates, is based on somatic gene alterations that generate extraordinary specificity in discrimination of molecular structures. Our understanding of immune phylogeny over the past decades has tried to reconcile immunity from a vertebrate standpoint. While informative, such approaches cannot completely address the complex nature of selective pressures brought to bear by the complex microbiota (including pathogens) that co-exist with all metazoans. In recent years, comparative studies (and new technologies) have broadened our concepts of immunity from a systems-wide perspective. Unexpected findings, e.g., genetic expansions of innate receptors, high levels of polymorphism, RNA-based forms of generating diversity, adaptive evolution and functional divergence of gene families and the recognition of novel mediators of adaptive immunity, prompt us to reconsider the very nature of immunity. Even fundamental paradigms as to how the jawed vertebrate adaptive immune system should be structured for “optimal” recognition potential have been disrupted more than once (e.g., the discovery of the multicluster organization and germline joining of immunoglobulin genes in sharks, gene conversion as a mechanism of somatic diversification, absence of IgM or MHC II in certain teleost fishes). Mechanistically, concepts of innate immune memory, often referred to as “trained memory,” have been realized further, with the development of new discoveries in studies of epigenetic regulation of somatic lineages. Immune systems innovate and adapt in a taxon-specific manner, driven by the complexity of interactions with microbial symbionts (commensals, mutualists and pathogens). Immune systems are shaped by selective forces that reflect consequences of dynamic interactions with microbial environments as well as a capacity for rapid change that can be facilitated by genomic instabilities. We have learned that characterizing receptors and receptor interactions is not necessarily the most significant component in understanding the evolution of immunity. Rather, such a subject needs to be understood from a more global perspective and will necessitate re-consideration of the physical barriers that afford protection and the developmental processes that create them. By far, the most significant paradigm shifts in our understanding of immunity and the infection process has been that microbes no longer are considered to be an automatic cause or consequence of illness, but rather integral components of normal physiology and homeostasis. Immune phylogeny has been shaped not only by an arms race with pathogens but also perhaps by mutualistic interactions with resident microbes. This Research Topic updates and extends the previous eBook on Changing Views of the Evolution of Immunity and contains peer-reviewed submissions of original research, reviews and opinions.

Host Adaptation Virulence And Evolution

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Author : Javid Ahmad Parray
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2025-02-24

Host Adaptation Virulence And Evolution written by Javid Ahmad Parray and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-02-24 with Science categories.

Microbial Genomics: Host Adaptation, Virulence, and Evolution covers different aspects of microbial genomics, metagenomics, and functional studies of microbes that have provided a significant understanding of microbial-host interactions, virulence function, host adaptation mechanisms, including microbial evolution. Microbial Genomics: Host Adaptation, virulence, and Evolution is a comprehensive source on the latest updates and applications of microbial genomics information to understand the plant, microbe interaction, host adaptation, virulence nature of the infectious pathogen, microbial evolution, host-pathogen interactions contribute to shaping the genetic diversity of both organisms. Sections include an introduction to Microbial Genomics, followed by sections on Plant Microbiome, Genome Editing Prospecting and Approaches, Microbial virulanse and disease incidence. The final section of the book covers Microbial Genomics and evolutionary concepts. "Microbial Genomics: Host Adaptation, virulence, and Evolution" is a valuable resource for faculty members, researchers, and undergraduate and postgraduate students at universities, medical research labs, industries, and government agencies that are interested in the microbial science specific to the microbial genome, virulence function of pathogenic microbes, host adaptation, evolution of microbes, and all other disciplines related to molecular microbiology. - Presents the latest developments and progress on microbial genome and metagenome research and findings - Assesses the advancements in the study of microbial virulence gene function, adaptation, and infectious pathogen evolution - Provides insights about the progress and prospect of microbial genome editing

Microbial Evolution And Co Adaptation

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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2009-05-10

Microbial Evolution And Co Adaptation written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-05-10 with Science categories.

Dr. Joshua Lederberg - scientist, Nobel laureate, visionary thinker, and friend of the Forum on Microbial Threats - died on February 2, 2008. It was in his honor that the Institute of Medicine's Forum on Microbial Threats convened a public workshop on May 20-21, 2008, to examine Dr. Lederberg's scientific and policy contributions to the marketplace of ideas in the life sciences, medicine, and public policy. The resulting workshop summary, Microbial Evolution and Co-Adaptation, demonstrates the extent to which conceptual and technological developments have, within a few short years, advanced our collective understanding of the microbiome, microbial genetics, microbial communities, and microbe-host-environment interactions.

Interactions Of The Gut Microbiota And The Innate Immune System

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Author : Daniel Erny
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-04-19

Interactions Of The Gut Microbiota And The Innate Immune System written by Daniel Erny and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-04-19 with Science categories.

Cellular And Molecular Immunology E Book

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Author : Abul K. Abbas
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
Release Date : 2021-02-19

Cellular And Molecular Immunology E Book written by Abul K. Abbas and has been published by Elsevier Health Sciences this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-19 with Medical categories.

Well-written, readable, and superbly illustrated, Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 10th Edition, continues the tradition of excellence established through multiple editions of this bestselling text. Offering an unparalleled introduction to this complex field, it retains a practical, clinical focus while updating and revising all content to ensure clarity and comprehension, bringing readers fully up to date with new and emerging information in this challenging area. It's an ideal resource for medical, graduate, and undergraduate students, as well as a trusted reference for physicians and scientists. - Highlights the implications of immunologic science for the management of human disease, emphasizing clinical relevance throughout. - Employs a highly accessible writing style that makes difficult concepts easier to understand, and provides clear implications of immunologic science to the management of human disease and clinical practice. - Features updates from cover to cover, including new information on intracellular sensors of innate immunity, therapeutic use of monoclonal antibodies, regulation of migration events during T cell-B cell interactions, regulatory and transcriptional events in germinal center formation, immunology of infectious diseases including coronaviruses, human immunodeficiency disorders, and immunology of HIV. - Provides a highly visual, full-color description of the key immunologic and molecular processes with a fully updated, comprehensive, and consistent art program, including many new and extensively revised illustrations. - Helps readers grasp the details of experimental observations that form the basis for the science of immunology at the molecular, cellular, and whole-organism levels and draw the appropriate conclusions. - Includes summary boxes that assist with rapid review and mastery of key material. - Evolve Instructor site with an image and test bank is available to instructors through their Elsevier sales rep or via request at https://evolve.elsevier.com.

Mims Medical Microbiology And Immunology

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Author : Richard Goering
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
Release Date : 2018-02-27

Mims Medical Microbiology And Immunology written by Richard Goering and has been published by Elsevier Health Sciences this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-27 with Medical categories.

Learn all the microbiology and basic immunology concepts you need to know for your courses and exams. Now fully revised and updated, Mims' clinically relevant, systems-based approach and abundant colour illustrations make this complex subject easy to understand and remember. - Learn about infections in the context of major body systems and understand why these are environments in which microbes can establish themselves, flourish, and give rise to pathologic changes. This systems-based approach to microbiology employs integrated and case-based teaching that places the 'bug parade' into a clinical context. - Effectively review for problem-based courses with the help of chapter introductions and 'Lessons in Microbiology' text boxes that highlight the clinical relevance of the material, offer easy access to key concepts, and provide valuable review tools. - Approach microbiology by body system or by pathogen through the accompanying electronic 'Pathogen Parade' – a quickly searchable, cross-referenced glossary of viruses, bacteria and fungi - A new electronic 'Vaccine Parade' offers quick-reference coverage of the most commonly used vaccines in current clinical practice - Deepen your understanding of epidemiology and the important role it plays in providing evidence-based identification of key risk factors for disease and targets for preventative medicine. - Grasp and retain vital concepts easily, with a user-friendly colour coded format, succinct text, key concept boxes, and dynamic illustrations. - New and enhanced information reflects the growing importance of the human microbiota and latest molecular approaches - Access the complete contents on the go via the accompanying interactive eBook, with a range of bonus materials to enhance learning and retention – includes self-assessment materials and clinical cases to check your understanding and aid exam preparation.

Evolution Of Innate Immunity In Eukarya Advances And Implications

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Author : Jean L. Scholz
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-05-06

Evolution Of Innate Immunity In Eukarya Advances And Implications written by Jean L. Scholz and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-06 with Medical categories.

Mims Medical Microbiology E Book

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Author : Richard Goering
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
Release Date : 2023-12-20

Mims Medical Microbiology E Book written by Richard Goering and has been published by Elsevier Health Sciences this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-20 with Medical categories.

MIMS' Medical Microbiology and Immunology is loved internationally for its thorough yet easy-to-follow coverage of microbiology, infectious diseases, and immunology as a dynamic interplay between microbes and host. Covering the fundamentals of these closely linked disciplines, MIMS' takes a systems approach to elaborate on epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathogenesis, and diagnostic approaches, as well as treatment and infection control considerations, supplemented by case-based examples. Complex scientific and clinical concepts are explained clearly and simply with the help of illustrations and a range of accompanying online content. Students will come away with a deep understanding of topics and processes, and will return to this book for reference time and again. - Clear writing and easy-to-understand explanations – perfect for students learning to grasp the fundamentals of both microbiology and immunology - User-friendly format with colour coding, key concept boxes, and dynamic illustrations for easy navigation - Organised by body system – goes beyond the 'bug parade' to help you understand clinical context - Pathogen Parade (electronic supplement) – a quick cross-referenced glossary of viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi - Vaccine Parade (electronic supplement) – quick-reference coverage of the most commonly used vaccines in current clinical practice - Clinical cases and multiple-choice self-assessments (electronic supplement) support learning

Insect Immunity And Its Interactions With Microorganisms And Parasitoids

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Author : Fengliang Jin
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-12-18

Insect Immunity And Its Interactions With Microorganisms And Parasitoids written by Fengliang Jin and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-18 with Medical categories.

Insects are a group of abundant and diverse organisms that have successfully adapted to the most challenging conditions on earth. The success of insects in adverse environments indicates the advanced defense mechanisms employed by these organisms, but they are often targeted by specialized microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, nematodes, & fungi) and parasitoids. Insects exhibit both humoral and cellular immune responses against pathogens. The lack of an adaptive immune system has compelled insects to choose immediate non-specific but sophisticated responses that include the production of antimicrobial peptides, phenoloxidase, apoptosis, phagocytosis, encapsulation, and nodulation. In recent decades, technological advances have been made in decrypting the molecular and mechanistic basis of insect immunity. However, there is a need to understand the insect immune responses to single or mixed encounters. Future challenges include a better understanding of functional cooperation of various endosymbiotic microbes and their role in insect defenses. Post-transcriptional modulation of immune responses regulated by non-coding RNAs (microRNA & long non-coding RNAs) has become critically important to study by using modern bioinformatics and experimental tools. Therefore, investigating the dynamics of insect immune responses will substantially increase the capacity for confronting harmful agricultural and medical pests. Furthermore, most insect cellular immune activities have been conducted in a laboratory setting, therefore confirming the existing knowledge in a natural environment would provide crucial information.

Circuits Of Resident Immunity Regulating Tissue Adaptation And Organ Homeostasis

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Author : Christoph S. N. Klose
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-05-03

Circuits Of Resident Immunity Regulating Tissue Adaptation And Organ Homeostasis written by Christoph S. N. Klose and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-03 with Medical categories.