Evolution Of Innate Immunity In Eukarya Advances And Implications
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Evolution Of Innate Immunity In Eukarya Advances And Implications
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Author : Jean L. Scholz
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-05-06
Evolution Of Innate Immunity In Eukarya Advances And Implications written by Jean L. Scholz and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-06 with Medical categories.
Molecular Biology Of The Cell
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Molecular Biology Of The Cell written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Cells categories.
Crispr Cas Systems
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Author : Rodolphe Barrangou
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-13
Crispr Cas Systems written by Rodolphe Barrangou and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-13 with Science categories.
CRISPR/Cas is a recently described defense system that protects bacteria and archaea against invasion by mobile genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids. A wide spectrum of distinct CRISPR/Cas systems has been identified in at least half of the available prokaryotic genomes. On-going structural and functional analyses have resulted in a far greater insight into the functions and possible applications of these systems, although many secrets remain to be discovered. In this book, experts summarize the state of the art in this exciting field.
Recent Advances On Model Hosts
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Author : Eleftherios Mylonakis
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-12-01
Recent Advances On Model Hosts written by Eleftherios Mylonakis and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-12-01 with Science categories.
Most studies of bacterial or fungal infectious diseases focus separately on the pathogenic microbe, the host response, or the characterization of therapeutic compounds. Compartmentalization of pathogenesis-related research into an analysis of the “pathogen”, the “host,” or the “antimicrobial compound” has largely been dictated by the lack of model systems in which all of these approaches can be used simultaneously, as well as by the traditional view that microbiology, immunology, and chemical biology and pharmacology are separate disciplines. An increasing number of workers from different fields have turned to insects, fish, worms and other model hosts as facile, ethically expedient, relatively simple, and inexpensive hosts to model a variety of human infectious diseases and to study host responses and innate immunity. Because many of these hosts are genetically tractable, they can be used in conjunction with an appropriate pathogen to facilitate the discovery of novel features of the host innate immune response. This book provides a series of reports from the 1st International Conference on Model Hosts. This first of its kind meeting focused on invertebrate, vertebrate and amoeboid systems used for the study of host-pathogen interactions, virulence and immunity, as well as on the relevance of these pathogenesis systems and mammalian models. Importantly, a common, fundamental set of molecular mechanisms is employed by a significant number of microbial pathogens against a widely divergent array of metazoan hosts. Moreover, the evolutionarily conserved immune responses of these model hosts have contributed important insights to our understanding of the innate immune response of mammals. This book provides a series of reports from the 1st International Conference on Model Hosts. This first of its kind meeting focused on invertebrate, vertebrate and amoeboid systems used for the study of host-pathogen interactions, virulence and immunity, as well as on the relevance of these pathogenesis systems and mammalian models. Importantly, a common, fundamental set of molecular mechanisms is employed by a significant number of microbial pathogens against a widely divergent array of metazoan hosts. Moreover, the evolutionarily conserved immune responses of these model hosts have contributed important insights to our understanding of the innate immune response of mammals.
Viruses Essential Agents Of Life
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Author : Günther Witzany
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-11-13
Viruses Essential Agents Of Life written by Günther Witzany and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-11-13 with Science categories.
A renaissance of virus research is taking centre stage in biology. Empirical data from the last decade indicate the important roles of viruses, both in the evolution of all life and as symbionts of host organisms. There is increasing evidence that all cellular life is colonized by exogenous and/or endogenous viruses in a non-lytic but persistent lifestyle. Viruses and viral parts form the most numerous genetic matter on this planet.
Self And Nonself
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Author : Carlos López-Larrea
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-03-07
Self And Nonself written by Carlos López-Larrea and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-03-07 with Medical categories.
In 1960 Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet received the Noble Prize in Physiology and Medicine. He titled his Nobel Lecture “Immunological Recognition of Self” emphasizing the central argument of immunological tolerance in “How does the vertebrate organism recognize self from nonself in this the immunological sense—and how did the capacity evolve.” The concept of self is linked to the concept of biological self identity. All organisms, from bacteria to higher animals, possess recognition systems to defend themselves from nonself. Even in the context of the limited number of metazoan phyla that have been studied in detail, we can now describe many of the alternative mechanism of immune recognition that have emerged at varying points in phylogeny. Two different arms—the innate and adaptive immune system—have emerged at different moments in evolution, and they are conceptually different. The ultimate goals of immune biology include reconstructing the molecular networks underlying immune processes.
Advances In The Discovery Of Natural Molecules And Their Analogues Against Microbial Infection Related Biofilms
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Author : Laura Quintieri
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-12-29
Advances In The Discovery Of Natural Molecules And Their Analogues Against Microbial Infection Related Biofilms written by Laura Quintieri and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-12-29 with Science categories.
Evolution Of Antimicrobial Peptides
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Author : Piyush Baindara
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2024-11-21
Evolution Of Antimicrobial Peptides written by Piyush Baindara and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-11-21 with Medical categories.
Over the last century, antibiotics have been a primary treatment for infectious diseases, and indiscriminate use by both healthcare providers and patients has led to the rapid emergence of resistant pathogens. Multidrug-resistant pathogens and infective agents are an urgent threat to global health, and this issue has created a critical need for the investigation of alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as promising alternative therapeutics, with studies on their mechanisms and applications an area of intense interest in agricultural science, physiology, and medicine. AMPS are naturally occurring components of the host defense system, and functional throughout all orders of life, from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. They are potent molecules with broad spectrum activities against infectious agents, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. AMPs have demonstrated therapeutic potential against non-infectious diseases like chronic inflammation and cancer, and have been found to have potential activities against slow-growing bacteria, such as biofilms. This book summarizes the current available research on AMPs, including discovery, screening, and characterization, for therapeutic applications. It discusses molecular biology, proteomics, genomics, and bioinformatics approaches. In addition, it covers AMP classification and evolutionary studies, from prokaryotes to eukaryotes.
Host And Microbe Adaptations In The Evolution Of Immunity
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Author : Larry J. Dishaw
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2019-12-31
Host And Microbe Adaptations In The Evolution Of Immunity written by Larry J. Dishaw and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-31 with categories.
The evolution of metazoans has been accompanied by new interfaces with the microbial environment that include biological barriers and surveillance by specialized cell types. Increasingly complex organisms require increased capacities to confront pathogens, achieved by co-evolution of recognition mechanisms and regulatory pathways. Two distinct but interactive forms of immunity have evolved. Innate immunity, shared by all metazoans, is traditionally viewed as simple and non-specific. Adaptive immunity possesses the capacity to anticipate new infectious challenges and recall previous exposures; the most well-understood example of such a system, exhibited by lymphocytes of vertebrates, is based on somatic gene alterations that generate extraordinary specificity in discrimination of molecular structures. Our understanding of immune phylogeny over the past decades has tried to reconcile immunity from a vertebrate standpoint. While informative, such approaches cannot completely address the complex nature of selective pressures brought to bear by the complex microbiota (including pathogens) that co-exist with all metazoans. In recent years, comparative studies (and new technologies) have broadened our concepts of immunity from a systems-wide perspective. Unexpected findings, e.g., genetic expansions of innate receptors, high levels of polymorphism, RNA-based forms of generating diversity, adaptive evolution and functional divergence of gene families and the recognition of novel mediators of adaptive immunity, prompt us to reconsider the very nature of immunity. Even fundamental paradigms as to how the jawed vertebrate adaptive immune system should be structured for “optimal” recognition potential have been disrupted more than once (e.g., the discovery of the multicluster organization and germline joining of immunoglobulin genes in sharks, gene conversion as a mechanism of somatic diversification, absence of IgM or MHC II in certain teleost fishes). Mechanistically, concepts of innate immune memory, often referred to as “trained memory,” have been realized further, with the development of new discoveries in studies of epigenetic regulation of somatic lineages. Immune systems innovate and adapt in a taxon-specific manner, driven by the complexity of interactions with microbial symbionts (commensals, mutualists and pathogens). Immune systems are shaped by selective forces that reflect consequences of dynamic interactions with microbial environments as well as a capacity for rapid change that can be facilitated by genomic instabilities. We have learned that characterizing receptors and receptor interactions is not necessarily the most significant component in understanding the evolution of immunity. Rather, such a subject needs to be understood from a more global perspective and will necessitate re-consideration of the physical barriers that afford protection and the developmental processes that create them. By far, the most significant paradigm shifts in our understanding of immunity and the infection process has been that microbes no longer are considered to be an automatic cause or consequence of illness, but rather integral components of normal physiology and homeostasis. Immune phylogeny has been shaped not only by an arms race with pathogens but also perhaps by mutualistic interactions with resident microbes. This Research Topic updates and extends the previous eBook on Changing Views of the Evolution of Immunity and contains peer-reviewed submissions of original research, reviews and opinions.
Dna Replication Stress And Cell Fate
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Author : Lin Deng
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2021-12-30
Dna Replication Stress And Cell Fate written by Lin Deng and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-30 with Science categories.