Human Casualties In Earthquakes
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Human Casualties In Earthquakes
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Author : Robin Spence
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-01-03
Human Casualties In Earthquakes written by Robin Spence and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-01-03 with Nature categories.
Assessment of human casualties in earthquakes has become a topic of vital importance for national and urban authorities responsible for emergency provision, for the development of mitigation strategies and for the development of adequate insurance schemes. In the last few years important work has been carried out on a number of recent events (including earthquakes in Kocaeli, Turkey 1999, Niigata Japan, 2004, Sichuan, China 2008 and L'Aquila,Italy 2009). These events have created new and detailed casualty data, which has not until now been properly assembled and evaluated. This book draws the new evidence from recent events together with existing knowledge. It summarises current trends in the understanding of the factors influencing the numbers and types of casualties in earthquakes; it offers methods to incorporate this understanding into the estimation of losses in future events in different parts of the world; it discusses ways in which pre-event mitigation activity and post-event emergency management can reduce the toll of casualties in future events; and it identifies future research needs.
Estimating Fatality Rates For Earthquake Loss Models
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Author : Emily So
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-12-16
Estimating Fatality Rates For Earthquake Loss Models written by Emily So and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-12-16 with Nature categories.
This manuscript sets out a process for estimating fatalities in collapsed buildings due to ground shaking in an earthquake. The aim of this research is to supplement current earthquake loss estimation with fatality rates (percentage of occupants killed) for use in models which are based on recent empirical information on deaths from earthquakes. This document specifically explores the lethality potential to occupants of collapsed structures. Whilst earthquake casualty modeling has admittedly suffered from a lack of post-earthquake collection of data and rigour in assessing these data, recent earthquakes such as 2008 Wenchuan (China) and 2011 Christchurch (New Zealand) have brought to light some important findings. Under the auspices of US Geological Survey’s PAGER, empirical fatality data related to collapses of buildings from significant earthquakes in the past 40 years have been thoroughly examined. Through detailed investigations of fatal building collapses and the volume reductions within these buildings, important clues related to the lethality potential of different failure mechanisms of global modern and older construction types were found. The gathered evidence forms the basis of the derivation of a set of fatality rates for use in loss models. The set of judgment-based rates are for 31 global building types. This significant advancement in casualty modeling, the resolutions and quality of available data, the important assumptions made, and the final derivation of fatality rates are discussed here. This document contributes to global efforts to develop a way of estimating probable earthquake fatalities very rapidly after an earthquake has taken place. The fatality rates proposed here can be incorporated directly into earthquake loss estimation models where fatalities are derived from collapses of different types of buildings.
Earthquake Early Warning Systems
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Author : Paolo Gasparini
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-08-10
Earthquake Early Warning Systems written by Paolo Gasparini and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-08-10 with Science categories.
The book provides information on the major EEW systems in operation and on the state-of-the-art of the different blocks forming an EW system: the rapid detection and estimation of the earthquake’s focal parameters, the signal transmission, the engineering interface and the information reliability/false alarm problem. It is the first time that so many aspects of EEW systems have been specifically focused upon within a single book.
Statistical Analysis Of Natural Disasters And Related Losses
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Author : V.F. Pisarenko
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-09-11
Statistical Analysis Of Natural Disasters And Related Losses written by V.F. Pisarenko and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-11 with Nature categories.
The study of disaster statistics and disaster occurrence is a complicated interdisciplinary field involving the interplay of new theoretical findings from several scientific fields like mathematics, physics, and computer science. Statistical studies on the mode of occurrence of natural disasters largely rely on fundamental findings in the statistics of rare events, which were derived in the 20th century. With regard to natural disasters, it is not so much the fact that the importance of this problem for mankind was recognized during the last third of the 20th century - the myths one encounters in ancient civilizations show that the problem of disasters has always been recognized - rather, it is the fact that mankind now possesses the necessary theoretical and practical tools to effectively study natural disasters, which in turn supports effective, major practical measures to minimize their impact. All the above factors have resulted in considerable progress in natural disaster research. Substantial accrued material on natural disasters and the use of advanced recording techniques have opened new doors for empirical analysis. However, despite the considerable progress made, the situation is still far from ideal. Sufficiently complete catalogs of events are still not available for many types of disasters, and the methodological and even terminological bases of research need to be further developed and standardized. The present monograph summarizes recent advances in the field of disaster statistics, primarily focusing on the occurrence of disasters that can be described by distributions with heavy tails. These disasters typically occur on a very broad range of scales, the rare greatest events being capable of causing losses comparable to the total losses of all smaller disasters of the same type. Audience: This SpringerBrief will be a valuable resource for those working in the fields of natural disaster research, risk assessment and loss mitigation at regional and federal governing bodies and in the insurance business, as well as for a broad range of readers interested in problems concerning natural disasters and their effects on human life.
Earthquakes
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Author : Louis C. Pakiser
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008-09
Earthquakes written by Louis C. Pakiser and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-09 with categories.
One of the most frightening and destructive phenomena of nature that man experiences is a severe earthquake and its terrible after-effects. These unpredictable catastrophic movements of the Earth have caused a great number of human casualties and extensive property damage. Contents: Earthquakes in History; Locations of Earthquakes; Nature of Earthquakes; Measurement of Earthquakes; Prediction of Earthquakes; The Parkfield Earthquake Prediction Experiment; Volcanoes and Earthquakes. Illustrations and maps.
Earthquakes In Human History
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Author : Jelle Zeilinga de Boer
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2021-08-10
Earthquakes In Human History written by Jelle Zeilinga de Boer and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-08-10 with Nature categories.
On November 1, 1755--All Saints' Day--a massive earthquake struck Europe's Iberian Peninsula and destroyed the city of Lisbon. Churches collapsed upon thousands of worshippers celebrating the holy day. Earthquakes in Human History tells the story of that calamity and other epic earthquakes. The authors, Jelle Zeilinga de Boer and Donald Theodore Sanders, recapture the power of their previous book, Volcanoes in Human History. They vividly explain the geological processes responsible for earthquakes, and they describe how these events have had long-lasting aftereffects on human societies and cultures. Their accounts are enlivened with quotations from contemporary literature and from later reports. In the chaos following the Lisbon quake, government and church leaders vied for control. The Marquês de Pombal rose to power and became a virtual dictator. As a result, the Roman Catholic Jesuit Order lost much of its influence in Portugal. Voltaire wrote his satirical work Candide to refute the philosophy of "optimism," the belief that God had created a perfect world. And the 1755 earthquake sparked the search for a scientific understanding of natural disasters. Ranging from an examination of temblors mentioned in the Bible, to a richly detailed account of the 1906 catastrophe in San Francisco, to Japan's Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923, to the Peruvian earthquake in 1970 (the Western Hemisphere's greatest natural disaster), this book is an unequaled testament to a natural phenomenon that can be not only terrifying but also threatening to humankind's fragile existence, always at risk because of destructive powers beyond our control.
Top 10 Worst Earthquakes
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Author : Louise Spilsbury
language : en
Publisher: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc
Release Date : 2016-12-15
Top 10 Worst Earthquakes written by Louise Spilsbury and has been published by The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-12-15 with Juvenile Nonfiction categories.
Human society has adapted to environments across the globe, but sometimes nature still shakes up our world. Readers will investigate the science behind earthquakes as they count down the ten most catastrophic quakes in human history. Dramatic photographs will engage all readers, and the information-rich text smoothly incorporates STEM, geography, and history curricula. A concluding map pinpoints the location of each deadly quake, and thoughtful questions are included to encourage critical thinking skills. This high-interest, multi-subject volume is essential to any academic library.
Characterization Of Modern And Historical Seismic Tsunamic Events And Their Global Societal Impacts
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Author : Y. Dilek
language : en
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Release Date : 2021-06-22
Characterization Of Modern And Historical Seismic Tsunamic Events And Their Global Societal Impacts written by Y. Dilek and has been published by Geological Society of London this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-22 with Science categories.
Earthquakes and tsunamis are devastating geohazards with significant societal impacts. Most recent occurrences have shown that their impact on the stability of nations–societies and the world geopolitics is immense, potentially triggering a tipping point for a major downturn in the global economy. This Special Publication presents the most current information on the causes and effects of some of the modern and historical earthquake–tsunami events, and effective practices of risk assessment–disaster management, implemented by various governments, international organizations and intergovernmental agencies. Findings reported here show that the magnitude of human casualties and property loss resulting from earthquakes–tsunamis are highly variable around the globe, and that increased community, national and global resilience is significant to empower societal preparedness for such geohazards. It is clear that all stakeholders, including scientists, policymakers, governments, media and world organizations must work together to disseminate accurate, objective and timely information on geohazards, and to develop effective legislation for risk reduction and realistic hazard mitigation–management measures in our globally connected world of today.
Earthquake Disasters
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Author : Jiuping Xu
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2021-09-26
Earthquake Disasters written by Jiuping Xu and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-26 with Nature categories.
This book explores practices and approaches on pre-disaster prevention and post-disaster reconstruction for vulnerable countries and areas enhancing earthquake disaster resilience. Destructive earthquakes have frequently occurred in urban or rural areas around the world, causing severe damage on human societies. Pre-earthquake prevention and post-earthquake reconstruction effect the disaster resilience building and long-term development of the affected communities and areas. In recent years, researchers from around the world have made a lot of efforts to study on the theme ‘earthquake disaster prevention and reconstruction’. The chapters in this edited volume contribute to the literature of earthquake disaster research from scientific, social and institutional aspects. These interdisciplinary studies mainly focus on human and policy dimensions of earthquake disaster, such as earthquake risk mitigation, social-physical resilience building, resilience capability assessment, healthcare surge capacity, house reconstruction, the roles of schools, households, civil societies and public participation in earthquake disaster prevention and reconstruction. The authors come from several counties, including China, Bangladesh, Iran, New Zealand, Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom, Denmark, and Indonesia, covering the cases from those countries prone to earthquakes. These nine distinctive chapters have been elaborately selected and integrated from the international, ranked, peer-reviewed journal, Environmental Hazards.
Earthquakes Risk Detection Warning And Research
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Author : Peter Folger
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2010
Earthquakes Risk Detection Warning And Research written by Peter Folger and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
This report discusses the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP), a program under which the federal government supports efforts to assess and monitor earthquake hazards and risk in the United States. This report also discusses earthquake hazards and risk in the United States; federal programs that support earthquake monitoring; the U.S. capability to detect earthquakes and issue notifications and warnings; and federally supported research to improve the fundamental scientific understanding of earthquakes with a goal of reducing U.S. vulnerability.