Human Intellect And Cognitive Science
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Human Intellect And Cognitive Science
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Author : Morton Wagman
language : en
Publisher: Praeger
Release Date : 1996-02-28
Human Intellect And Cognitive Science written by Morton Wagman and has been published by Praeger this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-02-28 with Computers categories.
The advancement of knowledge concerning the complexities of human intellective processes can best be achieved by combining theory and research from the disciplines of cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence. Wagman explores various aspects of these disciplines to further his ideas. He examines the nature of the human intellect and proposes a theory of representation and intelligence that is applicable to human, computer, and animal cognition. He also evaluates theory and research concerned with structure and process in human reasoning and human problem solving. Several scientific discovery systems including BACON, FARENHEIT, and IDS are described in depth. The ability of these systems to emulate solutions to 10 types of scientific problems is examined. The capacity theory of language comprehension is also presented and extended to the domain of cognitive processes.
The General Unified Theory Of Intelligence
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Author : Morton Wagman
language : en
Publisher: Praeger
Release Date : 1997-02-19
The General Unified Theory Of Intelligence written by Morton Wagman and has been published by Praeger this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-02-19 with Computers categories.
The general unified theory of intelligence addresses the cognitive functions of thinking, reasoning, and problem solving. At an abstract level, this theory construes the intellective functions of humans and computers as, respectively, restricted and directed forms of the logic of implication. In other words, human intelligence operates according to production rules. Here, Wagman presents the central tenets and research elaboration of the general unified theory of intelligence that embraces both human and artifical intelligence across the cognitive domains of scientific discovery processes, inductive and deductive reasoning, and the mechanisms basic to analogical thinking and problem solving.
Cognitive Science And The Symbolic Operations Of Human And Artificial Intelligence
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Author : Morton Wagman
language : en
Publisher: Praeger
Release Date : 1997-09-30
Cognitive Science And The Symbolic Operations Of Human And Artificial Intelligence written by Morton Wagman and has been published by Praeger this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-09-30 with Computers categories.
This scholarly book presents and critically evaluates the outstanding contributions of both cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence to our understanding of the nature of intelligence and intelligent systems. Examining conceptual thought across the domains of reasoning and logic, language and analogy, and scientific discovery, Wagman compares human reasoning with computer reasoning. Of special interest to readers is the general critique of artificial intelligence research directed toward the ultimate objective of mapping and surpassing all of human knowledge. The first chapter examines the theoretical foundations of the logical approach to artificial intelligence and the centrality of declarative knowledge and the predicate calculus. The artifical intelligence system, CYC, is critically examined with respect to its avowed objective of matching or surpassing human intelligence. The second chapter focuses on the probabilistic contrast model of causal reasoning and underscores its significance as a mathematical conceptualization of human reasoning. In the third chapter, the ARCS (Analogical Retrieval by Constraint Satisfaction) system is discussed and its psychological validity is evaluated. In the fourth chapter, scientific heuristics characteristics of different developmental levels and differentially applied in the discovery spaces of hypotheses and experiments are analyzed in the context of the philosophy of science. The fifth chapter presents the logic, principles, and applications of PAULINE, a pragmatic language generation system and explains human language pragmatics.
Cognitive Science And Concepts Of Mind
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Author : Morton Wagman
language : en
Publisher: Praeger
Release Date : 1991-10-30
Cognitive Science And Concepts Of Mind written by Morton Wagman and has been published by Praeger this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991-10-30 with Computers categories.
Following the introductory chapter, each succeeding chapter focuses on a major component of cognition. Each cognitive component (logic, reasoning, problem solving, language, memory, learning, discovery) is analyzed from the perspectives of human intellect and artificial intelligence. The dual perspectives are then compared. The analyses and the comparisons take account of basic theory and describe contemporary research. The technical theory and research is considered against a broad background of intellectual history and psychological implication. This book is intended for anyone aware of the new intellectual paradigm and psychological challenge of artificial intelligence. It is written for the general reader, as well as for university students in cognitive science programs, artificial intelligence, psychology, and philosophy courses, and for professionals in these and related fields. --from preface.
Cognitive Science And The Mind Body Problem
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Author : Morton Wagman
language : en
Publisher: Praeger
Release Date : 1998-03-25
Cognitive Science And The Mind Body Problem written by Morton Wagman and has been published by Praeger this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-03-25 with Psychology categories.
A scholarly examination of the centrality of the mind-body problem within and across the science of cognition—from philosophy to psychology to artificial intelligence to neural science. Conceptions of the mind-body problem range from the heritage of Cartesianism to the identification of the circumscribed brain structures responsible for domain specific cognitive mechanisms. Neither narrowly technical nor philosophically vague, this is a structured and detailed account of advancing intellectual developments in theory, research, and knowledge illumined by the conceptual vicissitudes of the mind-body problem. This unique treatment will be of special interest to creative scholars in the disciplines of he sciences of cognition.
Cognitive Psychology And Artificial Intelligence
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Author : Morton Wagman
language : en
Publisher: Praeger
Release Date : 1993-02-28
Cognitive Psychology And Artificial Intelligence written by Morton Wagman and has been published by Praeger this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-02-28 with Computers categories.
The nature of cognition is examined by the methods of experimental cognitive psychology and the theoretical models of computational psychology. First explained is the nature and objectives of artificial intelligence, symbolic and connectionist paradigms, the architecture of cognition, and characteristics of a general theory of intelligence. Wagman then examines theory and research in human reasoning and reasoning systems. Experimental research in deductive and inductive reasoning, the nature of artificial intelligence reasoning systems, nonmonotonic and common-sense reasoning, and general types of reasoning in artificial intelligence are examined. Next the author examines the nature of human problem solving and problem-solving systems. Problem representation methods and their duplication by artificial intelligence is discussed at length. Concepts and research in human learning and learning systems are also reviewed, as are the nature of human expertise and expert systems. Major characteristics of expertise including deep knowledge, reasoning strategies, and pattern recognition are described and exemplified in research concerned with medical expertise. The nature of intelligence and intelligence systems is examined, and the physical symbol system hypothesis and its results are analyzed. The author covers an artificial intelligence system that emulates the cognitive processes in scientific discovery and its implications for human creativity.
What Makes Us Smart
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Author : Samuel Gershman
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2021-10-19
What Makes Us Smart written by Samuel Gershman and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-10-19 with Psychology categories.
How a computational framework can account for the successes and failures of human cognition At the heart of human intelligence rests a fundamental puzzle: How are we incredibly smart and stupid at the same time? No existing machine can match the power and flexibility of human perception, language, and reasoning. Yet, we routinely commit errors that reveal the failures of our thought processes. What Makes Us Smart makes sense of this paradox by arguing that our cognitive errors are not haphazard. Rather, they are the inevitable consequences of a brain optimized for efficient inference and decision making within the constraints of time, energy, and memory—in other words, data and resource limitations. Framing human intelligence in terms of these constraints, Samuel Gershman shows how a deeper computational logic underpins the “stupid” errors of human cognition. Embarking on a journey across psychology, neuroscience, computer science, linguistics, and economics, Gershman presents unifying principles that govern human intelligence. First, inductive bias: any system that makes inferences based on limited data must constrain its hypotheses in some way before observing data. Second, approximation bias: any system that makes inferences and decisions with limited resources must make approximations. Applying these principles to a range of computational errors made by humans, Gershman demonstrates that intelligent systems designed to meet these constraints yield characteristically human errors. Examining how humans make intelligent and maladaptive decisions, What Makes Us Smart delves into the successes and failures of cognition.
Language And Thought In Humans And Computers
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Author : Morton Wagman
language : en
Publisher: Praeger
Release Date : 1998-07-28
Language And Thought In Humans And Computers written by Morton Wagman and has been published by Praeger this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-07-28 with Computers categories.
A comprehensive analysis of current theory and research in the psychological, computational, and neural sciences elucidates the stuctures and processes of language and thought. Chapters discuss language comprehension and artificial intelligence, ARCS system for analogical retrieval, ACME model of analogical mapping, PAULINE, an artificial intelligence system for pragmatic language generation, a theory of understanding of spoken and written text, recent developments and effect of different modes of language representation on the efficiency of information processing. This book will be of interest to professionals and scholars in psychology, artificial intelligence, and cognitive science.
Genes Brains And Human Potential
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Author : Ken Richardson
language : en
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Release Date : 2017-03-21
Genes Brains And Human Potential written by Ken Richardson and has been published by Columbia University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-21 with Science categories.
For countless generations people have been told that their potential as humans is limited and fundamentally unequal. The social order, they have been assured, is arranged by powers beyond their control. More recently the appeal has been to biology, specifically the genes, brain sciences, the concept of intelligence, and powerful new technologies. Reinforced through the authority of science and a growing belief in bio-determinism, the ordering of the many for the benefit of a few has become more entrenched. Yet scientists are now waking up to the influence of ideology on research and its interpretation. In Genes, Brains, and Human Potential, Ken Richardson illustrates how the ideology of human intelligence has infiltrated genetics, brain sciences, and psychology, flourishing in the vagueness of basic concepts, a shallow nature-versus-nurture debate, and the overhyped claims of reductionists. He shows how ideology, more than pure science, has come to dominate our institutions, especially education, encouraging fatalism about the development of human intelligence among individuals and societies. Genes, Brains, and Human Potential goes much further: building on work being done in molecular biology, epigenetics, dynamical systems, evolution theory, and complexity theory, it maps a fresh understanding of intelligence and the development of human potential. Concluding with an upbeat message for human possibilities, this synthesis of diverse perspectives will engender new conversations among students, researchers, and other interested readers.
The Sciences Of Cognition
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Author : Morton Wagman
language : en
Publisher: Praeger
Release Date : 1995-03-30
The Sciences Of Cognition written by Morton Wagman and has been published by Praeger this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-03-30 with Computers categories.
Wagman presents a general, unified theory of artificial and human intelligence under which the nature of human reasoning, problem solving, analogical thinking, and scientific discovery is examined from theoretical, research and computational perspectives. The work analyzes foundational issues regarding the nature of intelligent systems and intelligence, and significant and current research in the area is discussed. This book will be of interest to scholars dealing with psychology, artificial intelligence and cognitive science.