Human Medical Experimentation
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Human Medical Experimentation
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Author : Frances R. Frankenburg MD
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Release Date : 2017-01-16
Human Medical Experimentation written by Frances R. Frankenburg MD and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-16 with Medical categories.
Intended for students and general readers alike, this encyclopedia covers the history of human medical experimentation, for better and worse, from the time of Hippocrates to the present. Thanks to medical experiments performed on human subjects, we now have vaccines against smallpox, rabies, and polio. Yet the advances that saved lives too often involved the exploitation of vulnerable populations. Covering the history of human medical experimentation from the time of Hippocrates to today, this work will introduce readers to the topic through a mixture of essays and ready-reference materials. The book covers the experiments themselves; the people, companies, and government agencies that carried them out; the relevant medical and sociopolitical background; and the legislation and other protective measures that arose as a result. The encyclopedia is divided chronologically into 6 periods: pre-19th century, the 19th century, the pre-World War II 20th century, the World War II era, the Cold War era, and the post-Cold War period to recent times. Each period begins with an introductory essay and ends with a bibliography. Alphabetically arranged entries in each section cover pertinent people, experiments, and topics. The volume is enriched throughout with a wealth of primary sources, such as physicians' descriptions of their experiments. Medical experiments are not just a thing of the past, and readers will also learn about questions and debates related to contemporary efforts to advance medical science.
For The Good Of Mankind
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Author : Vicki Oransky Wittenstein
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013-10
For The Good Of Mankind written by Vicki Oransky Wittenstein and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10 with Juvenile Nonfiction categories.
Experiment: A child is deliberately infected with the deadly smallpox disease without his parents' informed consent. Result: The world's first vaccine. Experiment: A slave woman is forced to undergo more than thirty operations without anesthesia. Result: The beginnings of modern gynecology. Incidents like these paved the way for crucial, lifesaving medical discoveries. But they also harmed and humiliated their test subjects, many of whom did not agree to the experiments in the first place. How do doctors balance the need to test new medicines and procedures with their ethical duty to protect the rights of human subjects? Take a harrowing journey through some of history's greatest medical advances?and its most horrifying medical atrocities?to discover how human suffering has gone hand in hand with medical advancement.
Subjected To Science
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Author : Susan E. Lederer
language : en
Publisher: JHU Press
Release Date : 1997-11-07
Subjected To Science written by Susan E. Lederer and has been published by JHU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-11-07 with History categories.
Susan Lederer provides the first full-length history of early biomedical research with human subjects. Lederer offers detailed accounts of experiments conducted on both healthy and unhealthy men, women, and children, during the period from 1890 to 1940, including yellow fever experiments, Udo Wile's "dental drill" experiments on insane patients, and Hideyo Noguchi's syphilis experiments.
Research On Human Subjects
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Author : Bernard Barber
language : en
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
Release Date : 1973-03-01
Research On Human Subjects written by Bernard Barber and has been published by Russell Sage Foundation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973-03-01 with Social Science categories.
How are human subjects treated in biomedical research? What are the expressed standards and self-reported behavior of biomedical researchers in regard to what has sometimes been called their "animal of necessity"? What are some of the determinants of the "strict" and "permissive" patterns which describe the standards and behavior of biomedical researchers? These are the important questions asked and answered in Research on Human Subjects. It is a book based on four years of intensive research. Two studies were completed, one on a nationally representative sample of biomedical research institutions, a second on a sample of 350 researchers who actually use human subjects. In their chapters on "the dilemma of science and therapy," the authors look at the tension between the values of humane therapy and discovery in science. They show that the significant minority of researchers who are "permissive" on the issues of informed consent and a favorable risk-benefit ratio are more likely to be those who are "relative failures" in pursuing the science value. Research on Human Subjects also documents the inadequate training that biomedical researchers get in the ethics of research on human subjects not only in medical schools but in their postgraduate training as well. The medical schools pay relatively more attention to the scientific training of their students than they do to the ethical training that should be its essential complement. The local peer review groups that screen research on human subjects in the institutions where it is carried on are another central focus of attention of the research and analysis reported in this book. The peer review groups do a fairly good job but, the authors show, there are various conditions of their relative efficacy which are not met by review groups in many important research institutions. The medical school review groups, for example, have not been outstanding performers with respect to the several conditions of relative efficacy. In the concluding chapter, the authors discuss the general problem of the social responsibilities of powerful professions and make very specific suggestions for policy change and reform for the biomedical research profession and its use of human subjects.
Experimentation With Human Subjects
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Author : Paul Abraham Freund
language : en
Publisher: George Braziller
Release Date : 1970
Experimentation With Human Subjects written by Paul Abraham Freund and has been published by George Braziller this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1970 with Medical categories.
Most of the essays appeared in the spring 1969 issue of Dædalus.
The Arctic Aeromedical Laboratory S Thyroid Function Study
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1996-01-26
The Arctic Aeromedical Laboratory S Thyroid Function Study written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-01-26 with Medical categories.
During the 1950s, with the Cold War looming, military planners sought to know more about how to keep fighting forces fit and capable in the harsh Alaskan environment. In 1956 and 1957, the U.S. Air Force's former Arctic Aeromedical Laboratory conducted a study of the role of the thyroid in human acclimatization to cold. To measure thyroid function under various conditions, the researchers administered a radioactive medical trace, Iodine-131, to Alaska Natives and white military personnel; based on the study results, the researchers determined that the thyroid did not play a significant role in human acclimatization to cold. When this study of thyroid function was revisited at a 1993 conference on the Cold War legacy in the Arctic, serious questions were raised about the appropriateness of the activityâ€"whether it posed risks to the people involved and whether the research had been conducted within the bounds of accepted guidelines for research using human participants. In particular, there was concern over the relatively large proportion of Alaska Natives used as subjects and whether they understood the nature of the study. This book evaluates the research in detail, looking at both the possible health effects of Iodine-131 administration in humans and the ethics of human subjects research. This book presents conclusions and recommendations and is a significant addition to the nation's current reevaluation of human radiation experiments conducted during the Cold War.
For The Good Of Mankind
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Author : Vicki Oransky Wittenstein
language : en
Publisher: Twenty-First Century Books
Release Date : 2013-08-01
For The Good Of Mankind written by Vicki Oransky Wittenstein and has been published by Twenty-First Century Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-01 with Young Adult Nonfiction categories.
Experiment: A child is deliberately infected with the deadly smallpox disease without his parents' informed consent. Result: The world's first vaccine. Experiment: A slave woman is forced to undergo more than thirty operations without anesthesia. Result: The beginnings of modern gynecology. Incidents like these paved the way for crucial, lifesaving medical discoveries. But they also harmed and humiliated their test subjects. How do doctors balance the need to test new medicines and procedures with their ethical duty to protect the rights of humans? Take a journey through some of history's greatest medical advances—and its most horrifying medical atrocities—to discover how human suffering has gone hand in hand with medical advancement.
Experimentation With Human Beings
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Author : Jay Katz
language : en
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
Release Date : 1972-07-24
Experimentation With Human Beings written by Jay Katz and has been published by Russell Sage Foundation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1972-07-24 with Psychology categories.
In recent years, increasing concern has been voiced about the nature and extent of human experimentation and its impact on the investigator, subject, science, and society. This casebook represents the first attempt to provide comprehensive materials for studying the human experimentation process. Through case studies from medicine, biology, psychology, sociology, and law—as well as evaluative materials from many other disciplines—Dr. Katz examines the problems raised by human experimentation from the vantage points of each of its major participants—investigator, subject, professions, and state. He analyzes what kinds of authority should be delegated to these participants in the formulation, administration, and review of the human experimentation process. Alternative proposals, from allowing investigators a completely free hand to imposing centralized governmental control, are examined from both theoretical and practical perspectives. The conceptual framework of Experimentation with Human Beings is designed to facilitate not only the analysis of such concepts as "harm," "benefit," and "informed consent," but also the exploration of the problems raised by man's quest for knowledge and mastery, his willingness to risk human life, and his readiness to delegate authority to professionals and rely on their judgment.
Dangerous Medicine
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Author : Sydney A. Halpern
language : en
Publisher: Yale University Press
Release Date : 2021-11-23
Dangerous Medicine written by Sydney A. Halpern and has been published by Yale University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-23 with Medical categories.
The untold history of America’s mid-twentieth-century program of hepatitis infection research, its scientists’ aspirations, and the damage the project caused human subjects From 1942 through 1972, American biomedical researchers deliberately infected people with hepatitis. Government-sponsored researchers were attempting to discover the basic features of the disease and the viruses causing it, and to develop interventions that would quell recurring outbreaks. Drawing from extensive archival research and in-person interviews, Sydney Halpern traces the hepatitis program from its origins in World War II through its expansion during the initial Cold War years, to its demise in the early 1970s amid an outcry over research abuse. The subjects in hepatitis studies were members of stigmatized groups—conscientious objectors, prison inmates, the mentally ill, and developmentally disabled adults and children. The book reveals how researchers invoked military and scientific imperatives and the rhetoric of a common good to win support for the experiments and access to recruits. Halpern examines the participants’ long-term health consequences and raises troubling questions about hazardous human experiments aimed at controlling today’s epidemic diseases.
Undue Risk
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Author : Jonathan D. Moreno
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2001
Undue Risk written by Jonathan D. Moreno and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Biological warfare categories.
Exploring the history of the use of human subjects in atomic, biological, and chemical warfare by the U. S. Government, the author reveals details and exposes policies and specific cases on this practice.