Human Rights Activism And The End Of The Cold War
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Human Rights Activism And The End Of The Cold War
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Author : Sarah B. Snyder
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2011-06-20
Human Rights Activism And The End Of The Cold War written by Sarah B. Snyder and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-20 with Political Science categories.
Two of the most pressing questions facing international historians today are how and why the Cold War ended. Human Rights Activism and the End of the Cold War explores how, in the aftermath of the signing of the Helsinki Final Act in 1975, a transnational network of activists committed to human rights in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe made the topic a central element in East-West diplomacy. As a result, human rights eventually became an important element of Cold War diplomacy and a central component of détente. Sarah B. Snyder demonstrates how this network influenced both Western and Eastern governments to pursue policies that fostered the rise of organized dissent in Eastern Europe, freedom of movement for East Germans and improved human rights practices in the Soviet Union - all factors in the end of the Cold War.
From Selma To Moscow
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Author : Sarah B. Snyder
language : en
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Release Date : 2018-04-24
From Selma To Moscow written by Sarah B. Snyder and has been published by Columbia University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-04-24 with History categories.
The 1960s marked a transformation of human rights activism in the United States. At a time of increased concern for the rights of their fellow citizens—civil and political rights, as well as the social and economic rights that Great Society programs sought to secure—many Americans saw inconsistencies between domestic and foreign policy and advocated for a new approach. The activism that arose from the upheavals of the 1960s fundamentally altered U.S. foreign policy—yet previous accounts have often overlooked its crucial role. In From Selma to Moscow, Sarah B. Snyder traces the influence of human rights activists and advances a new interpretation of U.S. foreign policy in the “long 1960s.” She shows how transnational connections and social movements spurred American activism that achieved legislation that curbed military and economic assistance to repressive governments, created institutions to monitor human rights around the world, and enshrined human rights in U.S. foreign policy making for years to come. Snyder analyzes how Americans responded to repression in the Soviet Union, racial discrimination in Southern Rhodesia, authoritarianism in South Korea, and coups in Greece and Chile. By highlighting the importance of nonstate and lower-level actors, Snyder shows how this activism established the networks and tactics critical to the institutionalization of human rights. A major work of international and transnational history, From Selma to Moscow reshapes our understanding of the role of human rights activism in transforming U.S. foreign policy in the 1960s and 1970s and highlights timely lessons for those seeking to promote a policy agenda resisted by the White House.
The Csce And The End Of The Cold War
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Author : Nicolas Badalassi
language : en
Publisher: Berghahn Books
Release Date : 2018-11-16
The Csce And The End Of The Cold War written by Nicolas Badalassi and has been published by Berghahn Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-16 with History categories.
From its inception, the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) provoked controversy. Today it is widely regarded as having contributed to the end of the Cold War. Bringing together new and innovative research on the CSCE, this volume explores questions key to understanding the Cold War: What role did diplomats play in shaping the 1975 Helsinki Final Act? How did that agreement and the CSCE more broadly shape societies in Europe and North America? And how did the CSCE and activists inspired by the Helsinki Final Act influence the end of the Cold War?
Counting The Dead
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Author : Winifred Tate
language : en
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Release Date : 2007-10-09
Counting The Dead written by Winifred Tate and has been published by Univ of California Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-10-09 with History categories.
Explores how the idea of human rights is actually employed by activists and human rights professionals. Tate, an anthropologist and activist with extensive experience in Colombia, finds that radically different ideas about human rights have shaped three groups of human rights professionals working there--nongovernmental activists, state representatives, and military officers. From publisher description.
Human Rights In American Foreign Policy
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Author : Joe Renouard
language : en
Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press
Release Date : 2016
Human Rights In American Foreign Policy written by Joe Renouard and has been published by University of Pennsylvania Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Political Science categories.
Global in scope and ambitious in scale, Human Rights in American Foreign Policy examines American responses to a broad array of human rights violations.
Freedom On The Offensive
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Author : William Michael Schmidli
language : en
Publisher: Cornell University Press
Release Date : 2022-09-15
Freedom On The Offensive written by William Michael Schmidli and has been published by Cornell University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-09-15 with History categories.
In Freedom on the Offensive, William Michael Schmidli illuminates how the Reagan administration's embrace of democracy promotion was a defining development in US foreign relations in the late twentieth century. Reagan used democracy promotion to refashion the bipartisan Cold War consensus that had collapsed in the late 1960s amid opposition to the Vietnam War. Over the course of the 1980s, the initiative led to a greater institutionalization of human rights—narrowly defined to include political rights and civil liberties and to exclude social and economic rights—as a US foreign policy priority. Democracy promotion thus served to legitimize a distinctive form of US interventionism and to underpin the Reagan administration's aggressive Cold War foreign policies. Drawing on newly available archival materials, and featuring a range of perspectives from top-level policymakers and politicians to grassroots activists and militants, this study makes a defining contribution to our understanding of human rights ideas and the projection of American power during the final decade of the Cold War. Using Reagan's undeclared war on Nicaragua as a case study in US interventionism, Freedom on the Offensive explores how democracy promotion emerged as the centerpiece of an increasingly robust US human rights agenda. Yet, this initiative also became intertwined with deeply undemocratic practices that misled the American people, violated US law, and contributed to immense human and material destruction. Pursued through civil society or low-cost military interventions and rooted in the neoliberal imperatives of US-led globalization, Reagan's democracy promotion initiative had major implications for post–Cold War US foreign policy.
The Helsinki Effect
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Author : Daniel C. Thomas
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2018-06-05
The Helsinki Effect written by Daniel C. Thomas and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-05 with Political Science categories.
Human rights norms do matter. Those established by the Helsinki Final Act contributed directly to the demise of communism in the former East bloc, contends Daniel Thomas. This book counters those skeptics who doubt that such international norms substantially affect domestic political change, while explaining why, when, and how they matter most. Thomas argues that the Final Act, signed in 1975, transformed the agenda of East-West relations and provided a common platform around which opposition forces could mobilize. Without downplaying other factors, Thomas shows that the norms established at Helsinki undermined the viability of one-party Communist rule and thereby contributed significantly to the largely peaceful and democratic changes of 1989, as well as the end of the Cold War. Drawing on both governmental and nongovernmental sources, he offers a powerful Constructivist alternative to Realist theory's failure to anticipate or explain these crucial events. This study will fundamentally influence ongoing debates about the politics of international institutions, the socialization of states, the spread of democracy, and, not least, about the balance of factors that felled the Iron Curtain. It casts new light on Solidarity, Charter 77, and other democratic movements in Eastern Europe, the sources of Gorbachev's reforms, the evolution of the European Union, U.S. foreign policy, and East-West relations in the final decades of the Cold War. The Helsinki Effect will be essential reading for scholars and students of international relations, international law, European politics, human rights, and social movements.
Aid Imperium
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Author : Salvador Santino Fulo Regilme
language : en
Publisher: University of Michigan Press
Release Date : 2023-01-10
Aid Imperium written by Salvador Santino Fulo Regilme and has been published by University of Michigan Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-01-10 with Political Science categories.
How US foreign policy affects state repression
The Ambivalence Of Good
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Author : Jan Eckel
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2019-04-11
The Ambivalence Of Good written by Jan Eckel and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-11 with History categories.
The Ambivalence of Good examines the genesis and evolution of international human rights politics since the 1940s. Focusing on key developments such as the shaping of the UN human rights system, decolonization, the rise of Amnesty International, the campaigns against the Pinochet dictatorship, the moral politics of Western governments, or dissidence in Eastern Europe, the book traces how human rights profoundly, if subtly, transformed global affairs. Moving beyond monocausal explanations and narratives prioritizing one particular decade, such as the 1940s or the 1970s, The Ambivalence of Good argues that we need a complex and nuanced interpretation if we want to understand the truly global reach of human rights, and account for the hopes, conflicts, and interventions to which this idea gave rise. Thus, it portrays the story of human rights as polycentric, demonstrating how actors in various locales imbued them with widely different meanings, arguing that the political field evolved in a fitful and discontinuous process. This process was shaped by consequential shifts that emerged from the search for a new world order during the Second World War, decolonization, the desire to introduce a new political morality into world affairs during the 1970s, and the visions of a peaceful international order after the end of the Cold War. Finally, the book stresses that the projects pursued in the name of human rights nonetheless proved highly ambivalent. Self-interest was as strong a driving force as was the desire to help people in need, and while international campaigns often improved the fate of the persecuted, they were equally likely to have counterproductive effects. The Ambivalence of Good provides the first research-based synopsis of the topic and one of the first synthetic studies of a transnational political field (such as population, health, or the environment) during the twentieth century. Based on archival research in six countries, it breaks new empirical ground concerning the history of human rights in the United Nations, of human rights NGOs, of far-flung mobilizations, and of the uses of human rights in state foreign policy.
Human Rights In Europe During The Cold War
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Author : Rasmus Mariager
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-06-05
Human Rights In Europe During The Cold War written by Rasmus Mariager and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-05 with History categories.
This book provides an overview of the establishment, dispersion and effects of human rights in Europe during the Cold War. The struggle for human rights did not begin at the end of the Second World War. For centuries, political associations, religious societies and individuals had been fighting for political freedom, religious tolerance, freedom of expression, freedom of thought and the right to participate in politics. However, the world was awakened by the atrocities of the Second World War and the idea that every person should have certain perpetual and inalienable rights was set out in The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) from 1948, which contained an enumeration of international human rights standards. Adopting an interpretative framework which pulls together universal ideas, values and principles of human rights, Human Rights in Europe during the Cold War demonstrates how conflicting interests collided when the exact meaning of human rights was established. It also discusses various approaches to the idea of imposing respect for human rights in countries where they were systematically violated and assesses the outcome of international accords on human rights, in particular the 1975 Helsinki Final Act. In conclusion, this volume proposes that human rights functioned as moral support to the opposition in repressive regimes and that this was subsequently used as a tool to further system changes. Based on new archival research, this book will be of much interest to students of Cold War studies, human rights, European history, international law and IR in general.