Human Rights In Europe During The Cold War
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Human Rights In Europe During The Cold War
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Author : Rasmus Mariager
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-06-05
Human Rights In Europe During The Cold War written by Rasmus Mariager and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-05 with History categories.
This book provides an overview of the establishment, dispersion and effects of human rights in Europe during the Cold War. The struggle for human rights did not begin at the end of the Second World War. For centuries, political associations, religious societies and individuals had been fighting for political freedom, religious tolerance, freedom of expression, freedom of thought and the right to participate in politics. However, the world was awakened by the atrocities of the Second World War and the idea that every person should have certain perpetual and inalienable rights was set out in The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) from 1948, which contained an enumeration of international human rights standards. Adopting an interpretative framework which pulls together universal ideas, values and principles of human rights, Human Rights in Europe during the Cold War demonstrates how conflicting interests collided when the exact meaning of human rights was established. It also discusses various approaches to the idea of imposing respect for human rights in countries where they were systematically violated and assesses the outcome of international accords on human rights, in particular the 1975 Helsinki Final Act. In conclusion, this volume proposes that human rights functioned as moral support to the opposition in repressive regimes and that this was subsequently used as a tool to further system changes. Based on new archival research, this book will be of much interest to students of Cold War studies, human rights, European history, international law and IR in general.
The European Court Of Human Rights In The Post Cold War Era
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Author : James A. Sweeney
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-01-17
The European Court Of Human Rights In The Post Cold War Era written by James A. Sweeney and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-17 with Law categories.
The European Court of Human Rights in the Post-Cold War Era: Universality in Transition examines transitional justice from the perspective of its impact on the universality of human rights, taking the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights as its detailed case study. The problem is twofold: there are questions about differences in human rights standards between transitional and non-transitional situations, and about differences between transitions. The European Court has been a vital part of European democratic consolidation and integration for over half a century, setting meaningful standards and offering legal remedies to the individually repressed, the politically vulnerable, and the socially excluded. After their emancipation from Soviet influence in the 1990s, and with membership of the European Union in mind for many, the new democracies of Central and Eastern Europe flocked to the Convention system. The voluminous jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights can now give us some clear information about how an international human rights law regime can interact with transitional justice. The jurisprudence is divided between those cases concerning the human rights implications of explicitly transitional policies (such as lustration), and those that involve impacts upon specific democratic rights during the transition. The book presents a close examination of claims by states that transitional policies and priorities require a level of deference from the Strasbourg institutions. The book proposes that states’ claims for leeway from international human rights supervisory mechanisms during times of transition can be characterised not as arguments for cultural relativism, but for ‘transitional relativism’.
Human Rights In European Politics
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Author : Christopher Selbach
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2007-08-24
Human Rights In European Politics written by Christopher Selbach and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-08-24 with categories.
Essay from the year 2001 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Topic: International Organisations, grade: 1.3 (A), University of Leeds (POLIS), 30 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Europe has got a long tradition of human rights. Actually, the idea of "the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family" as laid down in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of the United Nations is said to have its historic origins in ancient Greek philosophy and Roman law. The first official declarations of human rights, starting with the English Bill of Rights of 1688, all stand in this tradition. Hence, it is not far-fetched when Europeans see themselves as defenders of human rights principles on the international scene. Especially the European Union′s self-perception has moved in this direction. With the end of the Cold War, the right time seems to have come for politics that increasingly take into account, defend and even fight for such values: the war of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation with Yugoslavia is only one example of this tendency. But it is a good example, because the "humanitarian catastrophe" that was triggered by Western air-strikes also highlights the fact that the "new Europe" is far from being an examplary place where human rights are widely respected. The essay examines in a critical way the extent to which politics in the pre-9/11 "new Europe" were actually characterised by human rights principles. The foundations of these principles in the "old Europe" will be considered, as well as the double challenge to politics brought about by the fall of the Berlin wall and how this challenge has been met in the 1990s by political institutions (EU's internal and external human rights policies, NATO). The essay concludes with a discussion of the universality claim of human rights in an Western-dominated and internationalised world. The essay critically reviews facts and fiction
The Human Rights Breakthrough Of The 1970s
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Author : Sara Lorenzini
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2021-12-16
The Human Rights Breakthrough Of The 1970s written by Sara Lorenzini and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-16 with History categories.
During the 1970s human rights took the front stage in international relations; fuelling political debates, social activism and a reconceptualising of both East-West and North-South relations. Nowhere was the debate on human rights more intense than in Western Europe, where human rights discourses intertwined the Cold War and the European Convention on Human Rights, the legacies of European empires, and the construction of national welfare systems. Over time, the European Community (EC) began incorporating human rights into its international activity, with the ambitious political will to prove that the Community was a global “civilian power.” This book brings together the growing scholarship on human rights during the 1970s, the history of European integration and the study of Western European supranational cooperation. Examining the role of human rights in EC activities in Latin America, Africa, the Mediterranean, Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, The Human Rights Breakthrough of the 1970s seeks to verify whether a specifically European approach to human rights existed, and asks whether there was a distinctive 'European voice' in the human rights surge of the 1970s.
Human Rights And Security
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Author : Vojtech Mastny
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2020-01-29
Human Rights And Security written by Vojtech Mastny and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-29 with Political Science categories.
Inquiries into the relationship between security and human rights are of very recent vintage. They have long been hampered by political scientists' predilection for political "realism." From that perspective, there seemed little doubt that power comes first and any human rights but a poor second. As wishful thinking turned into reality during the Eastern European revolutions of 1989, the limitations of such shortsighted realism became apparent. This book examines the causes and consequences of the emerging new relationship between security and human rights. It is divided into two parts, which deal respectively with security and human rights and their relationship to states and societies. What is the theoretical linkage between security and human rights? How has this linkage evolved within the context of East-West relations? What was the particular role of the Helsinki process in shaping this evolution? How do these issues affect the difficult transition from dictatorship to pluralism in countries facing the challenge of ethnic, economic, and social dislocation? The contributors to this volume seek to deepen our understanding of the forces that brought about the collapse of communism in Europe, and they explore the broader implications of change for the emerging post-cold war international order.
The Soviet Union And The Csce How Human Rights Helped End The Cold War
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Author : Annalena Schäfer
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2016-12-14
The Soviet Union And The Csce How Human Rights Helped End The Cold War written by Annalena Schäfer and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-12-14 with History categories.
Essay from the year 2013 in the subject World History - Modern History, grade: 1,7, University of Siegen (Neue Geschichte), course: Human Right as Political Argument after World War II, language: English, abstract: This essay will deal with the question of wether and how the concept of human rights has led to changes in Soviet policies and to the end of the „Cold War“. A special focus will be on the work of the CSCE (Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europea) and non-governmental groups (further revered to as NGOs). After World War II, national leaders had learned that international regimes were not just a domestic matter but could themselves become a menace to world peace. Although, while many human rights are, as Louise Shelley has pointed out, a Western concept and not encouraged or institutionalized by many non-Western countries, these countries were signatories to the United Nations ́ convention on human rights. Still their political and social cultures did not conform to many of the provisions expressed in it. This issue of human rights, as it has emerged mainly out of the ideas of the Enlightenment, still remained alien to many of the world ́s nations after the War. As has been pointed out by distinguished historians and as Shelley mentioned, Russia remained 'outside' the Enlightenment. The Soviet Union is the heir of the Russian legal tradition, a culture in which individual rights were consistently subordinated to the state. It is also important to note that Russia was, as Shelley said, never directly exposed to the ideas of the Enlightenment, although some of its values were transmitted via the czars. Most important to know is that Human rights cannot be imposed on a society. Institutions that foster and nurture human rights must develop in a society itself. This is a gradual process. In societies without such a tradition it is unnatural to expect that such a transformation can occur in the face of a different historical legacy and in the face of other pressing economic and political problems. Knowing this, the following paper will show how NGOs and Soviet national leaders have tried to establish Human Rights in the USSR and what role the CSCE played in that process.
Human Rights Activism And The End Of The Cold War
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Author : Sarah B. Snyder
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2011-06-20
Human Rights Activism And The End Of The Cold War written by Sarah B. Snyder and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-20 with Political Science categories.
Two of the most pressing questions facing international historians today are how and why the Cold War ended. Human Rights Activism and the End of the Cold War explores how, in the aftermath of the signing of the Helsinki Final Act in 1975, a transnational network of activists committed to human rights in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe made the topic a central element in East-West diplomacy. As a result, human rights eventually became an important element of Cold War diplomacy and a central component of détente. Sarah B. Snyder demonstrates how this network influenced both Western and Eastern governments to pursue policies that fostered the rise of organized dissent in Eastern Europe, freedom of movement for East Germans and improved human rights practices in the Soviet Union - all factors in the end of the Cold War.
Human Rights In The World
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Author : Arthur Henry Robertson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Human Rights In The World written by Arthur Henry Robertson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Political Science categories.
Human rights now occupy a key place in international law and international relations. Nearly 100 states have accepted the United Nations Covenants of 1966; regional systems of human rights are in operation in Europe, Africa and Latin America; and organisations such as the ILO and Unesco have their own instruments and procedures. Human Rights in the World explains what the current guarantees of human rights are and how they work. Substantially rewritten and updated to take into account the ending of the Cold War, this new edition includes such issues as the War Crimes Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia, the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the role of the UN Commissioner for Human Rights. Authoritative, comprehensive and up-to-date, the book is an invaluable source of reference for students, scholars and practitioners.
International Law Rights And Politics
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Author : R. A. Mullerson
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 1994
International Law Rights And Politics written by R. A. Mullerson and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Law categories.
Russia - a problem or solution?
Human Rights And Minority Rights In The European Union
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Author : Kirsten Shoraka
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2010-06-17
Human Rights And Minority Rights In The European Union written by Kirsten Shoraka and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-06-17 with Law categories.
The end of the Cold War has ushered a restructuring of the institutions of the European Community, culminating into its enlargement to Eastern Europe, under the aegis of economic integration, democracy and human rights. This book examines the development and the role of human rights in the European Union, from its inception as an economic co-operation project to an organisation of European States with a political agenda that goes beyond its borders. It argues that human rights have become an important component of the foreign policy of the European Union and that this role has grown from the inception of the Union through the Cold War and thereafter onto the process of enlargement of the Union. The book goes on to analyse the EU’s policy on minorities, as a particular example of human rights. It considers the level of their protection within the EU and the framework of international law, and compares minority rights in the older Member States including France, Germany and the UK, with newer Eastern European states.