Human T Cell Leukemia Virus 1 Htlv 1 Infection Associated Pathology And Response Of The Host

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Human T Cell Leukemia Virus 1 Htlv 1 Infection Associated Pathology And Response Of The Host

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Author : Roberto S. Accolla
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-06-30

Human T Cell Leukemia Virus 1 Htlv 1 Infection Associated Pathology And Response Of The Host written by Roberto S. Accolla and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-06-30 with Medical categories.

Molecular Pathology Of Htlv 1

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Author : Umberto Bertazzoni
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2019-03-25

Molecular Pathology Of Htlv 1 written by Umberto Bertazzoni and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-25 with categories.

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was the first human retrovirus discovered, in 1980, by Gallo and co-workers. About 5-10% of HTLV-1-infected individuals are at risk of developing either a fatal malignancy, adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), or a chronic neuroinflammatory syndrome, HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Both diseases are incurable at present. Many issues concerning HTLV-1’s life cycle and pathobiology are still unsolved or controversial, and new approaches for prognostic stratification of patients and eradication of HTLV-1 infection are in high demand. In this Research Topic, the focus has been centered on discussing two main themes: the functional analysis and oncogenic potential of HTLV-1 regulatory proteins and the control of HTLV-1-associated diseases. The 22 articles in this eBook cover many different aspects of HTLV-1 infection and pathogenesis, providing new perspectives and groundwork for future studies.

The Host Immune Response To Htlv 1 Infection

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Author : Sonja Tattermusch
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012

The Host Immune Response To Htlv 1 Infection written by Sonja Tattermusch and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.

Human T-lymphotropic virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that persists lifelong in the host. In ~4% of infected people, HTLV-1 causes a chronic disabling neuroinflammatory disease known as HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The pathogenesis of HAM/TSP is unknown and treatment remains ineffective. In this study we aimed to identify patterns in frequencies of peripheral leukocyte populations and blood gene expression profiles of HTLV-1 carriers that suggest new hypotheses as to the mechanisms of HTLV-1 persistence and HAM/TSP pathology. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping of peripheral blood leukocytes revealed abnormal activation and maturation profiles of effector T cells but not antigen-presenting cells. High frequencies of circulating granzyme and perforin-rich CD8+ T cells were associated with an increased probability of HAM/TSP. However, the cytolytic capacity of these T cells is not known as although they accumulated cytolytic proteins, granzyme mRNA levels were down-regulated in patients with HAM/TSP. Furthermore, presence of HAM/TSP was associated with an expansion of CD56-negative NK cells, which are thought to have decreased cytolytic functions. Blood gene expression profiles identified perturbations of the p53 signalling pathway as a hallmark of HTLV-1 infection. In contrast, a subset of interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes was over-expressed in patients with HAM/TSP but not in asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers or patients with the clinically similar disease multiple sclerosis. The IFN-inducible signature was present in all circulating leukocytes and its intensity correlated with the clinical severity of HAM/TSP. Leukocytes from patients with HAM/TSP were primed to respond strongly to stimulation with exogenous IFN. However, while type I IFN suppressed expression of the HTLV-1 structural protein Gag it failed to suppress the highly immunogenic viral transcriptional transactivator Tax. Based on our findings we hypothesise that impaired NK cell and T cell-mediated immune responses result in high HTLV-1 proviral loads but that the over-expression of a subset of IFN-stimulated genes contributes to the development of HAM/TSP.

Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type 1

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Author :
language : en
Publisher: World Health Organization
Release Date : 2021-02-19

Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 written by and has been published by World Health Organization this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-19 with Medical categories.

Human T‐cell lymphotropic virus‐1 (HTLV‐1), is a retrovirus which causes lifelong infection in humans. Infection is sometimes asymptomatic, but chronic infection causes a spectrum of various clinical syndromes, the severe ones being an aggressive malignancy known as adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATL) and a progressive neurological condition known as HTLV-1-associated myelopathy. This Technical report on HTLV-1 captures the epidemiological status and management approaches for HTLV-1 virus infection and the diseases it causes. It presents best practice approaches and research evidence on how countries have addressed HTLV-1 so far. Prior to this report the WHO undertook consultations with member states and partners. Few public health measures have been implemented on a global scale to prevent infection with HTLV-1 or its consequences, or to manage ATL and HAM/TSP. Current evidence from countries suggests that more concerted global public health actions in containing this infectious disease can be implemented via integrated approach in the existing country programmes of STIs and HIV prevention and control. These include ongoing monitoring and surveillance of the virus. Blood testing at transfusion clinics, cessation of breast feeding, and partner testing and condom promotion are useful prevention strategies. Testing and treatment methods need new innovations with better technology to improve performance and efficacy. This report is a tool towards improving HTLV-1 prevention and control and reducing morbidity and mortality due to the virus.

Molecular Mechanisms Of Monocyte Depletion And Cd4 T Cell Persistence During Human T Cell Leukemia Virus Infection

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Author : Alexandre Sze
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018

Molecular Mechanisms Of Monocyte Depletion And Cd4 T Cell Persistence During Human T Cell Leukemia Virus Infection written by Alexandre Sze and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.

"Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was the first human retrovirus discovered in 1980. It is the causal agent of two well characterized human diseases, Adult T-cell Leukemia (ATL) and HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Few treatment options have been developed for ATL and HAM/TSP; the median survival times for ATL remains under a year, and treatment options of HAM/TSP remain palliative in nature. Thankfully the incidence of disease in HTLV-1 infected patients is relatively low, with only approximately 5% of individuals developing ATL and 2% HAM/TSP. One major obstacle in the development of effective therapies is a lack of understanding regarding the factors that determine HTLV-1 associated pathology. The route of transmission, contaminated breast milk and blood, almost exclusively lead to ATL or HAM/TSP development respectively, but it is unclear as to why. This suggests that the early events of HTLV-1 infection may be key in discerning pathological outcomes. Unfortunately this time point is understudied, in part due to the fact that de novo infection is asymptomatic. The activity of cytotoxic T-cell lymphocytes seems to be vital in controlling viral replication, and is likely a key determinant in disease progression. We thus set out to study the early events of HTLV-1 infection in two important immunologically relevant peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations, monocytes and CD4+ T-cells. HTLV-1 infection of primary human monocytes resulted in the depletion of this cell type. This was not mediated by viral accessory proteins, as host restriction factor SAMHD1 prevented the completion of reverse transcription. The DNA by-products of this inhibition induced a potent STING-mediated immunological response, that triggered Bax and IRF3 activation and complex formation that led to apoptosis. Infection of activated CD4+ T-cells on the other hand, resulted in persistent cellular survival. This was mediated by the viral accessory protein Tax, known to have oncogenic properties. Tax expression activated the AKT pathway, which resulted in the inactivation of the pro-apoptotic FOXO3a transcription factor. This led to the long-term survival of an activated CD4+ T-cell population that was capable of viral transmission. Overall this work has demonstrated the molecular consequences of HTLV-1 infection in two important cell types, monocytes and CD4+ T-cells. These events likely shape the subsequent immunological events that control viral replication and likely influence HTLV-1 disease pathology." --

Comparative Studies Between Htlv 1 And Htlv 2 Function And Pathobiology

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Author : Umberto Bertazzoni
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-06-11

Comparative Studies Between Htlv 1 And Htlv 2 Function And Pathobiology written by Umberto Bertazzoni and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-06-11 with HTLV-I (Virus) categories.

Human T-cell leukemia viruses type 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) share a common genetic organization, expression strategy and ability to infect and immortalize T-cells in vitro; however, HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 are strikingly different in terms of clinical impact. HTLV-1 is recognized as the aetiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), and HTLV-associated myeolopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), in contrast, HTLV-2 does not cause hematologic disorders and is only sporadically associated with cases of subacute myelopathy. HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 also exhibit distinct cellular tropisms in vivo: HTLV-1 is mainly found in CD4+T lymphocytes, whereas CD8+T-cells are the preferred target for HTLV-2. The articles contributed in this Research Topic are covering all the different aspects that characterize HTLV-1 and HTLV-2, by highlighting differences in their biology that might provide clues to their distinct pathogenic properties.

Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type I

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Author : Per Höllsberg
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 1996-12-02

Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type I written by Per Höllsberg and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-12-02 with Medical categories.

HTLV is made up of any of several retroviruses including the retrovirus known as AIDS. Devoted to the rapidly growing field of HTLV, this book explores the many different aspects of the virus.

Molecular Mimicry Infection Inducing Autoimmune Disease

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Author : Michael B. A. Oldstone
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-01-09

Molecular Mimicry Infection Inducing Autoimmune Disease written by Michael B. A. Oldstone and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-09 with Medical categories.

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Human Retroviruses

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Author : Bryan Cullen
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 1993

Human Retroviruses written by Bryan Cullen and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Gene Expression Regulation. categories.

The first book to specifically cover the molecular biology of retroviruses - of immense importance since the high profile of HIV. International contributors provide detailed reviews of the latest knowledge. An excellent text for both medical and non-medical researchers, it also serves as an illuminating introduction for scientists active in other areas.

Human T Lymphotropic Virus Htlv New Insights For The Healthcare Professional 2011 Edition

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Author :
language : en
Publisher: ScholarlyEditions
Release Date : 2012-01-09

Human T Lymphotropic Virus Htlv New Insights For The Healthcare Professional 2011 Edition written by and has been published by ScholarlyEditions this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-09 with Medical categories.

Human T-Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV): New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyPaper™ that delivers timely, authoritative, and intensively focused information about Human T-Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) in a compact format. The editors have built Human T-Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV): New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Human T-Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV): New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.