Identifying Neuroimaging Based Markers For Distinguishing Brain Disorders
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Identifying Neuroimaging Based Markers For Distinguishing Brain Disorders
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Author : Yuhui Du
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2020-07-10
Identifying Neuroimaging Based Markers For Distinguishing Brain Disorders written by Yuhui Du and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-10 with categories.
There has been increasing interests in exploring biomarkers from brain images, aiming to have a better understanding and a more effective diagnosis of brain disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Alzheimer’s disease and so on. Therefore, it is important to identify disease-specific changes for distinguishing healthy controls and patients with brain disorders as well as for differentiating patients with different disorders showing similar clinical symptoms. Biomarkers can be identified from different types of brain Imaging techniques including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), structural MRI, positron emission tomography (PET), electroencephalography (EEG), and magnetoencephalography (MEG) by using statistical analysis methods. Furthermore, based on measures from brain imaging techniques, machine learning techniques can help to classify or predict disease for individual subjects. In fact, fusion of features from multiple modalities may benefit the understanding of disease mechanism and improve the classification performance. This Research Topic further explores the functional or structural alterations in brain disorders.
Biomarkers In Psychiatry
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Author : Judith Pratt
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-01-05
Biomarkers In Psychiatry written by Judith Pratt and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-05 with Science categories.
This volume addresses one of the Holy Grails in Psychiatry, namely the evidence for and potential to adopt ‘Biomarkers’ for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment responses in mental health conditions. It meshes together state of the art research from international renowned pre-clinical and clinical scientists to illustrate how the fields of anxiety disorders, depression, psychotic disorders, and autism spectrum disorder have advanced in recent years.
Diseases Of The Brain Head And Neck Spine 2020 2023
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Author : Juerg Hodler
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-02-14
Diseases Of The Brain Head And Neck Spine 2020 2023 written by Juerg Hodler and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-14 with Medical categories.
This open access book offers an essential overview of brain, head and neck, and spine imaging. Over the last few years, there have been considerable advances in this area, driven by both clinical and technological developments. Written by leading international experts and teachers, the chapters are disease-oriented and cover all relevant imaging modalities, with a focus on magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. The book also includes a synopsis of pediatric imaging. IDKD books are rewritten (not merely updated) every four years, which means they offer a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art in imaging. The book is clearly structured and features learning objectives, abstracts, subheadings, tables and take-home points, supported by design elements to help readers navigate the text. It will particularly appeal to general radiologists, radiology residents, and interventional radiologists who want to update their diagnostic expertise, as well as clinicians from other specialties who are interested in imaging for their patient care.
Charney And Nestler S Neurobiology Of Mental Illness
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Author : Dennis Charney
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2025-01-03
Charney And Nestler S Neurobiology Of Mental Illness written by Dennis Charney and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-01-03 with Education categories.
"The genetic investigation into mental illnesses has progressed rapidly since the mapping of the human genome. Driven by advances in genomic profiling technology, massive genomic datasets are powering the discovery of genetic variation associated to complex traits including mental illness. From severe neurodevelopmental disorders to schizophrenia and depression, genetic variation plays some role in risk. Critically, most mental illnesses are complex, multifactorial and the consequence of a combination of genetic and environmental influences. This chapter will introduce the genome, its variation, and the methods used to identify what variants and genes matter for mental illnesses"--
Charney Nestler S Neurobiology Of Mental Illness
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Author : Dennis S. Charney
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2018
Charney Nestler S Neurobiology Of Mental Illness written by Dennis S. Charney and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Medical categories.
In the years following publication of the DSM-5(R), the field of psychiatry has seen vigorous debate between the DSM's more traditional, diagnosis-oriented approach and the NIMH's more biological, dimension-based RDoC (research domain criteria) approach. Charney & Nestler's Neurobiology of Mental Illness is an authoritative foundation for translating information from the laboratory to clinical treatment, and its fifth edition extends beyond this reference function to acknowledge and examine the controversies, different camps, and thoughts on the future of psychiatric diagnosis. In this wider context, this book provides information from numerous levels of analysis, including molecular biology and genetics, cellular physiology, neuroanatomy, neuropharmacology, epidemiology, and behavior. Sections and chapters are edited and authored by experts at the top of their fields. No other book distills the basic science and underpinnings of mental disorders-and highlights practical clinical significance-to the scope and breadth of this classic text. In this edition, Section 1, which reviews the methods used to examine the biological basis of mental illness in animal and cell models and in humans, has been expanded to reflect critically important technical advances in complex genetics (including powerful sequencing technologies and related bioinformatics), epigenetics, stem cell biology, optogenetics, neural circuit functioning, cognitive neuroscience, and brain imaging. This range of established and emerging methodologies offer groundbreaking advances in our ability to study the brain as well as unique opportunities for the translation of preclinical and clinical research into badly needed breakthroughs in our therapeutic toolkit. Sections 2 through 7 cover the neurobiology and genetics of major psychiatric disorders: psychoses (including bipolar disorder), mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, dementias, and disorders of childhood onset. Also covered within these sections is a summary of current therapeutic approaches for these illnesses as well as the ways in which research advances are now guiding the search for new treatments. Each of these parts has been augmented in several different areas as a reflection of research progress. The last section, Section 8, reconfigured in this new edition, now focuses on diagnostic schemes for mental illness. This includes an overview of the unique challenges that remain in diagnosing these disorders given our still limited knowledge of disease etiology and pathophysiology. The section then provides reviews of DSM-5(R), which forms the basis of psychiatric diagnosis in the United States for all clinical work, and of RDoC, which provides an alternative perspective on diagnosis in heavy use in the research community. Also included are chapters on future efforts toward precision and computational psychiatry, which promise to someday align diagnosis with underlying biological abnormalities.
Language Acquisition And Academic Writing
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Author : James D. Williams
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2022-11-23
Language Acquisition And Academic Writing written by James D. Williams and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-11-23 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
An important contribution to the scholarship on student writing and composition theory, this book presents a new approach to writing instruction based on linguistic research and theory. In this book, leading scholar James D. Williams explores the historical failures of composition studies and the need for effective writing instruction to be grounded in the immersive principles of language acquisition. Starting with an indictment of the historical failures of composition studies to teach students how to become competent writers, the book moves beyond the current flawed theories and practices to introduce a new way forward to improving students’ writing skills. Accessible and jargon-free, Williams skillfully explains how students must be immersed in target dialects and registers, with access to a range of authentic texts, to become effective writers of academic discourse. Chapters include authentic writing samples from the disciplines, including life and applied sciences, social sciences, and humanities. Essential for preservice and practicing teachers of writing, as well as scholars in composition and literacy studies, the book demonstrates how language acquisition is a necessary foundation and provides a road map to improving students’ writing proficiency.
Third Generation Neuroimaging Translating Research Into Clinical Utility
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Author : André Schmidt
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-11-02
Third Generation Neuroimaging Translating Research Into Clinical Utility written by André Schmidt and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-02 with categories.
Psychiatric imaging needs to move away from simple investigations of the neurobiology underling the early phases of psychiatric diseases to translate imaging findings in the clinical field targeting clinical outcomes including transition, remission and response to preventative interventions. This research topic aims to bring psychiatric neuroimaging studies towards translational impacts in clinical practice, suggesting that brain abnormalities may be of potential use for detecting clinical outcomes as treatment response. First-generation psychiatric neuroimaging focused on simple structural brain alterations associated with the neurobiology of the illness. These early studies adopted imaging methods mainly including computerized tomography (CT) to investigate brain size. Second-generation psychiatric neuroimaging studies benefited from more sophisticated techniques which included structural methods (sMRI) coupled with whole-brain automated methods (voxel based morphometry, VBM), white-matter methods (diffusion tensor imaging, DTI and tractography), functional methods (functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI) and advanced neurochemical imaging (PET techniques addressing receptor bindings and pre/post synaptic functions, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, MRS) and sophisticated meta-analytical imaging methods. However, no consistent or reliable anatomical or functional brain alterations have been univocally associated with any psychiatric disorder and no clinical applications have been developed in psychiatric neuroimaging. There is thus urgent need of psychiatric imaging to move towards third-generation paradigms. In this research topic, these novel neuroimaging studies here requested to move away from simple investigations of the neurobiology to translate imaging findings in the clinical field targeting longitudinal outcomes including transition, remission and response to preventative interventions. With respect to methods, the most recent neuroimaging approaches (e.g. structural and functional MRI, EEG, DTI, spectroscopy, PET) are welcome. Third generation psychiatric imaging studies including multimodal approaches, multi-center analyses, mega-analyses, effective connectivity, dynamic causal modelling, support vector machines, structural equation modelling, or graph theory analysis are highly appreciated. Furthermore, these third-generation imaging studies may benefit from the incorporation of new sources of neurobiological information such as whole genome sequencing, proteomic, lipidomic and expression profiles and cellular models derived from recent induced pluripotent stem cells research. We collect Original Research, Reviews, Mini-Reviews, Book Review, Clinical Case Study, Clinical Trial, Editorial, General Commentary, Hypothesis & Theory, Methods, Mini Opinion, Perspective, and Technology Report from international researcher and clinicians in this field. The purpose of this research topic is intended to provide the field with current third-generation neuroimaging approaches in translational psychiatry that is hoped to improve and create therapeutic options for psychiatric diseases.
Stress Induced And Fear Circuitry Disorders
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Author : Gavin Andrews
language : en
Publisher: American Psychiatric Pub
Release Date : 2009-02-20
Stress Induced And Fear Circuitry Disorders written by Gavin Andrews and has been published by American Psychiatric Pub this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-02-20 with Medical categories.
As disorders in which stress or fear play major roles present an increasing need for psychiatric care around the world, this volume summarizes current research to determine whether a specific group of stress-induced and fear-based disorders form a distinct syndrome independent from other anxiety disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder or generalized anxiety. Intended to suggest DSM-V revisions regarding the classification of these disorders, Stress-Induced and Fear Circuitry Disorders reflects findings that may lead to more refined treatments for these specific anxiety disorders based on a better understanding of the biological and environmental factors that contribute to their development and symptoms. Thirty contributors, all international authorities on this group of mental illnesses, clarify how these disorders develop and what factors contribute to symptomatology. Focusing on posttraumatic stress disorder, panic disorder and agoraphobia, social phobias, and specific phobia, the authors explore the possibility of linking the classification and etiology of these conditions by showing that they may be closely related in terms of brain pathophysiology. In addition to assessing the stability of disorders across patient lifespans and determining whether they form a cohesive and distinct group, the authors examine shared etiologies and biopsychosocial correlates, as well as aspects unique to each disorder. Among the book's specific insights: How minority populations, particularly African Americans, are differentially affected by these disorders. The neuronal mechanisms of normal fear and anxiety, including how changes in the genetics of the serotonin system can increase the risk of anxiety. The role of cognition in symptom presentation and treatment, revealing cognitive biases that favor the processing of threat-related information. The contribution of stress and psychosocial factors, such as peer victimization and childhood sexual abuse. The use of neuroimaging to analyze neural structure and function for each of the four disorder groups. How neurochemistry and neuroendocrine markers may aid in classification of anxiety disorders. The contribution of substance abuse to the pathophysiology of these disorders. Given the importance of changes to DSM for professional education and public health, this book offers important new ways of thinking about stress-induced and fear-based disorders. It not only allows researchers to more accurately assess their diagnostic classifications, but also can help clinicians more effectively communicate with patients regarding the nature of their illness and the importance of adhering to treatment regimens.
Functional Connectivity An Issue Of Neuroimaging Clinics Of North America
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Author : Jay J. Pillai
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
Release Date : 2017-10-11
Functional Connectivity An Issue Of Neuroimaging Clinics Of North America written by Jay J. Pillai and has been published by Elsevier Health Sciences this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-11 with Medical categories.
This issue of Neuroimaging Clinics of North America focuses on Functional Connectivity, and is edited by Dr. Jay Pillai. Articles will include: Applications of rs-fMRI to presurgical mapping: sensorimotor mapping; Dynamic functional connectivity methods; Machine learning applications to rs-fMRI analysis; Frequency domain analysis of rs-fMRI; Applications of rs-fMRI to epilepsy; Data-driven analysis methods for rs-fMRI; Applications of rs-fMRI to presurgical mapping: language mapping; Limitations of rs-fMRI in the setting of focal brain lesions; Applications of rs-fMRI to neuropsychiatric disease; Applications of rs-fMRI to Traumatic Brain Injury; Applications of rs-fMRI to neurodegenerative disease; Graph theoretic analysis of rs-fMRI; and more!
Algorithms In Advanced Artificial Intelligence
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Author : R. N. V. Jagan Mohan
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2024-07-08
Algorithms In Advanced Artificial Intelligence written by R. N. V. Jagan Mohan and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-07-08 with Computers categories.
The most common form of severe dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is a cumulative neurological disorder because of the degradation and death of nerve cells in the brain tissue, intelligence steadily declines and most of its activities are compromised in AD. Before diving into the level of AD diagnosis, it is essential to highlight the fundamental differences between conventional machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL). This work covers a number of photo-preprocessing approaches that aid in learning because image processing is essential for the diagnosis of AD. The most crucial kind of neural network for computer vision used in medical image processing is called a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The proposed study will consider facial characteristics, including expressions and eye movements using the diffusion model, as part of CNN’s meticulous approach to Alzheimer’s diagnosis. Convolutional neural networks were used in an effort to sense Alzheimer’s disease in its early stages using a big collection of pictures of facial expressions.