Implementing The Simple Biosphere Model Sib In A General Circulation Model
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Implementing The Simple Biosphere Model Sib In A General Circulation Model
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Author : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2018-07-08
Implementing The Simple Biosphere Model Sib In A General Circulation Model written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-08 with categories.
The Simple Biosphere MOdel (SiB) of Sellers et al., (1986) was designed to simulate the interactions between the Earth's land surface and the atmosphere by treating the vegetation explicitly and relistically, thereby incorporating biophysical controls on the exchanges of radiation, momentum, sensible and latent heat between the two systems. The steps taken to implement SiB in a modified version of the National Meteorological Center's spectral GCM are described. The coupled model (SiB-GCM) was used with a conventional hydrological model (Ctl-GCM) to produce summer and winter simulations. The same GCM was used with a conventional hydrological model (Ctl-GCM) to produce comparable 'control' summer and winter variations. It was found that SiB-GCM produced a more realistic partitioning of energy at the land surface than Ctl-GCM. Generally, SiB-GCM produced more sensible heat flux and less latent heat flux over vegetated land than did Ctl-GCM and this resulted in the development of a much deeper daytime planetary boundary and reduced precipitation rates over the continents in SiB-GCM. In the summer simulation, the 200 mb jet stream and the wind speed at 850 mb were slightly weakened in the SiB-GCM relative to the Ctl-GCM results and equivalent analyses from observations. Sato, N. and Sellers, P. J. and Randall, D. A. and Schneider, E. K. and Shukla, J. and Kinter, J. L., III and Hou, Y.-T. and Albertazzi, E. Unspecified Center...
Land Surface Atmosphere Interactions For Climate Modeling
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Author : E.F. Wood
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Land Surface Atmosphere Interactions For Climate Modeling written by E.F. Wood and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
It is well known that the interactions between land surfaces and the atmosphere, and the resulting exchanges in water and energy have a tremendous affect on climate. The inadequate representation of land-atmosphere interactions is a major weakness in current climate models, and is providing the motivation for the HAPEX and ISLSCP experiments as well as the proposed Global Energy and Water Experiment (GEWEX) and the Earth Observing System (EOS) mission. The inadequate representation reflects the recognition that the well-known phys ical relationships, which are well described at small scales, result in different relationships when represented at the scales used in climate models. Understanding this transition in the mathematical relationships with increased space-time scales appears to be very difficult, and has led to different approaches; at one extreme, the famous "bucket" model where the land-surface is a simple one layer storage without vegetation; the other extreme may be Seller's Simple Biosphere Model (Sib) where one big leaf covers the climate model grid. Given the heterogeneous nature of landforms, soils and vegetation within a climate model grid, the development of new land surface parameterizations, and their verification through large scale experiments is perceived to be a challenging area of research for the hydrology and meteorology communities. This book evolved from a workshop held at Princeton University to explore the status of land surface parameterizations within climate models, and how observa tional data can be used to assess these parameterizations and improve models.
Climate System Modeling
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Author : Kevin E. Trenberth
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1992
Climate System Modeling written by Kevin E. Trenberth and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Computers categories.
Climate Systems Modeling presents an interdisciplinary and comprehensive study of the dynamics of the whole global system. As a comprehensive text it will appeal to students and researchers concerned with any aspect of climatology and the study of related topics in the broad earth and environmental sciences.
General Circulation Model Development
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Author : David A. Randall
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2000-07-19
General Circulation Model Development written by David A. Randall and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-07-19 with Science categories.
General Circulation Models (GCMs) are rapidly assuming widespread use as powerful tools for predicting global events on time scales of months to decades, such as the onset of EL Nino, monsoons, soil moisture saturation indices, global warming estimates, and even snowfall predictions. While GCMs have been praised for helping to foretell the current El Nino and its impact on droughts in Indonesia, its full power is only now being recognized by international scientists and governments who seek to link GCMs to help them estimate fish harvests, risk of floods, landslides, and even forest fires. Scientists in oceanography, hydrology, meteorology, and climatology and civil, ocean, and geological engineers perceive a need for a reference on GCM design. In this compilation of information by an internationally recognized group of experts, Professor Randall brings together the knowledge base of the forerunners in theoretical and applied frontiers of GCM development. General Circulation Model Development focuses on the past, present, and future design of numerical methods for general circulation modeling, as well as the physical parameterizations required for their proper implementation. Additional chapters on climate simulation and other applications provide illustrative examples of state-of-the-art GCM design. Key Features * Foreword by Norman Phillips * Authoritative overviews of current issues and ideas on global circulation modeling by leading experts * Retrospective and forward-looking chapters by Akio Arakawa of UCLA * Historical perspectives on the early years of general circulation modeling * Indispensable reference for researchers and graduate students
Predictability Of Weather And Climate
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Author : Tim Palmer
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2006-07-27
Predictability Of Weather And Climate written by Tim Palmer and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-07-27 with Science categories.
With contributions by leading experts, including an unpublished paper by Ed Lorenz, this book, first published in 2006, covers many topics in weather and climate predictability. It will interest those in the fields of environmental science and weather and climate forecasting, from graduate students to researchers, by examining theoretical and practical aspects of predictability.
Monthly Weather Review
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Monthly Weather Review written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Meteorology categories.
Evolution Of The Cretaceous Ocean Climate System
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Author : Enriqueta Barrera
language : en
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Release Date : 1999-01-01
Evolution Of The Cretaceous Ocean Climate System written by Enriqueta Barrera and has been published by Geological Society of America this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-01-01 with Science categories.
A Review Of Recent Research On Improvement Of Physical Parameterizations In The Gla Gcm
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date :
A Review Of Recent Research On Improvement Of Physical Parameterizations In The Gla Gcm written by and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Modeling Carbon Fluxes Net Primary Production And Light Utilization In Boreal Forest Stands
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Author : Scott J. Goetz
language : en
Publisher: Universal-Publishers
Release Date : 1997-08
Modeling Carbon Fluxes Net Primary Production And Light Utilization In Boreal Forest Stands written by Scott J. Goetz and has been published by Universal-Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-08 with Science categories.
The use of satellite remote sensing for modeling net primary production (NPP) was evaluated in sixty boreal forest stands spanning a range of site conditions. The work included: (i) estimating annual phenological dynamics and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) interception with remotely sensed spectral measurements, (ii) linking annually absorbed PAR (APAR) to measured NPP and quantifying variability in light use efficiency ("En"), (iii) evaluating sources of variability in "En" via mechanistic modeling of ecophysiology and associated carbon fluxes, particularly through analyses of respiratory carbon costs in relation to assimilation gains (the R: A ratio), (iv) assessing generalization of the results through an investigation of the evidence for evolutionary convergence in "En", the R: A ratio and assimilation per unit APAR (Eg). The analyses showed that observed variability in "En" reflects a decoupling of PAR harvesting and utilization, primarily as a result of differences in the R: A ratio. Links between "En", the R: A ratio and standing above-ground biomass were related to differences the carbon (energy) costs associated with synthesis and maintenance of plant constituents, and longevity (i.e. the payback period on investment in carbon gain). Estimating the R: A ratio from above-ground biomass, in order to compensate for variability in "En", was found to be problematic owing primarily to covariation of R and A with the amount of respiring biomass (i.e. sapwood and foliage). The analyses also showed that the differences in carbon costs between functional types (plants with related life history traits) resulted in convergence on "Eg" rather than en. Variability in "Eg" was, however, introduced by stomatal control at some stressed sites. These findings were supported by the remote sensing and simulation modeling results, and the synthesis of work related to evolutionary ecology. The primary conclusions are that variability in light utilization in these boreal forest stands was determined largely by respiratory carbon costs, and that NPP models based on light harvesting require augmentation with terms that reflect PAR utilization. Possible methods to address these issues, and their implications for NPP modeling over large areas, are discussed.
Scientific And Technical Aerospace Reports
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
Scientific And Technical Aerospace Reports written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Aeronautics categories.