In Situ And Operando X Ray Spectroscopy Studies Of Solid Gas And Solid Liquid Interfaces

DOWNLOAD

Download In Situ And Operando X Ray Spectroscopy Studies Of Solid Gas And Solid Liquid Interfaces PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get In Situ And Operando X Ray Spectroscopy Studies Of Solid Gas And Solid Liquid Interfaces book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page

In Situ And Operando X Ray Spectroscopy Studies Of Solid Gas And Solid Liquid Interfaces

DOWNLOAD
Author : Chenghao Wu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015

In Situ And Operando X Ray Spectroscopy Studies Of Solid Gas And Solid Liquid Interfaces written by Chenghao Wu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.

Gas-phase catalytic reactions and electrochemical reactions are two important categories of heterogeneous reactions. In order to determine the reaction mechanisms and potentially improve the technologies based on these reactions, it is essential to understand what happens at relevant solid/gas or solid/liquid interfaces under reaction conditions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) are two element-specific and chemical-state-specific characterization techniques. Recently, researchers have demonstrated that with proper modifications, these vacuum-requiring techniques can also be used to characterize various solid/gas or solid/liquid interface systems under ambient conditions, which opens the way towards in situ and operando characterization of many heterogeneous reaction systems. In this dissertation, the studies on two solid/gas interface systems and two solid/liquid interface systems are presented. The solid/gas interface systems were characterized by ambient-pressure XPS (AP-XPS). In the study regarding Co catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis, it was found that CO adsorbs strongly on Co surface; but small amount of sulfur substantially weakens the CO adsorption and consequently poisons the F-T reaction. Under reaction conditions, Co surface remains metallic. At lower temperatures, water molecules in the reaction products can potentially oxidize the Co surface and thereby hinder the catalytic reaction. When the reaction temperature is above 250°C, H2 is responsible for reducing Co to its metallic phase and keeping the catalyst active. In the study of CoxPdy alloy nanoparticles for catalyzing CO oxidation reaction, a clear dependence of catalytic activities on nanoparticle composition was observed. AP-XPS results revealed that Co segregates to the surface and stays in the oxide form after the pretreatment process. Small amount of Co coexisting with Pd on the surface can promote the CO oxidation reaction synergistically and the synergetic effect becomes more prominent with increasing Co content. However, when Co/Pd ratio is too high, after the cleaning processes, the surface of the nanoparticles is fully covered by thin layers of CoOx, preventing CO molecules from binding with Pd, which leads to significant drop in catalytic activity of the alloy nanoparticles. The solid/liquid interface systems were characterized by our newly developed in situ and operando XAS technique. Total electrode yield (TEY) signal collected through the working electrode can provide information that is sensitive to the solid/liquid interfaces. At Au/H2O interfaces, the hydrogen-bonding network is greatly disrupted by the interface, leaving more broken hydrogen bonds than in bulk water. But the delocalization of the LUMO orbitals of water molecules into the gold substrate, greatly suppresses the pre-edge feature in O1s XAS spectrum that is typically associated with broken hydrogen bonds. These polar molecules can respond to external electrical field and reorient at the interface, producing potential-dependent O1s TEY XAS spectra. At Pt/H2SO4(aq) or Au/H2SO4(aq) interfaces, similar water reorientation behaviors were observed in the negative potential region. In the positive potential regions, the evolution of O1s XAS spectra is different from that of Au/H2O system. The changes in the spectra are possibly related to the adsorption of sulfate ions at the interface, contradicting many reports that proposed an oxide formation or oxygen/ hydroxyl adsorption processes. The studies on four interface systems presented in this dissertation illustrate the capabilities and great potentials of these two in situ x-ray spectroscopy techniques, i.e., AP-XPS and in situ/operando XAS, in the investigation of interfacial phenomena and reaction mechanisms in various heterogeneous reactions. Such mechanistic information can potentially provide insightful guidance for better designs of catalysts and electrode materials.

Applications Of X Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy To Catalytic Studies From Routine Analysis To Cutting Edge Surface Characterization

DOWNLOAD
Author : Spyridon Zafeiratos
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2023-07-04

Applications Of X Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy To Catalytic Studies From Routine Analysis To Cutting Edge Surface Characterization written by Spyridon Zafeiratos and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-07-04 with Science categories.

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has become a standard practice technique, and automated XPS facilities can be found in industry and in universities all over the world. This transformed XPS from an advanced characterization method for dedicated research, to a rather standard analysis technique of surface analysis. The catalyst's surface state is probably the most prominent factor that influences the catalytic performance. It is therefore no surprise that XPS has become an indispensable tool in studies of solid catalysts. It has been directly used to investigate issues such as the surface composition of the active catalyst and reaction and deactivation mechanisms.The objective of this book is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current status and future perspectives of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy dedicated to catalytic applications, including thermal catalysis, electrocatalysis, and photo(electro)catalysis. The book contains 13 chapters, starting with the necessary introduction of the technique background, including basic phenomena and instrumentation aspects. The second part of the book focuses on the presentation of long-established applications of the technique, such as XPS studies of model catalysts. Finally, the book describes relatively recent developments of this method for cutting-edge surface characterization mainly using synchrotron X-ray radiation.

Liquid Surfaces And Interfaces

DOWNLOAD
Author : Peter S. Pershan
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2012-08-02

Liquid Surfaces And Interfaces written by Peter S. Pershan and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-02 with Technology & Engineering categories.

The availability of synchrotron x-ray sources and the subsequent developments described in this book have led to substantial progress in our understanding of molecular ordering at liquid interfaces. This practical guide enables graduate students and researchers working in physics, chemistry, biology and materials science to understand and carry out experimental investigations into the basic physical and chemical properties of liquid surfaces and interfaces. The book examines the surfaces of bulk liquids, thin wetting films and buried liquid-liquid interfaces. It discusses experiments on simple and complex fluids, including pure water and organic liquids, liquid crystals, liquid metals, electrified liquid-liquid interfaces and interfacial monolayers of amphiphiles, nanoparticles, polymers and biomolecules. A detailed description of the apparatus and techniques required for these experiments is provided, and theoretical approaches to data analysis are described, including approximate methods such as the Master formula, the Born approximation, Parratt's algorithm and the Distorted Wave Approximation.

Liquid Cell Electron Microscopy

DOWNLOAD
Author : Frances M. Ross
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2017

Liquid Cell Electron Microscopy written by Frances M. Ross and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Science categories.

2.6.2 Electrodes for Electrochemistry

Time Resolved Soft X Ray Absorption Spectroscopy Of Molecules In The Gas And Liquid Phases

DOWNLOAD
Author : Cédric Schmidt
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-03-19

Time Resolved Soft X Ray Absorption Spectroscopy Of Molecules In The Gas And Liquid Phases written by Cédric Schmidt and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-19 with Science categories.

This work studies the relaxation dynamics of molecules in both the gas and liquid phases after strong field ionization, using transient absorption in the soft X-rays. In particular, the thesis presents the first realization of time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy in the spectral water window with a laser-based HHG source. These remarkable experiments were not only performed for isolated molecules, but also in liquids, for which the spectral coverage of the K-edges of C, N, and O are of primary importance for investigating biological molecules. The technique relies on the generation of high-order harmonics to further probe the electronic structure of molecules. Using the atomic selectivity of high energies and the temporal coherence of laser technology, we demonstrate the observation of the first stages of chemical transformation of matter in the gas and liquid phases.

Ordering At The Gan Ga Solid Liquid Interface

DOWNLOAD
Author : Aryan Emke Freerk de Jong
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016

Ordering At The Gan Ga Solid Liquid Interface written by Aryan Emke Freerk de Jong and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.

Synchrotron Radiation In Materials Science

DOWNLOAD
Author : Chunhai Fan
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2018-05-29

Synchrotron Radiation In Materials Science written by Chunhai Fan and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-29 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Meeting the long-felt need for in-depth information on one of the most advanced material characterization methods, a top team of editors and authors from highly prestigious facilities and institutions covers a range of synchrotron techniques that have proven useful for materials research. Following an introduction to synchrotron radiation and its sources, the second part goes on to describe the various techniques that benefit from this especially bright light, including X-ray absorption, diffraction, scattering, imaging, and lithography. The thrid and final part provides an overview of the applications of synchrotron radiation in materials science. bridging the gap between specialists in synchrotron research and material scientists, this is a unique and indispensable resource for academic and industrial researchers alike.

Springer Handbook Of Advanced Catalyst Characterization

DOWNLOAD
Author : Israel E. Wachs
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-06-12

Springer Handbook Of Advanced Catalyst Characterization written by Israel E. Wachs and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-06-12 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Co-edited by world-renowned scientists in the field of catalysis, this book contains the cutting-edge in situ and operando spectroscopy characterization techniques operating under reaction conditions to determine a materials’ bulk, surface, and solution complex and their applications in the field of catalysis with emphasis on solid catalysts in powder form since such catalyst are relevant for industrial applications. The handbook covers from widely-used to cutting-edge techniques. The handbook is written for a broad audience of students and professionals who want to pursue the full capabilities available by the current state-of-the-art in characterization to fully understand how their catalysts really operate and guide the rational design of advanced catalysts. Individuals involved in catalysis research will be interested in this handbook because it contains a catalogue of cutting-edge methods employed in characterization of catalysts. These techniques find wide use in applications such as petroleum refining, chemical manufacture, natural gas conversion, pollution control, transportation, power generation, pharmaceuticals and food processing. fdsfds

X Ray Absorption Spectroscopy Of Semiconductors

DOWNLOAD
Author : Claudia S. Schnohr
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014-11-30

X Ray Absorption Spectroscopy Of Semiconductors written by Claudia S. Schnohr and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-11-30 with categories.

Handbook Of Solid State Chemistry 6 Volume Set

DOWNLOAD
Author : Richard Dronskowski
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2017-10-23

Handbook Of Solid State Chemistry 6 Volume Set written by Richard Dronskowski and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-23 with Technology & Engineering categories.

This most comprehensive and unrivaled compendium in the field provides an up-to-date account of the chemistry of solids, nanoparticles and hybrid materials. Following a valuable introductory chapter reviewing important synthesis techniques, the handbook presents a series of contributions by about 150 international leading experts -- the "Who's Who" of solid state science. Clearly structured, in six volumes it collates the knowledge available on solid state chemistry, starting from the synthesis, and modern methods of structure determination. Understanding and measuring the physical properties of bulk solids and the theoretical basis of modern computational treatments of solids are given ample space, as are such modern trends as nanoparticles, surface properties and heterogeneous catalysis. Emphasis is placed throughout not only on the design and structure of solids but also on practical applications of these novel materials in real chemical situations.