Individual Differences In Associative Learning

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Individual Differences In Associative Learning

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Author : Robin A. Murphy
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2014-09-24

Individual Differences In Associative Learning written by Robin A. Murphy and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-09-24 with Psychology categories.

Theories of associative learning have a long history in advancing the psychological account of behavior via cognitive representation. There are many components and variations of associative theory but at the core is the idea that links or connections between stimuli or responses describe important aspects of our psychological experience. This Frontiers Topic considers how variations in association formation can be used to account for differences between people, elaborating the differences between males and females, differences over the life span, understanding of psychopathologies or even across cultural contexts. A recent volume on the application of learning theory to clinical psychology is one example of this emerging application (e.g., Hazelgrove & Hogarth, 2012). The task for students of learning has been the development, often with mathematically defined explanations, of the parameters and operators that determine the formation and strengths of associations. The ultimate goal is to explain how the acquired representations influence future behavior. This approach has recently been influential in the field of neuroscience where one such learning operator, the error correction principle, has unified the understanding of the conditions which facilitate neuron activation with the computational goals of the brain with properties of learning algorithms (e.g., Rescorla & Wagner, 1972). In this Frontiers Research Topic, we are interested in a similar but currently developing aspect to learning theory, which is the application of the associative model to our understanding of individual differences, including psychopathology. In general, learning theories are monolithic, the same theory applies to the rat and the human, and within people the same algorithm is applied to all individuals. If so this might be thought to suggest that there is little that learning theory can tell us about the how males and females differ, how we change over time or why someone develops schizophrenia for instance. However, these theories have wide scope for developing our understanding of when learning occurs and when it is interfered with, along with a variety of methods of predicting these differences. We received contributions from researchers studying individual differences, including sex differences, age related changes and those using analog or clinical samples of personality and psychopathological disorders where the outcomes of the research bear directly on theories of associative learning. This Research Topic brings together researchers studying basic learning and conditioning processes but in which the basic emotional, attentional, pathological or more general physiological differences between groups of people are modeled using associative theory. This work involves varying stimulus properties and temporal relations or modeling the differences between groups.

The Psychology Of Sex Differences

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Author : Eleanor E. Maccoby
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University Press
Release Date : 1978

The Psychology Of Sex Differences written by Eleanor E. Maccoby and has been published by Stanford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Psychology categories.

A Stanford University Press classic.

Individual Differences In Associative Learning And Forgetting

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Author : Patrick C. Kyllonen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989

Individual Differences In Associative Learning And Forgetting written by Patrick C. Kyllonen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Memory categories.

Captive Animal Behavior Individual Differences In Learning And Cognition And Implications On Animal Welfare

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Author : Jan Langbein
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-01-05

Captive Animal Behavior Individual Differences In Learning And Cognition And Implications On Animal Welfare written by Jan Langbein and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-01-05 with Science categories.

Aptitude Learning And Instruction

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Author : Richard E. Snow
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2021-05-30

Aptitude Learning And Instruction written by Richard E. Snow and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-05-30 with Psychology categories.

For the previous 6 years before publication, Office of Naval Research (ONR) had been conducting a thematically oriented contract research program aimed, in large part, at developing the kind of broad theoretical framework necessary for a workable process interpretation of aptitude, learning, and performance. Originally published in 1980, the papers in this collection are generally addressed to three broad areas that were central to those interests of the ONR Personnel and Training Research Programs. One area is concerned with individual differences information processing, as revealed in simple laboratory or psychometric tests. The second area focuses on the structural aspects of learning and performance, using tools and concepts from semantic memory theory to describe what is learned and how it is learned. And the third area is aimed at the management of instruction: It addresses itself to the kinds of research and instructional designs required for effective implementation of adaptive instruction.

Biological Basis Of Sex Differences In Psychopharmacology

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Author : Jo C. Neill
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-07-20

Biological Basis Of Sex Differences In Psychopharmacology written by Jo C. Neill and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-07-20 with Science categories.

Sex matters! Are there differences between the sexes when it comes to brain function and the behaviours that result? This volume attempts to answer this fundamental question. If the answer is ‘yes’ then this should impact upon our approach to treating mental illness in humans, and to modelling it in animals, as we look for aetiological and pharmacological solutions.

Research In Education

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1973

Research In Education written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973 with Education categories.

Resources In Education

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993-07

Resources In Education written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-07 with Education categories.

Perspectives On Individual Differences Affecting Therapeutic Change In Communication Disorders

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Author : Amy L. Weiss
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Perspectives On Individual Differences Affecting Therapeutic Change In Communication Disorders written by Amy L. Weiss and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Psychology categories.

This volume examines the ramifications of individual differences in therapy outcomes for a wide variety of communication disorders. In an era where evidence-based practice is the clinical profession's watchword, each chapter attacks this highly relevant issue from a somewhat different perspective. In some areas of communication disorders, considering the variance brought by the client into the therapeutic 'mix' has a healthy history, whereas in others the notion of how individual client profiles mesh with therapy outcomes has rarely been considered. Through the use of research results, case study descriptions and speculation, the contributors have creatively woven what we know and what we have yet to substantiate into an interesting collection of summaries useful for therapy programming and designing clinical research.

Neural Circuitry Of Behavioral Flexibility Dopamine And Related Systems

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Author : Gregory B. Bissonette
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-03-22

Neural Circuitry Of Behavioral Flexibility Dopamine And Related Systems written by Gregory B. Bissonette and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-22 with Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry categories.

Decades of research have identified a role for dopamine neurotransmission in prefrontal cortical function and flexible cognition. Abnormal dopamine neurotransmission underlies many cases of cognitive dysfunction. New techniques using optogenetics have allowed for ever more precise functional segregation of areas within the prefrontal cortex, which underlie separate cognitive functions. Learning theory predictions have provided a very useful framework for interpreting the neural activity of dopamine neurons, yet even dopamine neurons present a range of responses, from salience to prediction error signaling. The functions of areas like the Lateral Habenula have been recently described, and its role, presumed to be substantial, is largely unknown. Many other neural systems interact with the dopamine system, like cortical GABAergic interneurons, making it critical to understand those systems and their interactions with dopamine in order to fully appreciate dopamine•s role in flexible behavior. Advances in human clinical research, like exome sequencing, are driving experimental hypotheses which will lead to fruitful new research directions, but how do (or should?) these clinical findings inform basic research? Following new information from these techniques, we may begin to develop a fresh understanding of human disease states which will inform novel treatment possibilities. However, we need an operational framework with which to interpret these new findings. Therefore, the purpose of this Research Topic is to integrate what we know of dopamine, the prefrontal cortex and flexible behavior into a clear framework, which will illuminate clear, testable directions for future research.