Inflammation And Oral Cancer
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Inflammation And Oral Cancer
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Author : Hiroyuki Tomita
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2021-09-01
Inflammation And Oral Cancer written by Hiroyuki Tomita and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-01 with Science categories.
Inflammation and Oral Cancer: From Bench to Bedside discusses all aspects surrounding the relationship between inflammation and oral cancer, from basic science to the translational research that helps in the optimization of clinical management strategies. The book discusses topics such as chronic inflammation and cancer in oral cavity, the role of HPV in oral inflammation and cancer, rodent models of oral cancer, and epigenetics in oral inflammation and cancer. This is a valuable resource for cancer researchers, oncologists and members of biomedical field who are interested in learning more about the diverse aspects of inflammation and oral cancer. Inflammation in oral mucosa can remodel the topography of the overlying epithelium. If such inflammation is chronic, it can have fundamental clinical consequences, the principal of which can be premalignant lesions throughout the alimentary tract. Furthermore, mucosal inflammation, even if subtle, is the single most common pathway for oral cancer - therefore it is very important to understand these interactions in detail. Presents animal models of oral cancers for use in research Discusses epigenetics in oral cancers, along with risk factors such as tabaco and alcohol Encompasses detailed information on human papilloma virus (HPV) and its risk in oral inflammation and cancer
Microbes And Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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Author : Samapika Routray
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-05-30
Microbes And Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma written by Samapika Routray and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-30 with Medical categories.
This book helps in understanding the relationship between microorganisms and oral carcinogenesis, and the possible oncogenic mechanisms enhancing the association. The book highlights the association between oral cancer, primarily oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a major global health problem with high incidence and low survival rates with infection and inflammation. Establishing the association of the oral microbiome with cancer risk may lead to significant advances in the understanding cancer etiology, potentially opening a new research paradigm for cancer prevention. The book takes the readers through interesting topics such as the epidemiology and etiology of OSCC, the hallmarks of cancer, and the role of inflammation in OCSS. It presents the difference between the normal and diseased oral microbiome. It further describes the carcino-pathogenesis of various groups. Finally, it discusses the clinical correlation of the observations and what the future looks like for this area of research. The book is interesting for medical students, researchers and clinicians, alike. The knowledge from the book can be exploited practically and used for designing further experiments.
Periodontal Disease And Cancer
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Author : Ngozi Nnonyelum Nwizu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Periodontal Disease And Cancer written by Ngozi Nnonyelum Nwizu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Background: Periodontal disease typically presents as a chronic, low grade inflammatory process involving the periodontium. However, it also has the potential to produce systemic effects at distant organs sites and has been linked to several systemic conditions including cancer. Epidemiological studies on the association between periodontal disease and cancer risk are however limited, but most suggest a positive association. Only three studies (3) so far have examined total cancer risk in a prospective study. With respect to individual cancer sites, to our knowledge, no large epidemiological prospective study has examined the association between periodontal disease and colorectal cancer. This is in spite of evidence from experimental studies linking an established periodontal pathogen, Fusobacterium nucleatum, to premalignant and cancerous lesions of the colorectum. This prospective study evaluated the association between periodontal disease and risk of diagnosis of incident total-, as well as, colorectal cancer. Since periodontal disease may influence cancer risk through its ability to induce a chronic, low-grade, systemic inflammation, and serum CRP is an established biomarker of systemic inflammation; this study also investigated the association between prevalence and severity of measured periodontal disease, and serum hsCRP levels. Furthermore, independent evaluations of the role of active gingival inflammation, and presence of select periodontal pathogens, in influencing serum hsCRP levels respectively were conducted. Potential interactions of each of these measures with periodontal disease in relation to serum hsCRP levels were also explored. Methods: These studies were conducted utilizing data from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI-OS). The study included three aims. Aim 1: evaluated the associations between periodontal disease and total cancer; Aim 2: evaluated the association of periodontal disease and colorectal cancer; and Aim 3 evaluated the association of periodontal disease and serum CRP levels. For the total cancer risk study, an analytic cohort of 65,869 postmenopausal women was used, while the colorectal cancer risk study involved 78,835 postmenopausal women. Periodontal disease status for these 2 studies was determined by self-report from the Year 5 Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI-OS) follow-up questionnaire administered from 1999 through 2003. These women were between the ages of 54-86 years at the time the periodontal questionnaire was administered and were followed up for a maximum period of 15 years. Total cancer and colorectal cancer were evaluated using the first diagnosis of any incident cancer or colorectal cancer reported after the year-5 visit respectively.^Adjudication of cancer cases was determined via medical records by physicians. The risk of diagnosis of incident total-, regional-, site-specific and colorectal cancers were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression. For the association between periodontal disease and serum CRP levels, we conducted a cross-sectional study utilizing data from 620 postmenopausal women (aged 53-83 years) in an ancillary study of the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI-OS) in Buffalo NY, the OsteoPerio Study. Periodontal disease status was determined using clinical measures based on the Center for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology (CDC/AAP) clinical case definition for periodontal disease; and independent measures of whole mouth mean, and worst site involvement of periodontal probing depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL), respectively. Serum hsCRP concentration was evaluated using an immunoturbidimetric assay. Mean percentage of bleeding sites on gentle probing (>50% cut point), was used to confirm the presence of active gingival inflammation; while presence of select periodontal pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella Forsythia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, and Campylobacter rectus), were detected by immunofluorescence and phase contrast microscopy using pooled sub-gingival plaque samples. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: 7,678 cases of primary incident cancer were diagnosed over a mean follow-up of 8. 32 years. Periodontal disease history was associated with a 12% statistically significant increased risk of diagnosis of cancer overall, after adjusting for potential confounders [HR 1. 12, 95% CI 1. 07-1. 18]. This finding remained significant among the sample of 34,097 women who had never smoked [HR 1. 11, 95% CI 1. 02-1. 20]. Statistically significant associations were also observed for cancers of the breast [HR 1. 10, 95% CI 1. 01-1. 19]; lung [HR 1. 31, 95% CI 1. 14-1. 51]; esophagus [HR 3. 28, 95% CI 1. 64-6. 53]; gallbladder [HR 1. 73, 95% CI 1. 01-2. 95]; and melanoma skin cancers [HR 1. 23, 95% CI 1. 02-1. 48]. There was a near significant association with stomach cancer [HR 1. 58, 95% CI 0. 94-2. 67], but no associations with cancers of the pancreas or genitourinary system. There was no association between periodontal disease and risk diagnosis of colorectal cancer, after adjusting for potential confounders [hazard ratio (HR) = 1. 08, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0. 92-1. 26]. Similarly, no associations were observed with respect to anatomic location (colon, rectum and recto-sigmoid cancers) and tumor characteristics respectively. There was significant interaction between periodontal disease and diagnosis of colorectal cancer according to hormone therapy (HT) use (p =0. 03), and stratified analyses suggest current HT users, particularly of estrogen plus progestin (E+P), with a history of periodontal disease have a higher risk of being diagnosed with colorectal cancer [HR =1. 76, 95% CI: 1. 20-2. 59]. This effect was enhanced on restriction to colon cancer alone [HR =2. 02, 95% CI: 1. 34-3. 05}. However, dose-response effect was not consistent with time on HT use. Other results from our study indicate that participants with "severe" periodontal disease according to the CDC/AAP Clinical Case Definition demonstrated an almost 2-fold higher odds of having high serum CRP concentrations (>3. 0mg/l), compared to those with no/mild disease, after adjusting for potential confounders (OR 1. 86, 95% CI 1. 06-3. 27). Positive, linear, but statistically insignificant associations were observed between whole mouth mean and worst site PPD and CAL measures. None of the select pathogens examined (alone or in groups), or the presence of active gingival inflammation evidenced by percentage of sites that bled on probing (>50%), were associated with serum hsCRP levels. Also, no significant interaction effects were observed between periodontal disease, and any of the pathogens, (alone or in groups), or mean percentage bleeding sites (>50% cut point), on the serum hsCRP concentrations. Conclusion: Periodontal disease may enhance the risk of being diagnosed with total cancer risk in postmenopausal women; this finding persisted when restricting to never smokers. This risk appears to be higher for certain anatomic sites, particularly those in close proximity to the oral cavity such as the esophagus and upper gastrointestinal regions, but does not appear to extend to lower gastrointestinal tract sites such as the colon and rectum. The observed association between women with periodontal disease who are on hormone therapy and risk of being diagnosed with incident colorectal cancer requires further exploration, and we cannot rule out that it may be due to chance. This study also affirms that chronic inflammation may be one mechanism by which periodontal disease is associated with cancer risk. Additional research in other prospective cohorts is needed.
Head And Neck Cancer Hallmarks Of The Inflammation Ecosystem
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Author : Norhafiza Mat Lazim
language : en
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers
Release Date : 2021-03-31
Head And Neck Cancer Hallmarks Of The Inflammation Ecosystem written by Norhafiza Mat Lazim and has been published by Bentham Science Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-31 with Medical categories.
This reference comprehensively covers the clinical aspects of head and neck neoplasms while also highlighting the relationship that exists between inflammation and these cancers. This relationship is critical as it dictates the risks, assessment, treatment, and prognosis of head and neck cancer patients. The book starts with an introduction to the inflammation ecosystem in head and neck malignancy, followed by detailed discussions on the types of head and neck malignancy and their histological classification. The book then provides information about specialized topics relevant to the specialty of head and neck oncology. Key Features: - Comprehensive coverage of head and neck cancers with topic-based chapters - Introductory text explaining the basics of inflammation - Detailed information on the relationship between inflammation and head and neck neoplasms - Information about the classification of head and neck cancers - Methods for diagnosis and treatment - Special topics such as complications caused by HPV infections, chemoradiation, immune-targeted therapy, and inflammatory biomarkers - References for further reading The combination of basic and advanced topics makes this book an informative reference for medical students and professionals at all levels. Residents specializing in otolaryngology, oncology, and surgery as well as researchers studying inflammation will also gain an understanding of the subject in relation to oncogenesis.
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language : en
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Salivary Interleukin 6 And 8 In Patients With Oral Cancer And Patients With Chronic Oral Inflammatory Diseases
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Salivary Interleukin 6 And 8 In Patients With Oral Cancer And Patients With Chronic Oral Inflammatory Diseases written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
The Translational And Therapeutic Potential Of The Tumor Microenvironment In Oral Cancer 2nd Edition
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Author : Keith David Hunter
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-11-06
The Translational And Therapeutic Potential Of The Tumor Microenvironment In Oral Cancer 2nd Edition written by Keith David Hunter and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-11-06 with Medical categories.
In recent years, the importance of the tissue surrounding a tumour, commonly termed the tumour microenvironment (TME), has been increasingly recognized. Whilst likely to play a tumour-suppressive role in the early stages of carcinogenesis, a wide array of evidence indicates the TME becomes corrupted by the presence of malignant cells and becomes tumour permissive, promoting growth, metastasis, immune evasion and therapeutic resistance. The major components of the TME are fibroblasts, immune cells, endothelial cells and the extracellular matrix in which they are embedded, but this is highly heterogeneous and site-specific, with other cells such as adipose, bone and neuronal likely to play a prominent role in some tumours. Other patient-specific factors are also likely to be important, including age and previous treatment. The multi-faceted contribution of the TME to tumourigenesis offers great potential for therapeutic intervention and biomarker development, but its inherent heterogeneity necessitates in-depth understanding of the contribution of different components of the TME to tumourigenesis to underpin clinical translation. This Research Topic will encompass a wide range of areas relating to the therapeutic opportunities offered by the tumour microenvironment of oral cancer, including (but not limited to) the role of fibroblasts, infiltrating immune and inflammatory cells and the extracellular matrix, including the influence of aging and previous treatment. The collection can encompass a range of oral tumours including mucosal cancers, salivary gland cancers and tumours of the jaws, including odontogenic tumours. This Research Topic will have a translational focus to it and may include biomarker development. We are particularly interested in receiving papers describing: - fundamental mechanisms underlying the contribution of components of the tumour microenvironment to carcinogenesis, tumour growth, metastasis and extra-nodal extension - the contribution of the physico-chemical environment to tumour progression - intercellular signalling pathways within the tumour microenvironment - the impact of ageing and previous treatment on the tumour microenvironment - tumour microenvironmental biomarkers - therapeutic targeting of components of the tumour microenvironment We welcome primary articles, review articles and mini reviews.
Oral Diseases
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Author : Gokul Sridharan
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2020-05-13
Oral Diseases written by Gokul Sridharan and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-05-13 with Medical categories.
Oral diseases are one of the more common non-communicable health diseases. They pose a major health burden for many countries and affect people throughout their lifetime causing pain, discomfort, disfigurement, and even death. As per WHO, it is estimated that oral diseases affect nearly 3.5 billion people globally. In developing countries, the estimate could be still higher owing to the lack of awareness among the general public, the lack of adequate infrastructure, and less accessibility to oral health care providers, especially amongst people of lower socio-economic status. The aim of this book is to provide an overview of various oral diseases with emphasis on the pathogenesis, investigation, and the management protocol of different oral and maxillofacial diseases.
Characterization Of The Autofluorescence Of Inflammation And Cancers Of The Oral Cavity
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Author : Douglas Lee Heintzelman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Characterization Of The Autofluorescence Of Inflammation And Cancers Of The Oral Cavity written by Douglas Lee Heintzelman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
Premalignant Conditions Of The Oral Cavity
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Author : Peter A. Brennan
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-01-07
Premalignant Conditions Of The Oral Cavity written by Peter A. Brennan and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-07 with Medical categories.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the 13th commonest cancer worldwide, and the most common cancer in the Asian subcontinent due to the widespread habit of tobacco and betel nut chewing. Despite many advances in diagnosis and treatment, the survival statistics have only marginally improved. However our understanding of the disease process and transformation from pre-cancerous lesions of the oral mucosa to an invasive SCC cancer and their progression has expanded exponentially. There are many conditions of the oral mucosa that can progress to an invasive malignancy. A thorough understanding of these conditions is a prerequisite for all those involved in the management of the diseases of the oral mucosa and head and neck region. The recognition and timely treatment of potentially pre-malignant conditions of the oral cavity can minimize the change to an overt malignancy in many patients through patient education, appropriate treatment and surveillance. In this book we cover relevant anatomy, biology, diagnosis and latest management strategies for pre-cancerous conditions that affect the oral mucosa. The respective chapters are written by expert contributors from around the world, lending the book a global perspective and making it an essential guide for all those involved in the management of pre-malignant lesions arising in this challenging anatomical region.