Inflammatory Mechanism Induced By Natural And Engineered Silica Particles In Human Derived Macrophages At Low Non Cytotoxic Doses
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Inflammatory Mechanism Induced By Natural And Engineered Silica Particles In Human Derived Macrophages At Low Non Cytotoxic Doses
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Inflammatory Mechanism Induced By Natural And Engineered Silica Particles In Human Derived Macrophages At Low Non Cytotoxic Doses written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Biology categories.
Particle size, phase, and transition metals have all been implicated in natural and engineered silica-induced respiratory effects, as well as cellular interactions. However, efforts to unambiguously determine their role in the pro-inflammatory mechanism induction have been hampered due to the use of inhomogeneous samples, with incomplete characterization and the use of high cytotoxic doses. Here, engineered micro- and nano- sized silica particles, which are more homogenous in their materials properties and used in a variety of applications, were characterized and compared to natural silica at a realistic dose level. Natural (2 æm) and engineered silica particles (2 æm and 50 nm) were characterized and controlled for size, morphology, phase, iron presence, surface area, and aggregation. A novel lipid peroxidation-dependent pro-inflammatory mechanism due to the influence of iron, particle size, and phase was hypothesized for these particles under a low non-cytotoxic dose closer to a realistic exposure regime. It was observed that at a 1 æg/ml low non-cytotoxic dose of silica the presence or addition of iron, reduction of particle size, and crystalline phase of natural silica significantly increased superoxide (O2.- ) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production in the macrophages. This increase in O2.- and H2O2 production, further lead to phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) - mediated inflammatory mediator or cytokine production in macrophages via lipid peroxidation and lipid raft disruption (large fraction sub-domains of plasma membrane involved in signal transduction). Addition of an iron chelator abrogated these responses, supporting the role of iron in the hypothesized mechanism. Activation of PC-PLC - induced inflammatory response was determined by using PC-PLC inhibitor, Tricychodecan-9-yl-xanthate, which blocked the inflammatory mediator production. Microscopy studies with cell-particle interaction revealed that particle size also influenced the uptake of silica particles in the macrophages mainly via phagocytosis, since binding and activation of membrane receptors and subsequent internalization is strongly dependent on nanoparticle size. Also, a high cytotoxic dose of 100 æg/ml showed macrophage particle overload for both particle sizes, with macrophage damage possibly leading to catastrophic release of inflammatory mediators that could obfuscate study of the normal inflammatory response, emphasizing the need for studies with realistic exposure doses. In summary, this work demonstrated the role of particle size, iron, and phase in a lipid raft dependent-inflammatory mechanism induced by particles at a realistic exposure dose via PC-PLC. It should lead to a better understanding of the mechanism and important parameters for the particle-induced inflammatory response of the lungs, and therefore, control of the respiratory effects caused by real-life exposure to natural and engineered particles.
Autoimmunity
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Author : Andras Perl
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Autoimmunity written by Andras Perl and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Autoimmune Diseases / physiopathology / Laboratory Manuals categories.
Continued refinement of wide-spread access to transgenic technology has allowed for new animal models have been developed that exhibit features of autoimmune disease. have been developed that exhibit features of autoimmune disease. The second edition of Autoimmunity: Methods and Protocols researchers in the field detail many of the most up-to-date methods which are now commonly used to study autoimmunity. The first half the book focuses on methods and protocols used to assess immunological and biochemical pathways of diseases pathogenesis in human subjects. While the second half investigates treatment of inflammatory arthritis, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), IDDM, scleroderma, and uveitis in animal models and assessment of genetic, immunological, and biochemical parameters underlying spontaneous or exogenous antigen-induced diseases. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology(tm) series format, the chapters include the kind of detailed description and implementation advice that is crucial for getting optimal results in the laboratory. Through and intuitive, Autoimmunity: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition seeks to aid scientists in the autoimmunity field to extract new meaning of old models and developing new ones.
Polymer Particles
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Author : Masayoshi Okubo
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2005-02-10
Polymer Particles written by Masayoshi Okubo and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-02-10 with Technology & Engineering categories.
In this special volume on polymer particles, recent trends and developments in the synthesis of nano- to micron-sized polymer particles by radical polymerization (Emulsion, Miniemulsion, Microemulsion, and Dispersion Polymerizations) of vinyl monomers in environmentally friendly heterogeneous aqueous and supercritical carbon dioxide fluid media are reviewed by prominent worldwide researchers. In addition to the important challenges and possibilities with regards to design and preparation of functionalized polymer particles of controlled size, the topics described are of great current interest due to the increased awareness of environmental issues.
Probiotics And Child Gastrointestinal Health
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Author : Stefano Guandalini
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-06-17
Probiotics And Child Gastrointestinal Health written by Stefano Guandalini and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-17 with Medical categories.
This book shows the huge impact the gut microbiota has on the gastrointestinal health of humans with a particular focus on children. It also highlights the potential use of probiotic microorganisms to protect or improve children’s gastrointestinal health. Humans are not single organisms: We are a multi-organism structure composed of ourselves and our microbiota, living in close symbiosis since birth and even before. The huge impact that the billons of microscopic cells living in our gut have on our gastrointestinal and systemic health cannot be overestimated. The enormous progress that has been made in the past decade in our still very incomplete understanding of the gut microbiota is opening the door to potential applications in human health that were simply unthinkable before. One of the most interesting aspects of this new scientific horizon is the fact that we may identify (or even create in the laboratory) and utilize many of these “friendly bacteria” to protect, or improve our health. Thus, strains of probiotic microorganisms are being identified and studied in a vast array of clinical scenarios. Among the most investigated areas for probiotics is the gastrointestinal health of children. The topics addressed in this book are spanning from the development of the gut microbiota in the fetus and newborn all the way to current and potential applications in disparate conditions such as necrotizing enterocolitis, or infectious, or inflammatory conditions affecting the child. The book is written in a rigorous, evidence based manner by an international group of outstanding experts in these fields and is aimed at pediatric gastroenterologists, pediatricians and physician scientists alike.
Adverse Effects Of Engineered Nanomaterials
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Author : Bengt Fadeel
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2012-01-27
Adverse Effects Of Engineered Nanomaterials written by Bengt Fadeel and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-27 with Medical categories.
An essential reference that discusses occupational exposure and the adverse health effects of engineered nanomaterials and highlights current and future biomedical applications of these nanomaterials in relation to nanosafety.
Biochemical Toxicology
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Author : Muharrem Ince
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2020-07-29
Biochemical Toxicology written by Muharrem Ince and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-29 with Medical categories.
Biochemical Toxicology - Heavy Metals and Nanomaterials provides an overview of biochemical contamination, nanomaterials and toxic metals, and measurement techniques. It explains and clarifies important studies and compares and develops new and groundbreaking measurement techniques in the fields of organic and inorganic pollution and nanoscience. It is highly recommended for professionals and readers interested in the environment and human health.
The Infrared Spectra Of Complex Molecules
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Author : L. J. Bellamy
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2012-02-21
The Infrared Spectra Of Complex Molecules written by L. J. Bellamy and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-02-21 with Science categories.
Inflammation And Cancer
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Author : Bharat B. Aggarwal
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-05-12
Inflammation And Cancer written by Bharat B. Aggarwal and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-12 with Medical categories.
This volume examines in detail the role of chronic inflammatory processes in the development of several types of cancer. Leading experts describe the latest results of molecular and cellular research on infection, cancer-related inflammation and tumorigenesis. Further, the clinical significance of these findings in preventing cancer progression and approaches to treating the diseases are discussed. Individual chapters cover cancer of the lung, colon, breast, brain, head and neck, pancreas, prostate, bladder, kidney, liver, cervix and skin as well as gastric cancer, sarcoma, lymphoma, leukemia and multiple myeloma.
Hypertension
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Author : Rhian M. Touyz
language : en
Publisher: Humana
Release Date : 2017-01-24
Hypertension written by Rhian M. Touyz and has been published by Humana this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-24 with Science categories.
This volume provides comprehensive protocols that researchers can use to dissect out fundamental principles and molecular mechanisms of hypertension, extending from genetics of experimental hypertension to biomarkers in clinical hypertension. Hypertension: Methods and Protocols guides readers through chapters on genetics and mmics of hypertension; the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System; vasoactive agents and hypertension; signal transduction and reactive oxygen species; novel cell models and approaches to study molecular mechanisms of hypertension; vascular physiology; and new approaches to manipulate mouse models to study molecular mechanisms of hypertension. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Hypertension: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.
Algae
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Author : Nooruddin Thajuddin
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2016-06-29
Algae written by Nooruddin Thajuddin and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-29 with Science categories.
Algae - Organisms for Imminent Biotechnology will be useful source of information on basic and applied aspects of algae for post graduate students, researchers, scientists, agriculturists, and decision makers. The book comprises a total of 12 chapters covering various aspects of algae particularly on microalgal biotechnology, bloom dynamics, photobioreactor design and operation of microalgal mass cultivation, algae used as indicator of water quality, microalgal biosensors for ecological monitoring in aquatic environment, carbon capture and storage by microalgae to enhancing CO2 removal, synthesis and biotechnological potentials of algal nanoparticles, biofilms, silica-based nanovectors, challenges and opportunities in marine algae, and genetic identification and mass propagation of economically important seaweeds and seaweeds as source of new bioactive prototypes.