Insect Predator Prey Dynamics
DOWNLOAD
Download Insect Predator Prey Dynamics PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Insect Predator Prey Dynamics book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
Insect Predator Prey Dynamics
DOWNLOAD
Author : A. F. G. Dixon
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2000-06
Insect Predator Prey Dynamics written by A. F. G. Dixon and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-06 with Nature categories.
Much of our understanding about insect predator-prey dynamics has been due to studies on insect parasitoids. But do true predators such as ladybird beetles really operate in a similar way and how does this affect their use in biological control? The extensive literature on ladybirds as biocontrol agents shows that their size and rate of development is very dependent on the nature of their prey. This volume explores basic ladybird biology, their association with their prey and its effect on development rate and body size. Optimal foraging theory, field observations and laboratory experiments are used to illustrate how ladybird larvae maximise their rate of energy intake, and ladybird adults their fitness. The interdependence of these life history parameters is then used to develop a simple predator-prey model which, with an analysis of the literature, highlights the specific attributes of potentially successful biocontrol agents for all those interested in predator-prey dynamics.
The Dynamics Of Arthopod Predator Prey Systems Mpb 13 Volume 13
DOWNLOAD
Author : Michael Patrick Hassell
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2020-03-31
The Dynamics Of Arthopod Predator Prey Systems Mpb 13 Volume 13 written by Michael Patrick Hassell and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-31 with Science categories.
In this study of arthropod predador-prey systems Michael Hassell shows how many of the components of predation may be simply modeled in order to reveal their effects on the overall dynamics of the interacting populations. Arthropods, particularly insects, make ideal subjects for such a study because their generation times are characteristically short and many have relatively discrete generations, inviting the use of difference equation models to describe population changes. Using analytical models framed in difference equations, Dr. Hassell is able to show how the detailed biological processes of insect predator-prey (including host-parasitoid) interactions may be understood. Emphasizing the development and subsequent stability analysis of general models, the author considers in detail several crucial components of predator-prey models: the prey's rate of increase as a function of density, non-random search, mutual interference, and the predator's rate of increase as a function of predator survival and fecundity. Drawing on the correspondence between the models and field and laboratory data, Dr. Hassell then discusses the practical implications for biological pest control and suggests how such models may help to formulate a theoretical basis for biological control practices.
Predator Prey Dynamics
DOWNLOAD
Author : Catherine Lee Craig
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1985
Predator Prey Dynamics written by Catherine Lee Craig and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with Insects categories.
Predator Prey Dynamics In Southern California Salt Marshes
DOWNLOAD
Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Predator Prey Dynamics In Southern California Salt Marshes written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Electronic books categories.
Predators and omnivores shape community structure and function by consuming (i.e. consumptive effects; CEs) and 'scaring' (i.e. nonconsumptive effects; NCEs) prey. Thus, predicting the consequences of predator-prey interactions has been a major focus of ecological research for several decades. For instance, understanding the mechanism(s) by which predators induce trophic cascades (i.e. CEs vs. NCEs) is important because the nature of this indirect interaction can critically influence ecosystem-level processes such as energy flow and nutrient cycling. Despite the vast literature on predator-prey interactions, few studies tested the role of predator and prey traits on the outcomes of these interactions. Recognizing this, I tested how predator traits [e.g. hunting mode (Chapter 1) and facultative omnivory (Chapter 2 & 3)] and prey traits [e.g. habitat domain range (Chapter 1)] impact the outcome of predator-prey interactions in natural systems. In Chapter 1, I examined the trait-mediated indirect interaction (TMII) and total indirect interaction (TII) produced during interactions between an active, broad habitat domain range (BHDR) ladybeetle predator ( Naemia seriata) and its narrow habitat domain range (NHDR) prey (scale insects; Haliaspsis spartinae). I exposed scale insects to nonlethal and lethal ladybeetle predators in laboratory mesocosms for 15 weeks. I measured how these interactions indirectly impacted the growth of the scale insect's host plant (cordgrass; Spartina foliosa) and the population density of scale insects. Contrary to theoretical predictions based on these predator and prey traits, nonlethal ladybeetles did not induce TMIIs. However, lethal ladybeetles increased cordgrass total and root dry biomass by 36% and 44% (respectively), suggesting the presence of strong density-mediated indirect interactions (DMIIs). Additionally, both lethal and nonlethal ladybeetles reduced scale insect population density. My findings suggest that DMIIs, rather than TMIIs, can result from interactions between active, BHDR predators and NHDR prey. In Chapter 2, I used three primary experiments to assess the relationship between habitat use (based on the availability of animal and/or plant prey resources) and performance for an important insect omnivore (ladybeetles). First, I used field manipulations of resource availability (i.e. scale insects and cordgrass pollen) to examine the habitat use of ladybeetle predators. Second, I conducted a series of no-choice laboratory assays to compare the performance (fecundity and longevity) of ladybeetles on these different resources. Third, I quantified adult ladybeetle preference for olfactory cues from cordgrass with and without scale insects using a ytube olfactometer. In the field, adult ladybeetles selectively used plots containing scale insects. In the lab, diets containing scale insects maximized both adult and larval ladybeetle longevity, and adult fecundity. Adult ladybeetles were attracted to chemical cues associated with scale insects over distances of 10s of centimeters. Overall, my findings suggest that the habitat use and performance of ladybeetles are strongly linked, with ladybeetles preferentially using habitats that maximize their individual performance. Collectively, my dissertation suggests that the functional traits of predators and prey can provide useful insights into when, where, and how predators may exert top-down effects on ecological communities.
The Dynamics Of Competition And Predation
DOWNLOAD
Author : Michael Patrick Hassell
language : en
Publisher: Hodder Education
Release Date : 1976
The Dynamics Of Competition And Predation written by Michael Patrick Hassell and has been published by Hodder Education this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with Science categories.
Insect Defenses
DOWNLOAD
Author : David L. Evans
language : en
Publisher: SUNY Press
Release Date : 1990-01-01
Insect Defenses written by David L. Evans and has been published by SUNY Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990-01-01 with Science categories.
This work takes a fresh, modern approach to investigate and explain the predator and prey relationships of insects and spiders, the major terrestrial fauna on earth. Devoted to broad and in-depth analysis of arthropod defenses against predators, the book's approach is both experimentally and theoretically based with major emphasis on evolution, predator strategies and tactics, and prey defensive adaptations and behaviors. The authors explain such topics as cryptic and aposematic coloration, the conflict between sexual and survival needs, web spider prey choice and evolution of prey counter defenses, predator-prey interactions and the origins of intelligence, bird predatory tactics, and caterpillar defense strategies. Also examined is the use of timing for fitness and survival, evolutionary gamesmanship in the predatory bat-moth relationship, colony defense by aper wasps, startle as a defense by moths, aggregation as a defense, chemicals as defenses, plant chemicals as defenses, and venoms as defenses. The authors illustrate each topic with numerous specific well-documented examples presented in a clear, readable style.
Consumer Resource Dynamics Mpb 36
DOWNLOAD
Author : William W. Murdoch
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2013-02-15
Consumer Resource Dynamics Mpb 36 written by William W. Murdoch and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-02-15 with Science categories.
Despite often violent fluctuations in nature, species extinction is rare. California red scale, a potentially devastating pest of citrus, has been suppressed for fifty years in California to extremely low yet stable densities by its controlling parasitoid. Some larch budmoth populations undergo extreme cycles; others never cycle. In Consumer-Resource Dynamics, William Murdoch, Cherie Briggs, and Roger Nisbet use these and numerous other biological examples to lay the groundwork for a unifying theory applicable to predator-prey, parasitoid-host, and other consumer-resource interactions. Throughout, the focus is on how the properties of real organisms affect population dynamics. The core of the book synthesizes and extends the authors' own models involving insect parasitoids and their hosts, and explores in depth how consumer species compete for a dynamic resource. The emerging general consumer-resource theory accounts for how consumers respond to differences among individuals in the resource population. From here the authors move to other models of consumer-resource dynamics and population dynamics in general. Consideration of empirical examples, key concepts, and a necessary review of simple models is followed by examination of spatial processes affecting dynamics, and of implications for biological control of pest organisms. The book establishes the coherence and broad applicability of consumer-resource theory and connects it to single-species dynamics. It closes by stressing the theory's value as a hierarchy of models that allows both generality and testability in the field.
Trophic And Guild Interactions In Biological Control
DOWNLOAD
Author : Jacques Brodeur
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-06-03
Trophic And Guild Interactions In Biological Control written by Jacques Brodeur and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-06-03 with Science categories.
This volume explores modern concepts of trophic and guild interactions among natural enemies in natural and agricultural ecosystems - a field that has become a hot topic in ecology and biological control over the past decade. It is the first book on trophic and guild interactions to make the link to biological control, and is compiled by internationally recognized scientists who have combined their expertise.
Energy And Nutrient Dynamics Of Predator And Prey Arthropod Populations In A Grassland Ecosystem
DOWNLOAD
Author : Robert Irving Van Hook
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1970
Energy And Nutrient Dynamics Of Predator And Prey Arthropod Populations In A Grassland Ecosystem written by Robert Irving Van Hook and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1970 with Arthropoda categories.
Predator Prey Dynamics
DOWNLOAD
Author : Michael R. Conover
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2007-03-30
Predator Prey Dynamics written by Michael R. Conover and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-03-30 with Nature categories.
Humans, being visually oriented, are well versed in camouflage and how animals hide from predators that use vision to locate prey. However, many predators do not hunt by sight; they hunt by scent. This raises the question: do survival mechanisms and behaviors exist which allow animals to hide from these olfactory predators? If so, what are they, a