Institutions By Imposition
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Institutions By Imposition
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Author : Reo Matsuzaki
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Institutions By Imposition written by Reo Matsuzaki and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
What explains variation in institution-building under foreign occupations? Why do some state-building missions produce effective and durable state institutions, while others leave a legacy of weak or dysfunctional ones? I explored these questions through a comparative study of the Japanese colonization of Taiwan (1895-1945) and the American colonization of the Philippines (1898-1941), which produced contrasting institutional legacies despite the presence of similar initial conditions. While a strong bureaucratic Taiwanese state arose in the aftermath of Japanese colonization, the legacy of the American occupation of the Philippines was a weak postcolonial state penetrated by parochial interests. I explain variation in institution-building outcomes through two causal variables: (i) the degree of discretionary power afforded to the occupational administration by the home government; and (ii) the ability of native elites to effectively resist the institution-building effort. Discretionary power allows reform agents to abandon any pre-formulated (and likely ill-conceived) plans, and instead flexibly integrate native laws, norms, and customs with their new institutional designs. Additionally, and contrary to conventional wisdom, more effective institutions emerge when native elites possess the willingness and capacity to resist (even violently) the institution-building effort of foreign agents. The reformist state-building agenda of occupiers is likely to be in direct opposition to the distributional interests of native elites, who seek to maintain their advantageous position within the existing order. It is, therefore, only under the threat of effective resistance that foreign agents will accommodate the interests of native elites to forge institutions with local ownership. The main empirical chapters of the dissertation draw on more than two years of original archival research in fourteen libraries and depositories across Japan, Taiwan, and the United States. In both cases, my analysis focused on the similarities and differences in the process through which education and police institutions were developed over time; these two areas were chosen due their importance for a country's political stability and socioeconomic development. The applicability of conclusions drawn from the historical cases to contemporary state-building missions was assessed through an examination of recent U.S. efforts at building a police institution in Afghanistan.
Institutions In Action
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Author : Tiziana Andina
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-03-30
Institutions In Action written by Tiziana Andina and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-30 with Philosophy categories.
This edited volume presents the social ontology of institutions. It questions what institutions are, what features and properties institutions have and what kinds of institution are present in the social world. The book answers these questions from both a speculative and an applied approach, it argues for a specific definition of institutions as a rule-based equilibria, as collective epistemic agent that is characterized by meaning, principles and power and as product of a We-mode and an imposition of a function. This book started from the interdisciplinary conference Playing by the Rules in Rijeka and contains contributions from Philosophy, Sociology and Economy. Institutions in Action is the first book to offer a comprehensive overview of the many different aspects and accounts about the social ontology of institutions. This much needed book presents researchers a very wide state of the art about the topic of institution by presenting the many differences that emerge in comparing the different positions.
The Imposition Of Law
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Author : Sandra Burman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979
The Imposition Of Law written by Sandra Burman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with Law categories.
Reconfiguring Institutions Across Time And Space
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Author : D. Galvan
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2007-03-19
Reconfiguring Institutions Across Time And Space written by D. Galvan and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-03-19 with Political Science categories.
This book examines how novel institutional forms emerge when actors creatively reinterpret and reconfigure imported or imposed institutional models, using case studies from East Asia, the Middle East, Africa and Latin America.
Imposed Institutions And Preferences For Redistribution
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Author : Alberto Chong
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Imposed Institutions And Preferences For Redistribution written by Alberto Chong and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Government ownership categories.
Pollution And Property
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Author : Daniel H. Cole
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2002-07-18
Pollution And Property written by Daniel H. Cole and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-07-18 with Law categories.
Environmental protection and resource conservation depend on the imposition of property rights (broadly defined) because in the absence of some property system - private, common, or public - resource degradation and depletion are inevitable. But there is no universal, first-best property regime for environmental protection in this second-best world. Using case studies and examples taken from countries around the world, this 2002 book demonstrates that the choice of ownership institution is contingent upon institutional, technological, and ecological circumstances that determine the differential costs of instituting, implementing, and maintaining alternative regimes. Consequently, environmental protection is likely to be more effective and more efficient in a society that relies on multiple (and often mixed) property regimes. The book concludes with an assessment of the important contemporary issue of 'takings', which arise when different property regimes collide.
Statebuilding By Imposition
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Author : Reo Matsuzaki
language : en
Publisher: Cornell University Press
Release Date : 2019-03-15
Statebuilding By Imposition written by Reo Matsuzaki and has been published by Cornell University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-15 with Political Science categories.
How do modern states emerge from the turmoil of undergoverned spaces? This is the question Reo Matsuzaki ponders in Statebuilding by Imposition. Comparing Taiwan and the Philippines under the colonial rule of Japan and the United States, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, he shows similar situations produce different outcomes and yet lead us to one conclusion. Contemporary statebuilding efforts by the US and the UN start from the premise that strong states can and should be constructed through the establishment of representative government institutions, a liberalized economy, and laws that protect private property and advance personal liberties. But when statebuilding runs into widespread popular resistance, as it did in both Taiwan the Philippines, statebuilding success depends on reconfiguring the very fabric of society, embracing local elites rather than the broad population, and giving elites the power to discipline the people. In Taiwan under Japanese rule, local elites behaved as obedient and effective intermediaries and contributed to government authority; in the Philippines under US rule, they became the very cause of the state's weakness by aggrandizing wealth, corrupting the bureaucracy, and obstructing policy enforcement. As Statebuilding by Imposition details, Taiwanese and Filipino history teaches us that the imposition of democracy is no guarantee of success when forming a new state and that illiberal actions may actually be more effective. Matsuzaki's controversial political history forces us to question whether statebuilding, given what it would take for this to result in the construction of a strong state, is the best way to address undergoverned spaces in the world today.
Do Institutions Matter
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Author : R. Kent Weaver
language : en
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
Release Date : 2010-12-01
Do Institutions Matter written by R. Kent Weaver and has been published by Brookings Institution Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-12-01 with Political Science categories.
As a stunning tide of democratization sweeps across much of the world, countries must cope with increasing problems of economic development, political and social integration, and greater public demand of scarce resources. That ability to respond effectively to these issues depends largely on the institutional choices of each of these newly democratizing countries. With critics of national political institutions in the United States arguing that the American separation-of-powers system promotes ineffectiveness and policy deadlock, many question whether these countries should emulate American institutions or choose parliamentary institutions instead. The essays in this book fully examine whether parliamentary government is superior to the separation-of-powers system through a direct comparison of the two. In addressing specific policy areas—such as innovation and implementation of energy policies after the oil shocks of 1970, management of societal cleavages, setting of government priorities in budgeting, representation of diffuse interest in environmental policy, and management of defense forces—the authors define capabilities that allow governments to respond to policy problems. Do Institutions Matter? includes case studies that bear important evidence on when and how institutions influence government effectiveness. The authors discover a widespread variation among parliamentary systems both in institutional arrangements and in governmental capabilities, and find that many of the failings of policy performance commonly attributed to American political institutions are in fact widely shared among western industrial countries. Moreover, they show how American political institutions inhibit some government capabilities while enhancing others. Changing American institutions to improve some aspects of governmental performance could hurt other widely valued capabilities. The authors draw important guidelines for institutional reformers wh
Institutional Requirements For Effective Imposition Of Fines
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Author : Anne Morrison Piehl
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Institutional Requirements For Effective Imposition Of Fines written by Anne Morrison Piehl and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Economics categories.
A long theoretical literature in economics addresses the heavy reliance of the U.S. criminal justice system on very expensive forms of punishment - prison - when cheaper alternatives - such as fines and other sanctions - are available. This paper analyzes the role of fines as a criminal sanction within the existing institutional structure of criminal justice agencies, modeling heterogeneity in how people respond to various sanctions and threat of sanctions. From research on the application of fines in the U.S., we conclude that fines are economical only in relation to other forms of punishment; for many crimes fines will work well for the majority of offenders but fail miserably for a significant minority; that fines present a number of very significant administrative challenges; and that the political economy of fine imposition and collection is complex. Despite these facts, and with the caveats that jurisdictions vary tremendously and that there are large gaps in our knowledge about them, we build a model showing that it is possible to expand the use of fines as a criminal sanction if institutional structures are developed with these concerns in mind -- National Bureau of Economic Research web site.
Resource Regimes
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Author : Oran R. Young
language : en
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Release Date : 1982-01-01
Resource Regimes written by Oran R. Young and has been published by Univ of California Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.