Integration Of Transport Pathways In Yeast
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Integration Of Transport Pathways In Yeast
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Author : Gabriel Alfaro
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Integration Of Transport Pathways In Yeast written by Gabriel Alfaro and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Carrier proteins categories.
Cell polarity is maintained via a balance of exocytosis and endocytosis; the protein machinery that mediates these transport processes must be co-ordinated with membrane lipid signals. This lipid signalling is, in part, dependent on the establishment of membrane domains through lipid transport. Cholesterol is transported via a poorly defined route that is independent of vesicle-mediated secretory protein transport. This "non-vesicular" sterol transport is postulated to involve the conserved family of Oxysterol binding protein (OSBP) Related Proteins (ORPs), which are proposed to be sterol lipid transport proteins (LTPs). To test if ORPs primarily act as sterol LTPs or alternatively as sterol-responsive signalling proteins, the function of Saccharomyces cerevisiae OSBP Homologues (OSH1-OSH7) were analyzed. Depletion of all Osh proteins in yeast cells inhibited growth, and defects in endocytosis, polarized exocytosis, and sterol homeostasis, were observed. Consistent with a direct role in exocytosis, Oshdepletion disrupted the polarized localization of vesicle transport regulators (Rho- and Rab-GTPases, and exocyst complex subunits) and the Osh protein Osh4p was observed to travel on exocytic vesicles to sites of polarized growth. Osh4p also formed complexes in vivo with specific Rho- and Rab-GTPases, and exocyst complex subunits. Contrary to the postulated role of ORPs as LTPs, a designed mutation in Osh4p that disrupts its ability to bind and thereby transport sterols, did not inactivate the protein but caused a gain-of-function phenotype affecting exocytosis. Our experiments suggested that ORPs are not sterol LTPs and implied that sterols act as signalling ligands that repress Osh4p, and potentially other ORPs. To understand how Osh proteins might simultaneously affect both exocytosis and endocytosis, I tested whether the regulation of the exocytic and endocytic machinery are directly coupled. I found that the Rab GTPase Sec4p, which is an integral component of exocytosis, directly interacted with specific endocytic proteins at actin patches. SEC4 was required for proper endocytic site assembly and actin patch polarization, indicating that Sec4p links exocytosis and endocytosis to maintain cell polarization. Because these novel mechanisms involving sterol signalling and cell polarization are likely to be conserved, I propose these studies have broader medical implications applicable to cancer cell growth and metastasis.
Integration Of Transport Pathways In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
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Author : Jesper Johansen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Integration Of Transport Pathways In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae written by Jesper Johansen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Plasma membrane (PM) homeostasis is essential for viability and depends on maintaining a constant balance between the amount of membrane material arriving at the cell cortex and the amount recycled. This membrane transport is mediated by two distinct mechanisms: (i) vesicular transport, utilizing membrane-enclosed vesicles for bulk transport of membrane proteins and lipids; and (ii) non-vesicular lipid transport. While the molecular mechanisms of these processes are well defined, they are generally considered independent events but how they are integrated is poorly understood. To gain insight into how these transport pathways are coordinated at the PM, three avenues of research were conducted using a combination of genetic, biochemical and live-cell microscopy assays. First, I showed that the Oxysterol-binding protein-related protein (ORP) Osh4p, implicated in non-vesicular sterol transfer, was found to associate with exocytic vesicles and formed complexes with regulators of polarized exocytosis, including the small GTPases Sec4p, Cdc42p, and Rho1p. Second, I tested the function of the evolutionarily conserved endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated protein Arv1p, also suggested to be involved in non-vesicular sterol transfer. Ultimately Arv1p was found to be dispensable for sterol exchange between the ER and PM but instead it was shown to play an important role in maintaining ER ultrastructure; Arv1p might be involved in regulating insertion of tail-anchored proteins into membranes. Finally, the essential yeast Rab GTPase Sec4p, principally known to be a key regulator of exocytosis, was shown to mechanistically couple polarized exocytosis with cortical actin polymerization, which activates Las17p (the yeast Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome [WASp])-dependent endocytosis. Las17p activation results in actin filament nucleation, which pulls the PM inward for endocytic vesicle biogenesis. Sec4p thereby represents the first direct regulatory link that couples exocytosis and endocytosis, which we termed \"yeast compensatory endocytosis.\" By identifying novel mechanisms that coordinate intracellular transport pathways, these studies provided important new insights into how PM homeostasis is regulated and maintained.
Intercellular Transport Of Yeast Integral Plasma Membrane And Secretory Proteins
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Author : William James Hansen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1985
Intercellular Transport Of Yeast Integral Plasma Membrane And Secretory Proteins written by William James Hansen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with categories.
Yeast Membrane Transport
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Author : José Ramos
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-12-31
Yeast Membrane Transport written by José Ramos and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-12-31 with Science categories.
This contributed volume reviews the recent progress in our understanding of membrane transport in yeast including both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and non-conventional yeasts. The articles provide a summary of the key transport processes and put these in a systems biology context of cellular regulation, signal reception and homeostasis. After a general introduction, readers will find review articles covering the mechanisms and regulation of transport for various substrates ranging from diverse nutrients to cations, water and protons. These articles are complemented by a chapter on extremophilic yeast, a chapter on the mathematical modelling of ion transport and two chapters on the role of transport in pathogenic yeasts and antifungal drug resistance. Each article provides both a general overview of the main transport characteristics of a specific substrate or group of substrates and the unique details that only an expert working in the field is able to transmit to the reader. Researchers and students of the topic will find this book to be a useful resource for membrane transport in yeast collecting information in one complete volume, which is otherwise scattered across many papers. This might also be interesting for scientists investigating other species in order to compare transport mechanisms with known functions in yeast with the cells on which they work.
Cellular Integration Of Signalling Pathways In Plant Development
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Author : Fiorella Lo Schiavo
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Cellular Integration Of Signalling Pathways In Plant Development written by Fiorella Lo Schiavo and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Science categories.
In the last few years there have been tremendous advances in the understanding of signals and signalling pathways that operate at the cellular level and lead to developmental processes. In 27 chapters, this volume investigates the cellular and molecular basis of plant development. It highlights the most recent progress on signals, machinery, and pathways in the plant cell. Emphasis is placed on integrating these studies with those on cell division, cell plate formation, and other aspects of plant development, in order to elucidate the intricate relationships between them.
Molecular Biology And Genetic Engineering Of Yeasts
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Author : Henri Heslot
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-01-18
Molecular Biology And Genetic Engineering Of Yeasts written by Henri Heslot and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-18 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering of Yeasts presents a comprehensive examination of how yeasts are used in genetic engineering. The book discusses baker's yeast, in addition to a number of unconventional yeasts being used in an increasing number of studies. 175 figures help illustrate the information presented. Topics discussed include yeast transformation, yeast plasmids, protein localization and processing in yeast, protein secretion, various aspects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and heterologous expression and secretion.
Integration Of General Amino Acid Control And Tor Regulatory Pathways In Yeast
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Author : Kirk A. Staschke
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Integration Of General Amino Acid Control And Tor Regulatory Pathways In Yeast written by Kirk A. Staschke and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Rapamycin categories.
Two important nutrient sensing and regulatory pathways, the general amino acid control (GAAC) and the target of rapamycin (TOR), participate in the control of yeast growth and metabolism in response to changes in nutrient availability. Starvation for amino acids activates the GAAC through Gcn2p phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF2 and preferential translation of GCN4, a transcription activator. TOR senses nitrogen availability and regulates transcription factors, such as Gln3p. We used microarray analyses to address the integration of the GAAC and TOR pathways in directing the yeast transcriptome during amino acid starvation and rapamycin treatment. We found that the GAAC is a major effector of the TOR pathway, with Gcn4p and Gln3p each inducing a similar number of genes during rapamycin treatment. While Gcn4p activates a common core of 57 genes, the GAAC directs significant variations in the transcriptome during different stresses. In addition to inducing amino acid biosynthetic genes, Gcn4p activates genes required for assimilation of secondary nitrogen sources, such as g-amino-butyric acid (GABA). Gcn2p activation upon shifting to secondary nitrogen sources is suggested to occur by means of a dual mechanism. First, Gcn2p is induced by the release of TOR repression through a mechanism involving Sit4p protein phosphatase. Second, this eIF2 kinase is activated by select uncharged tRNAs, which were shown to accumulate during the shift to GABA medium. This study highlights the mechanisms by which the GAAC and TOR pathways are integrated to recognize changing nitrogen availability and direct the transcriptome for optimal growth adaptation.
Trafficking Inside Cells
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Author : Nava Segev
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-05-30
Trafficking Inside Cells written by Nava Segev and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-05-30 with Science categories.
This book covers the past, present and future of the intra-cellular trafficking field, which has made a quantum leap in the last few decades. It details how the field has developed and evolved as well as examines future directions.
Systematic Analysis Of Protein Transport Pathways In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
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Author : Sebastian Eising
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Systematic Analysis Of Protein Transport Pathways In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae written by Sebastian Eising and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
Protein Targeting Transport And Translocation
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Author : Ross Dalbey
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2002-04-09
Protein Targeting Transport And Translocation written by Ross Dalbey and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-04-09 with Science categories.
Protein Targeting, Transport, and Translocation presents an in-depth overview on the topic of protein synthesis, covering all areas of protein science, including protein targeting, secretion, folding, assembly, structure, localization, quality control, degradation, and antigen presentation. Chapters also include sections on the history of the field as well as summary panels for quick reference. Numerous color illustrations complement the presentation of material. This book is an essential reference for anyone in biochemistry and protein science, as well as an excellent textbook for advanced students in these and related fields. Basic principles and techniques Targeting adn sorting sequences Protein export in bacteria Membrane protein integration into ER and bacterial membranes Protein translocation across the ER Disulfide bond formation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes Quality control in the export pathway Import of proteins into organelles The secretory pathway Vesicular transport Spectacular color throughout