Interacting Electrons In Reduced Dimensions
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Interacting Electrons In Reduced Dimensions
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Author : Dionys Baeriswyl
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Interacting Electrons In Reduced Dimensions written by Dionys Baeriswyl and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
As its name suggests, the 1988 workshop on "Interacting Electrons in Reduced Dimen the wide variety of physical effects that are associated with (possibly sions" focused on strongly) correlated electrons interacting in quasi-one- and quasi-two-dimensional mate rials. Among the phenomena discussed were superconductivity, magnetic ordering, the metal-insulator transition, localization, the fractional Quantum Hall effect (QHE), Peierls and spin-Peierls transitions, conductance fluctuations and sliding charge-density (CDW) and spin-density (SDW) waves. That these effects appear most pronounced in systems of reduced dimensionality was amply demonstrated at the meeting. Indeed, when concrete illustrations were presented, they typically involved chain-like materials such as conjugated polymers, inorganic CDW systems and organie conductors, or layered materials such as high-temperature copper-oxide superconductors, certain of the organic superconductors, and the QHE samples, or devices where the electrons are confined to a restricted region of sample, e. g. , the depletion layer of a MOSFET. To enable this broad subject to be covered in thirty-five lectures (and ab out half as many posters), the workshop was deliberately focused on theoretical models for these phenomena and on methods for describing as faithfully as possible the "true" behav ior of these models. This latter emphasis was especially important, since the inherently many-body nature of problems involving interacting electrons renders conventional effec tive single-particle/mean-field methods (e. g. , Hartree-Fock or the local-density approxi mation in density-functional theory) highly suspect. Again, this is particularly true in reduced dimensions, where strong quantum fluctuations can invalidate mean-field results.
Strong Interactions In Low Dimensions
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Author : D. Baeriswyl
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-09-29
Strong Interactions In Low Dimensions written by D. Baeriswyl and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-09-29 with Science categories.
This book provides an attempt to convey the colorful facets of condensed matter systems with reduced dimensionality. Some of the specific features predicted for interacting one-dimensional electron systems, such as charge- and spin-density waves, have been observed in many quasi-one-dimensional materials. The two-dimensional world is even richer: besides d-wave superconductivity and the Quantum Hall Effect - perhaps the most spectacular phases explored during the last two decades - many collective charge and spin states have captured the interest of researchers, such as charge stripes or spontaneously generated circulating currents. Recent years have witnessed important progress in material preparation, measurement techniques and theoretical methods. Today larger and better samples, higher flux for neutron beams, advanced light sources, better resolution in electron spectroscopy, new computational algorithms, and the development of field-theoretical approaches allow an in-depth analysis of the complex many-body behaviour of low-dimensional materials. The epoch when simple mean-field arguments were sufficient for describing the gross features observed experimentally is definitely over. The Editors' aim is to thoroughly explain a number of selected topics: the application of dynamical probes, such as neutron scattering, optical absorption and photoemission, as well as transport studies, both electrical and thermal. Some of the more theoretical chapters are directly relevant for experiments, such as optical spectroscopy, transport in one-dimensional models, and the phenomenology of charge inhomogeneities in layered materials, while others discuss more general topics and methods, for example the concept of a Luttinger liquid and bosonization, or duality transformations, both promising tools for treating strongly interacting many-body systems.
Low Dimensional Systems
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Author : Tobias Brandes
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2008-01-11
Low Dimensional Systems written by Tobias Brandes and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-01-11 with Science categories.
Experimental progress over the past few years has made it possible to test a n- ber of fundamental physical concepts related to the motion of electrons in low dimensions. The production and experimental control of novel structures with typical sizes in the sub-micrometer regime has now become possible. In parti- lar, semiconductors are widely used in order to con?ne the motion of electrons in two-dimensional heterostructures. The quantum Hall e?ect was one of the ?rst highlights of the new physics that is revealed by this con?nement. In a further step of the technological development in semiconductor-heterostructures, other arti?cial devices such as quasi one-dimensional ‘quantum wires’ and ‘quantum dots’ (arti?cial atoms) have also been produced. These structures again di?er very markedly from three- and two-dimensional systems, especially in relation to the transport of electrons and the interaction with light. Although the technol- ical advances and the experimental skills connected with these new structures are progressing extremely fast, our theoretical understanding of the physical e?ects (such as the quantum Hall e?ect) is still at a very rudimentary level. In low-dimensional structures, the interaction of electrons with one another and with other degrees of freedoms such as lattice vibrations or light gives rise to new phenomena that are very di?erent from those familiar in the bulk ma- rial. The theoretical formulation of the electronic transport properties of small devices may be considered well-established, provided interaction processes are neglected.
Electron Phonon Interactions In Low Dimensional Structures
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Author : Lawrence John Challis
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Electron Phonon Interactions In Low Dimensional Structures written by Lawrence John Challis and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Science categories.
The study of electrons and holes confined to two, one and even zero dimensions has uncovered a rich variety of new physics and applications. This book describes the interaction between these confined carriers and the optic and acoustic phonons within and around the confined regions. Phonons provide the principal channel of energy transfer between the carriers and their surroundings and also the main restriction to their room temperature mobility. But they have many other roles; they provide for example an essential feature of the operation of the quantum cascade laser. Since their moment at the relevant energies are well matched to those of electrons, they can also be used to probe electronic properties such as the confinement width of 2D electron gases and the dispersion curve of quasiparticles in the fractional quantum Hall effect. The book describes both the physics of the electron-phonon interaction in the different confined systems and the experimental and theoretical techniques that have been used in its investigation. The experimental methods include optical and transport techniques as well techniques in which phonons are used as the experimental probe. The aim of the book is to provide an up-to-date review of the physics and its significance in device performance. It is also written to be explanatory and accessible to graduate students and others new to the field.
Electron Electron Correlation Effects In Low Dimensional Conductors And Superconductors
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Author : Alexandr A. Ovchinnikov
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Electron Electron Correlation Effects In Low Dimensional Conductors And Superconductors written by Alexandr A. Ovchinnikov and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Advances in the physics and chemistry of low-dimensional systems have been really magnificent in the last few decades. Hundreds of quasi-one-dimensional and quasi-two-dimensional systems have been synthesized and studied. The most popular representatives of quasi-one-dimensional materials are polyacethylenes CH [1] and conducting donor-acceptor molecular crystals TIF z TCNQ. Examples of quasi-two-dimensional systems are high temperature su perconductors (HTSC) based on copper oxides LA2CU04, YBa2Cu306+y and organic superconductors based on BEDT -TIP molecules. The properties of such one- and two-dimensional materials are not yet fully understood. On the one hand, the equations of motion of one-dimensional sys tems are rather simple, which facilitates rigorous solutions of model problems. On the other hand, manifestations of various interactions in one-dimensional systems are rather peculiar. This refers, in particular, to electron--electron and electron-phonon interactions. Even within the limit of a weak coupling con stant electron--electron correlations produce an energy gap in the spectrum of one-dimensional metals implying a Mott transition from metal to semiconductor state. In all these cases perturbation theory is inapplicable. Which is one of the main difficulties on the way towards a comprehensive theory of quasi-one-dimensional systems. - This meeting held at the Institute for Theoretical Physics in Kiev May 15-18 1990 was devoted to related problems. The papers selected for this volume are grouped into three sections.
Low Dimensional Interacting Electron Systems In A Magnetic Field
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Author : Veikko Halonen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Low Dimensional Interacting Electron Systems In A Magnetic Field written by Veikko Halonen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Electron-electron interactions categories.
New Horizons In Low Dimensional Electron Systems
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Author : H. Aoki
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
New Horizons In Low Dimensional Electron Systems written by H. Aoki and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
In Bird of Passage by Rudolf Peierls, we find a paragraph in which he de scribes his Cambridge days in the 1930s: On these [relativistic field theory] problems my main contacts were Dirac, and the younger theoreticians. These included in particular Nevill (now Sir Nevill) Mott, perhaps the friendliest among many kind and friendly people we met then. Professor Kamimura became associated with Sir Rudolf Peierls in the 1950s, when he translated, with his colleagues, Peierls's 1955 textbook, Quantum Theory of Solids, into Japanese. This edition, to which Sir Rudolf himself contributed a preface, benefitted early generations of Japanese solid state physicists. Later in 1974/5, during a sabbatical year spent at the Cavendish Laboratory, Professor Kamimura met and began a long association with Sir Nevill Mott. In particular, they developed ideas for disordered systems. One of the outcomes is a paper coauthored by them on ESR-induced variable range hopping in doped semiconductors. A series of works on disordered systems, together with those on two-dimensional systems, have served as building blocks for Physics of Interacting Electrons in Disordered Systems, in the International Series of Monographs on Physics, coauthored by Aoki and published in 1989 by the Oxford University Press. Soon after Professor Kamimura obtained a D. Sc. in 1959 for the work on the ligand field theory under the supervision ofMasao Kotani, his strong con nections in the international physical community began when he worked at the Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1961/64.
Strongly Correlated Electrons In Two Dimensions
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Author : Sergey Kravchenko
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-05-25
Strongly Correlated Electrons In Two Dimensions written by Sergey Kravchenko and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-05-25 with Science categories.
The properties of strongly correlated electrons confined in two dimensions are a forefront area of modern condensed matter physics. In the past two or three decades, strongly correlated electron systems have garnered a great deal of scientific interest due to their unique and often unpredictable behavior. Two of many examples are the metallic state and the metal–insulator transition discovered in 2D semiconductors: phenomena that cannot occur in noninteracting systems. Tremendous efforts have been made, in both theory and experiment, to create an adequate understanding of the situation; however, a consensus has still not been reached. Strongly Correlated Electrons in Two Dimensions compiles and details cutting-edge research in experimental and theoretical physics of strongly correlated electron systems by leading scientists in the field. The book covers recent theoretical work exploring the quantum criticality of Mott and Wigner–Mott transitions, experiments on the metal–insulator transition and related phenomena in clean and dilute systems, the effect of spin and isospin degrees of freedom on low-temperature transport in two dimensions, electron transport near the 2D Mott transition, experimentally observed temperature and magnetic field dependencies of resistivity in silicon-based systems with different levels of disorder, and microscopic theory of the interacting electrons in two dimensions. Edited by Sergey Kravchenko, a prominent experimentalist, this book will appeal to advanced graduate-level students and researchers specializing in condensed matter physics, nanophysics, and low-temperature physics, especially those involved in the science of strong correlations, 2D semiconductors, and conductor–insulator transitions.
Interacting Electrons And Quantum Magnetism
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Author : Assa Auerbach
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Interacting Electrons And Quantum Magnetism written by Assa Auerbach and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
In the excitement and rapid pace of developments, writing pedagogical texts has low priority for most researchers. However, in transforming my lecture l notes into this book, I found a personal benefit: the organization of what I understand in a (hopefully simple) logical sequence. Very little in this text is my original contribution. Most of the knowledge was collected from the research literature. Some was acquired by conversations with colleagues; a kind of physics oral tradition passed between disciples of a similar faith. For many years, diagramatic perturbation theory has been the major theoretical tool for treating interactions in metals, semiconductors, itiner ant magnets, and superconductors. It is in essence a weak coupling expan sion about free quasiparticles. Many experimental discoveries during the last decade, including heavy fermions, fractional quantum Hall effect, high temperature superconductivity, and quantum spin chains, are not readily accessible from the weak coupling point of view. Therefore, recent years have seen vigorous development of alternative, nonperturbative tools for handling strong electron-electron interactions. I concentrate on two basic paradigms of strongly interacting (or con strained) quantum systems: the Hubbard model and the Heisenberg model. These models are vehicles for fundamental concepts, such as effective Ha miltonians, variational ground states, spontaneous symmetry breaking, and quantum disorder. In addition, they are used as test grounds for various nonperturbative approximation schemes that have found applications in diverse areas of theoretical physics.
Interacting Electrons
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Author : Richard M. Martin
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2016-06-30
Interacting Electrons written by Richard M. Martin and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-30 with Computers categories.
This book sets out modern methods of computing properties of materials, including essential theoretical background, computational approaches, practical guidelines and instructive applications.