Interface Driven Spin Orbit Torques In Magnetic Heterostructures

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Interface Driven Spin Orbit Torques In Magnetic Heterostructures

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Author : Maxwell Spencer Mann
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018

Interface Driven Spin Orbit Torques In Magnetic Heterostructures written by Maxwell Spencer Mann and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.

The connection between charge and spin transport in solid state materials offers new techniques for generating and detecting spin currents and could potentially allow high-performance memory and logic devices. Simple multilayer thin films or “heterostructures” such as Pt/Co have broken inversion symmetry, so a charge current gives rise to net spin current. Electrical and optical measurements reveal the effect of spin current on the magnetization, including chiral spin textures such as domain walls (DWs) and skyrmions. The magnetic properties of an ultrathin magnetic film are strongly sensitive to interfacial effects such as interfacial anisotropy and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction (DMI), which stabilizes chiral spin textures. This thesis is motivated to systematically vary the layer structure of magnetic heterostructures to understand and quantify spin-orbit torques. I showed that switching efficiency is consistent with harmonic spin orbit torque measurements in Pt/Co/Ta. My automation software and improved electromagnet enabled a new experimental technique that highlights the role of DMI in spin-orbit torque switching. I showed that a gold spacer layer inserted between platinum and cobalt independently modulates the DMI and spin transport. I demonstrated SOT switching of a ferromagnetic insulator for the first time. I also developed a temperature-controlled, high-speed electrical and optical measuring system to observe record-breaking DW velocity in ferrimagnetic GdCo. This thesis focuses on building experimental apparatus and understanding spin-orbit torques.

Spin Orbit Torque Measurements In Heavy Metal Ferromagnet Heterostructures Using The Magneto Optic Kerr Effect

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Author : Halise Celik
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018

Spin Orbit Torque Measurements In Heavy Metal Ferromagnet Heterostructures Using The Magneto Optic Kerr Effect written by Halise Celik and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.

Spin-orbit coupling in heavy-metal/ferromagnet (HM/FM) bilayer heterostructures has attracted considerable attention because it provides an efficient way to manipulate the magnetization with strong current-driven spin-orbit torques (SOTs), which may lead to new technologies for nonvolatile magnetic memory and logic devices. An electric current flowing through a heavy metal generates a field-like spin-orbit torque (FT) and a damping-like spin-orbit torque (DT) on the magnetization of a neighboring ferromagnet. Two mechanisms have been proposed to explain the generation of SOTs: the Rashba-Edelstein effect due to interfacial spin-orbit coupling and the spin Hall effect in the bulk of materials with strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC). Much effort has been dedicated to identifying the dominant mechanism of the SOTs; however, the underlying mechanism for the SOC-driven phenomena remained unsettled. In this thesis, we develop a sensitive SOT magnetometer based on the magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE) that measures the SOTs for HM/FM bilayers over a wide thickness range. We observe that the DT inversely scales with the ferromagnet thickness, and the FT has a threshold effect that appears only when the ferromagnetic layer is thinner than 1 nm. Through a thickness-dependence study with an additional copper insertion layer at the interface, we conclude that both SHE and Rashba effect exist in HM/FM heterostructures. The relative strengths of their contributions depend on the material system. ☐ We have also demonstrated that MOKE with normal incidence light can be used to obtain the DT and FT in HM/FM bilayers by analyzing the polar Kerr effect as well as the quadratic Kerr effect. The two effects can be distinguished by properly selecting the polarization of the incident light. We study a series of Pt/Py bilayers to verify the accuracy of this method. The angular dependence of SOTs in Ta (2 nm)/CoFeB (1 nm)/MgO (3 nm) trilayers with perpendicular magnetization is quantified based on polar MOKE with field calibration. A strong angular dependence is observed that is different from the previous experimental observations. Based on this strong angle dependence, we conclude there is a strong Rashba effect in this system. Simultaneous detection of current-driven DT and FT in HM/FM bilayers by measuring all three magnetization components , and using a vector-resolved MOKE technique based on quadrant detection has also been accomplished. The technique can be easily extended to measure SOTs in systems with perpendicular magnetization, as well as in systems with arbitrary magnetization direction.

Spin Current

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Author : Sadamichi Maekawa
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017

Spin Current written by Sadamichi Maekawa and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Science categories.

In a new branch of physics and technology, called spin-electronics or spintronics, the flow of electrical charge (usual current) as well as the flow of electron spin, the so-called "spin current", are manipulated and controlled together. This book is intended to provide an introduction and guide to the new physics and applications of spin current.

Quantum Spin Transport And Collective Magnetic Dynamics In Heterostructures

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Author : Scott Andrew Bender
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014

Quantum Spin Transport And Collective Magnetic Dynamics In Heterostructures written by Scott Andrew Bender and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.

This thesis advances the theory of quantum and semiclassical transport in magnetic heterostructures. In the solid state, angular momentum can be carried by individual electrons and collective modes. The flow of angular momentum (a spin current), central to the operation of spintronic devices, is generated by the application of electric and magnetic fields and temperature gradients. In what follows, we explore the physics of such nonequilibrium spin currents in magnetic structures, involving an interplay of charge and magnetic dynamics and thermoelectric effects. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the transport of spin in magnets, carried by electrons and collective excitations of the magnetic order. Chapters 2-6 study the role of thermal fluctuations in transport and magnetic dynamics. In Chapter 2, we describe how incoherent thermal fluctuations of the spin density (magnons), which open inelastic scattering channels, contribute to spin and energy transport between a normal metal and a magnet. Such (temperature-dependent) transport may arise from a thermal gradient applied across the metal/magnet interface or a spin accumulation inside the normal metal and may alter or even drive magnetic dynamics. Chapter 3, is dedicated to the realization of Bose-Einstein condensed magnons (previously observed by microwave pumping) in a normal metal/insulating ferromagnet heterostructure. As is described in Chapter 2, the combination of a temperature gradient and normal metal spin accumulation can drive spin into the insulating ferromagnet, accumulating as magnons; upon reaching a critical density, the magnons, which are bosonic, spontaneously form a quasi-equilibrium condensate. Chapter 4 focuses on thermally driven spin-torques in electrically insulating structures, wherein direct electric control of magnetic dynamics is prohibited. In contrast to the interfacial transport described in Chapter 2, where a spin accumulation is to necessary to observe magnetic dynamics, here we demonstrate how spin-torques can arise from a pure thermal gradient in a heterostructure. These spin-torques can be measured by ferromagnetic resonance and can, under a sufficiently strong bias, actuate magnetic switching. Chapter 5 concerns charge transport in a single-electron transistor, consisting of a magnetic quantum dot in contact with magnetic and normal metal leads. Microwave-driven precession by the dot induces a pumped electric current, which can be enhanced and made highly nonlinear by electron interactions (Coulomb blockade). The dependence of the resulting electrical response on the power and spectrum of microwave irradiation may be utilized to develop nanoscale microwave detectors analogous to single-electron transistor-based electrostatic sensors and nanoelectromechanical devices. In Chapter 6 we study bilayers, composed of a nonmagnetic conducting and a magnetic layer. We develop a general phenomenology for the magnetic and charge dynamics, which are coupled by spin-orbit interactions. In contrast to Chapters 2-4, we focus on the long-wavelength magnetic dynamics, which is subject to current-induced torques and produces fictitious electromotive forces that drive charge dynamics.}

Frontiers In Materials Rising Stars 2020

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Author : Anastasiia O. Krushynska
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2021-07-08

Frontiers In Materials Rising Stars 2020 written by Anastasiia O. Krushynska and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-07-08 with Technology & Engineering categories.

The Frontiers in Materials Editorial Office team are delighted to present the second edition of the “Rising Stars” article collection, “Frontiers in Materials: Rising Stars 2020”, showcasing the high-quality work of internationally recognized researchers in the early stages of their independent careers. All Rising Star researchers featured within this collection were individually nominated by the Topic Editors in recognition of their potential to influence the future directions of their respective fields. The work presented here highlights the diversity of research performed across the entire breadth of the materials science and engineering field and presents advances in theory, experimentation, and methodology with applications for solving compelling problems. This Editorial features the corresponding author(s) of each paper published within this important collection, ordered by section alphabetically, highlighting them as the great researchers of the future. The Frontiers in Materials Editorial Office team would like to thank each researcher who contributed their work to this collection. We would also like to personally thank the Topic Editors for their exemplary leadership of this article collection; their strong support and passion for this important, community-driven collection has ensured its success and global impact. Emily Young Journal Development Manager

Handbook Of Magnetic Materials

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Author : Ekkes H. Brück
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2020-11-29

Handbook Of Magnetic Materials written by Ekkes H. Brück and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-29 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Handbook of Magnetic Materials, Volume 29, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters written by an international board of authors on topics such as spin-orbit torque. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Handbook of Magnetic Materials series

Nanophysics Nanomaterials Interface Studies And Applications

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Author : Olena Fesenko
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-09-04

Nanophysics Nanomaterials Interface Studies And Applications written by Olena Fesenko and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-04 with Science categories.

This book presents some of the latest achievements in nanotechnology and nanomaterials from leading researchers in Ukraine, Europe, and beyond. It features selected peer-reviewed contributions from participants in the 4th International Science and Practice Conference Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials (NANO2016) held in Lviv, Ukraine on August 24-27, 2016. The International Conference was organized jointly by the Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv (Ukraine), University of Tartu (Estonia), University of Turin (Italy), and Pierre and Marie Curie University (France). Internationally recognized experts from a wide range of universities and research institutions share their knowledge and key results on topics ranging from nanooptics, nanoplasmonics, and interface studies to energy storage and biomedical applications.

Magnetic Heterostructures

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Author : H. Zabel
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2007-10-26

Magnetic Heterostructures written by H. Zabel and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-10-26 with Science categories.

Heterostructures consist of combinations of different materials, which are in contact through at least one interface. Magnetic heterostructures combine different physical properties which do not exist in nature. This book provides the first comprehensive overview of an exciting and fast developing field of research, which has already resulted in numerous applications and is the basis for future spintronic devices.

Nanomagnetic And Spintronic Devices For Energy Efficient Memory And Computing

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Author : Jayasimha Atulasimha
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2016-01-27

Nanomagnetic And Spintronic Devices For Energy Efficient Memory And Computing written by Jayasimha Atulasimha and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-27 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Nanomagnetic and spintronic computing devices are strong contenders for future replacements of CMOS. This is an important and rapidly evolving area with the semiconductor industry investing significantly in the study of nanomagnetic phenomena and in developing strategies to pinpoint and regulate nanomagnetic reliably with a high degree of energy efficiency. This timely book explores the recent and on-going research into nanomagnetic-based technology. Key features: Detailed background material and comprehensive descriptions of the current state-of-the-art research on each topic. Focuses on direct applications to devices that have potential to replace CMOS devices for computing applications such as memory, logic and higher order information processing. Discusses spin-based devices where the spin degree of freedom of charge carriers are exploited for device operation and ultimately information processing. Describes magnet switching methodologies to minimize energy dissipation. Comprehensive bibliographies included for each chapter enabling readers to conduct further research in this field. Written by internationally recognized experts, this book provides an overview of a rapidly burgeoning field for electronic device engineers, field-based applied physicists, material scientists and nanotechnologists. Furthermore, its clear and concise form equips readers with the basic understanding required to comprehend the present stage of development and to be able to contribute to future development. Nanomagnetic and Spintronic Devices for Energy-Efficient Memory and Computing is also an indispensable resource for students and researchers interested in computer hardware, device physics and circuits design.

Advances In Non Volatile Memory And Storage Technology

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Author : Yoshio Nishi
language : en
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
Release Date : 2019-06-15

Advances In Non Volatile Memory And Storage Technology written by Yoshio Nishi and has been published by Woodhead Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-15 with Science categories.

Advances in Nonvolatile Memory and Storage Technology, Second Edition, addresses recent developments in the non-volatile memory spectrum, from fundamental understanding, to technological aspects. The book provides up-to-date information on the current memory technologies as related by leading experts in both academia and industry. To reflect the rapidly changing field, many new chapters have been included to feature the latest in RRAM technology, STT-RAM, memristors and more. The new edition describes the emerging technologies including oxide-based ferroelectric memories, MRAM technologies, and 3D memory. Finally, to further widen the discussion on the applications space, neuromorphic computing aspects have been included. This book is a key resource for postgraduate students and academic researchers in physics, materials science and electrical engineering. In addition, it will be a valuable tool for research and development managers concerned with electronics, semiconductors, nanotechnology, solid-state memories, magnetic materials, organic materials and portable electronic devices. Discusses emerging devices and research trends, such as neuromorphic computing and oxide-based ferroelectric memories Provides an overview on developing nonvolatile memory and storage technologies and explores their strengths and weaknesses Examines improvements to flash technology, charge trapping and resistive random access memory