International Monetary Fund Imf Working Papers In Full Text
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International Monetary Fund Imf Working Papers In Full Text
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language : en
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International Monetary Fund Imf Working Papers In Full Text written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Provides access to the full texts of working papers from the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Notes the title, author, series title, and publication date for each entry. Offers access to a site search engine, ordering information, and information on other IMF publications. Links to the IMF home page.
The Return Of The Policy That Shall Not Be Named Principles Of Industrial Policy
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Author : Reda Cherif
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2019-03-26
The Return Of The Policy That Shall Not Be Named Principles Of Industrial Policy written by Reda Cherif and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-26 with Business & Economics categories.
Industrial policy is tainted with bad reputation among policymakers and academics and is often viewed as the road to perdition for developing economies. Yet the success of the Asian Miracles with industrial policy stands as an uncomfortable story that many ignore or claim it cannot be replicated. Using a theory and empirical evidence, we argue that one can learn more from miracles than failures. We suggest three key principles behind their success: (i) the support of domestic producers in sophisticated industries, beyond the initial comparative advantage; (ii) export orientation; and (iii) the pursuit of fierce competition with strict accountability.
Imf Working Paper
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language : en
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Imf Working Paper written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Balance of payments categories.
"IMF Working Papers series are designed to make IMF research available to a wide audience. About 150 Working Papers are released each year, covering a wide range of topics of both a theoretical and an analytical nature, including balance of payments, monetary and fiscal issues, global liquidity, and national and international economic developments." Web site provides Working Papers in full text from 1997 to present.
Recognizing Reality Unification Of Official And Parallel Market Exchange Rates
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Author : Mr.Simon T Gray
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2021-02-05
Recognizing Reality Unification Of Official And Parallel Market Exchange Rates written by Mr.Simon T Gray and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-05 with Business & Economics categories.
Some central banks have maintained overvalued official exchange rates, while unable to ensure that supply of foreign exchange meets legitimate demand for current account transactions at that price. A parallel exchange rate market develops, in such circumstances; and when the spread between the official and parallel rates is both substantial and sustained, price levels in the economy typically reflect the parallel market exchange rate. “Recognizing reality” by allowing economic agents to use a market clearing rate benefits economic activity without necessarily leading to more inflation. But a unified, market-clearing exchange rate will not stabilize without a supportive fiscal and monetary context. A number of country case studies are included; my thanks to Jie Ren for pulling together all the data for the country case studies, and the production of the charts.
Breaking Through The Zero Lower Bound
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Author : Ruchir Agarwal
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2015-10-23
Breaking Through The Zero Lower Bound written by Ruchir Agarwal and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-10-23 with Business & Economics categories.
There has been much discussion about eliminating the “zero lower bound” by eliminating paper currency. But such a radical and difficult approach as eliminating paper currency is not necessary. Much as during the Great Depression—when countries were able to revive their economies by going off the gold standard—all that is needed to empower monetary policy to cut interest rates as much as needed for economic stimulus now is to change from a paper standard to an electronic money standard, and to be willing to have paper currency go away from par. This paper develops the idea further and shows how such a mechanism can be implemented in a minimalist way by using a time-varying paper currency deposit fee between private banks and the central bank. This allows the central bank to create a crawling-peg exchange rate between paper currency and electronic money; the paper currency interest rate can be either lowered below zero or raised above zero. Such an ability to vary the paper currency interest rate along with other key interest rates, makes it possible to stimulate investment and net exports as much as needed to revive the economy, even when inflation, interest rates, and economic activity are quite low, as they are currently in many countries. The paper also examines different options available to the central bank to return to par when negative interest rates are no longer needed, and the associated implications for the financial sector and debt contracts. Finally, the paper discusses various legal, political, and economic challenges of putting in place such a framework and how policymakers could address them.
Shadow Economies Around The World What Did We Learn Over The Last 20 Years
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Author : Leandro Medina
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2018-01-25
Shadow Economies Around The World What Did We Learn Over The Last 20 Years written by Leandro Medina and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-25 with Business & Economics categories.
We undertake an extended discussion of the latest developments about the existing and new estimation methods of the shadow economy. New results on the shadow economy for 158 countries all over the world are presented over 1991 to 2015. Strengths and weaknesses of these methods are assessed and a critical comparison and evaluation of the methods is carried out. The average size of the shadow economy of the 158 countries over 1991 to 2015 is 31.9 percent. The largest ones are Zimbabwe with 60.6 percent, and Bolivia with 62.3 percent of GDP. The lowest ones are Austria with 8.9 percent, and Switzerland with 7.2 percent. The new methods, especially the new macro method, Currency Demand Approach (CDA) and Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) in a structured hybrid-model based estimation procedure, are promising approaches from an econometric standpoint, alongside some new micro estimates. These estimations come quite close to others used by statistical offices or based on surveys.
Financial Crises Explanations Types And Implications
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Author : Mr.Stijn Claessens
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2013-01-30
Financial Crises Explanations Types And Implications written by Mr.Stijn Claessens and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-30 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper reviews the literature on financial crises focusing on three specific aspects. First, what are the main factors explaining financial crises? Since many theories on the sources of financial crises highlight the importance of sharp fluctuations in asset and credit markets, the paper briefly reviews theoretical and empirical studies on developments in these markets around financial crises. Second, what are the major types of financial crises? The paper focuses on the main theoretical and empirical explanations of four types of financial crises—currency crises, sudden stops, debt crises, and banking crises—and presents a survey of the literature that attempts to identify these episodes. Third, what are the real and financial sector implications of crises? The paper briefly reviews the short- and medium-run implications of crises for the real economy and financial sector. It concludes with a summary of the main lessons from the literature and future research directions.
Imf Working Paper
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Imf Working Paper written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Finance categories.
Cash Use Across Countries And The Demand For Central Bank Digital Currency
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Author : Mr.Tanai Khiaonarong
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2019-03-01
Cash Use Across Countries And The Demand For Central Bank Digital Currency written by Mr.Tanai Khiaonarong and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-01 with Business & Economics categories.
The level and trend in cash use in a country will influence the demand for central bank digital currency (CBDC). While access to digital currency will be more convenient than traveling to an ATM, it only makes CBDC like a bank debit card—not better. Demand for digital currency will thus be weak in countries where cash use is already very low, due to a preference for cash substitutes (cards, electronic money, mobile phone payments). Where cash use is very high, demand should be stronger, due to a lack of cash substitutes. As the demand for CBDC is tied to the current level of cash use, we estimate the level and trend in cash use for 11 countries using four different measures. A tentative forecast of cash use is also made. After showing that declining cash use is largely associated with demographic change, we tie the level of cash use to the likely demand for CBDC in different countries. In this process, we suggest that one measure of cash use is more useful than the others. If cash is important for monetary policy, payment instrument competition, or as an alternative payment instrument in the event of operational problems with privately supplied payment methods, the introduction of CBDC may best be introduced before cash substitutes become so ubiquitous that the viability of CBDC could be in doubt.
Financial Inclusion What Have We Learned So Far What Do We Have To Learn
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Author : Adolfo Barajas
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020-08-07
Financial Inclusion What Have We Learned So Far What Do We Have To Learn written by Adolfo Barajas and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-07 with categories.
The past two decades have seen a rapid increase in interest in financial inclusion, both from policymakers and researchers. This paper surveys the main findings from the literature, documenting the trends over time and gaps that have arisen across regions, income levels, and gender, among others. It points out that structural, as well as policy-related, factors, such as encouraging banking competition or channeling government payments through bank accounts, play an important role, and describes the potential macro and microeconomic benefits that can be derived from greater financial inclusion. It argues that policy should aim to identify and reduce frictions holding back financial inclusion, rather than targeting specific levels of inclusion. Finally, it suggests areas for future research.