Recognizing Reality Unification Of Official And Parallel Market Exchange Rates
DOWNLOAD
Download Recognizing Reality Unification Of Official And Parallel Market Exchange Rates PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Recognizing Reality Unification Of Official And Parallel Market Exchange Rates book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
Recognizing Reality Unification Of Official And Parallel Market Exchange Rates
DOWNLOAD
Author : Mr.Simon T Gray
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2021-02-05
Recognizing Reality Unification Of Official And Parallel Market Exchange Rates written by Mr.Simon T Gray and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-05 with Business & Economics categories.
Some central banks have maintained overvalued official exchange rates, while unable to ensure that supply of foreign exchange meets legitimate demand for current account transactions at that price. A parallel exchange rate market develops, in such circumstances; and when the spread between the official and parallel rates is both substantial and sustained, price levels in the economy typically reflect the parallel market exchange rate. “Recognizing reality” by allowing economic agents to use a market clearing rate benefits economic activity without necessarily leading to more inflation. But a unified, market-clearing exchange rate will not stabilize without a supportive fiscal and monetary context. A number of country case studies are included; my thanks to Jie Ren for pulling together all the data for the country case studies, and the production of the charts.
Recent Developments In Financial Management And Economics
DOWNLOAD
Author : Derbali, Abdelkader Mohamed Sghaier
language : en
Publisher: IGI Global
Release Date : 2024-03-18
Recent Developments In Financial Management And Economics written by Derbali, Abdelkader Mohamed Sghaier and has been published by IGI Global this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-03-18 with Business & Economics categories.
The field of Financial Management & Economics (FME) is constantly adapting to the changing economic landscape, observing the ongoing developments in the global business environment. These shifting dynamics have introduced a variety of influences, both fleeting and enduring, that deeply affect the decision-making foundations within the business arena. Researchers are tasked with shedding light on the bigger picture, capturing the essence of both subtle and significant shifts. As they confront unprecedented challenges, the imperative to document and comprehend these transformations resonates more urgently than ever before. Recent Developments in Financial Management and Economics is a work that beckons academics, researchers, and industry professionals to engage in the exploration of these changes. This book has a singular objective: to provide professionals, academics, and researchers with new theoretical frameworks and the latest empirical research findings. The book focuses on trust as a key driver, influencing different levels of Financial Management & Economics. It explores trust across the global economy and individual interactions in networked settings, offering guidance for navigating the complexities of today's interconnected financial and economic systems.
Bangladesh
DOWNLOAD
Author : International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2023-12-14
Bangladesh written by International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-14 with Business & Economics categories.
Bangladesh: Selected Issues
Distributional Consequences Of Wheat Policy In Sudan A Simulation Model Analysis
DOWNLOAD
Author : Dorosh, Paul A.
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2021-12-15
Distributional Consequences Of Wheat Policy In Sudan A Simulation Model Analysis written by Dorosh, Paul A. and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-15 with Political Science categories.
Despite reforms in early 2021, including a devaluation of the currency and a liberalization of imports, there remain significant distortions in Sudan’s wheat value chain, especially related to subsidized sales prices of flatbread. This flatbread subsidy, a key component of wheat policy, is not well-targeted. Calculations based on 2009 national household survey data and current 2021 prices and wheat supply show that urban poor households annually receive slightly less from this subsidy than urban non-poor households (18,900 and 20,800 SDG/capita). Rural poor households receive only 2,700 SDG/capita. This paper presents the results of several simulations of a partial equilibrium model of Sudan’s wheat economy that are designed to analyze the impacts of recent shocks and various policy options. Model simulations show that increased wheat imports, such as those financed by food aid, add to supplies for processing into wheat flour, flatbread, and other wheat products, resulting in lower prices for consumers and increased consumption, but also disincentives for production. A 300,000 ton increase in wheat imports, as occurred in early 2021, results in an 8 percent increase in wheat consumption and a 35 percent decline in the market price of non-flatbread wheat products. Production falls by 12 percent. Since flatbread prices are unchanged, wheat consumption of the urban poor, for whom flatbread is the major wheat product consumed, increases by only 4 percent. Raising flatbread prices by 30 percent to reduce the size of the fiscal subsidy reduces total consumption of flatbread by 17 percent and sharply reduces wheat consumption and real incomes of the urban poor. All households suffer a loss of 41 to 45 percent in the value of flatbread subsidies received. The urban poor experience the largest decline in total consumption of wheat (14 percent) and in total income (11 percent). (The average total income loss for all households is only 3 percent.) Reducing the flatbread subsidy without a compensating income transfer would significantly reduce the welfare of the urban poor and likely threaten political stability. Our results suggest that a combination of key wheat policies involving high levels of imports – including injection of food aid wheat into the economy in late 2020 – and subsidized flatbread will significantly benefit urban poor households. Nonetheless, the are important data gaps on several aspects of the wheat sector, including no recent nationally representative household expenditure survey data. In addition, greater transparency, including publication of quantities and prices of government purchases, sales of wheat and wheat flour, and quantities and prices of subsidized flatbread across the country has the potential to significantly increase the efficiency of the entire wheat sector. As shown in this paper, Sudan’s wheat policies in recent years, such as increased wheat imports, price subsidies in the wheat value chain, and low prices of flatbread, have in general favored consumers, to the detriment of producers. These interventions in the wheat value chain, especially those related to subsidies on flatbread, have especially large effects on the welfare of urban households, making these policies particularly politically sensitive. However, they have entailed high fiscal costs, threatening macro-economic stability and crowding out other possible investments to promote growth and poverty reduction. Careful policy analysis and ongoing monitoring of outcomes and new developments will be needed to help guide the important choices ahead.
The Power Of Cash
DOWNLOAD
Author : Jay L. Zagorsky
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2025-04-01
The Power Of Cash written by Jay L. Zagorsky and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-04-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Why cash is worth preserving in an increasingly “cashless” society Over the last thirty years, we have witnessed a rapid transformation in the way that people pay for goods and services. Where we used to use cash for all but our largest purchases, many people now prefer credit cards, debit cards, cryptocurrency, and electronic services like Venmo, PayPal, or Alipay. And that's not necessarily a good thing. In The Power of Cash: Why Using Paper Money is Good for You and Society, Professor Jay Zagorsky, former advisor to the Boston Federal Reserve, delivers a startlingly insightful and eye-opening discussion of the harmful and unintended consequences of the demise of paper money. The author convincingly argues that cash is an essential and helpful tool that's worth preserving for the long run. You'll learn why using cash makes it easier to control your spending, secures your anonymity and privacy against bad actors intent on stealing your data, mitigates the chaos of climate change and war, and helps the poor, vulnerable, unbanked, and disenfranchised to navigate society. You'll also discover: When business and governments can refuse to take your paper money How cash maintains your privacy and anonymity from tech companies, hackers, banks, and others How cash ensures companies cannot charge you a high “custom price” The potential dangers of giving governments control and knowledge of your spending How cash controls additional fees and costs associated with electronic purchases Perfect for anyone with an interest in the way we pay for the things we buy each and every day, The Power of Cash is also a must-read for people interested in the implications of a truly “cashless” society on personal finance, technology, politics, and social justice.
Argentina
DOWNLOAD
Author : International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2025-01-10
Argentina written by International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-01-10 with categories.
On March 25, 2022, the IMF Executive Board approved a 30-month arrangement for Argentina supported by the Extended Fund Facility (2022 EFF). Amounting to US$44 billion (1,001 percent of quota), it was the second largest non-precautionary arrangement in the Fund’s history after the 2018 Stand-by Arrangement for Argentina (2018 SBA). Of the planned 10 reviews, eight were completed. The arrangement is set to expire at end-2024.
Exchange Rate Misalignment
DOWNLOAD
Author : Lawrence E. Hinkle
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1999
Exchange Rate Misalignment written by Lawrence E. Hinkle and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Business & Economics categories.
Exchange Rate Misalignment examines the severe dislocations that can be caused by exchange rate misalignment and shows how there is no systematic guidance on the definitions and measurement of prevention. It explores how recent macroeconomic disruptions support the argument that growing financial integration has increased the need for providing accurate measures of long-run equilibrium exchange rates.
Exchange Rate Economics
DOWNLOAD
Author : Ronald MacDonald
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2005
Exchange Rate Economics written by Ronald MacDonald and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Foreign exchange categories.
''In summary, the book is valuable as a textbook both at the advanced undergraduate level and at the graduate level. It is also very useful for the economist who wants to be brought up-to-date on theoretical and empirical research on exchange rate behaviour.'' ""Journal of International Economics""
South Asia Economic Focus
DOWNLOAD
Author :
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2023
South Asia Economic Focus written by and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.
Libya
DOWNLOAD
Author : International Monetary
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2023-06-08
Libya written by International Monetary and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-06-08 with Business & Economics categories.
Libya: Selected Issues