Invariant Natural Killer T Cells
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Invariant Natural Killer T Cells
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Author : Chaohong Liu
language : en
Publisher: Humana
Release Date : 2021-10-16
Invariant Natural Killer T Cells written by Chaohong Liu and has been published by Humana this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-10-16 with Medical categories.
This detailed book focuses on various aspects of Invariant Natural Killer T-Cells (iNKT), which are known to contribute to homeostasis and autoimmunity and can also cause various pathological responses such as allergy, infection, excessive autoimmune response, and cancer. The volume explores techniques for identification and isolation of iNKT cells, iNKT cell activation and transformation, as well as proliferation and differentiation and much more. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Invariant Natural Killer T-Cells: Methods and Protocols is an ideal guide for researchers working with and studying iNKT cells, perhaps to provide a deeper knowledge of the human immune system.
Invariant Natural Killer T Cell Activation By Fungi
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Author : Nadia Rachel Cohen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Invariant Natural Killer T Cell Activation By Fungi written by Nadia Rachel Cohen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells are innate-like T lymphocytes recognizing self and foreign lipid antigens presented by CD1d, a trans-membrane glycoprotein closely related to MHC molecules. iNKT cells become rapidly activated during infection and play an important role in immunity against a spectrum of microbes. Unlike MHC-restricted T cells, however, iNKT cells express a semi-clonal T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, comprised of a canonical V[alpha] chain paired with a limited set of V[beta] chains. Furthermore, in contrast to MHC, CD1d is non-polymorphic. This suggests that the diversity of antigens that can be presented to and recognized by iNKT cells may be limited. Clarifying the mechanisms allowing iNKT cells to respond to different microbes is central to understanding the biology of these and other innate-like lymphocytes with restricted receptor diversity. In this dissertation, we address this question in the context of infection with fungi, a neglected class of pathogens with increasing clinical significance.
Natural Killer T Cells
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Author : Masaki Terabe
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-09-22
Natural Killer T Cells written by Masaki Terabe and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-09-22 with Medical categories.
This book will cover primary roles of NKT cells in immunity to cancer, in both mouse tumor models and cancer patients. There are several chapters describing general aspects of NKT cells.
Immune And Structural Studies Of Synthetic Invariant Natural Killer T Cell Glycosphingolipid Activators
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Author : Alysia Marie Birkholz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Immune And Structural Studies Of Synthetic Invariant Natural Killer T Cell Glycosphingolipid Activators written by Alysia Marie Birkholz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells comprise a small fraction of immune cells capable of responding within hours when stimulated by glycosphingolipid (GSL) antigens (Ags) and can impact the immune system months later. These iNKT cells respond to GSLs that are presented by the antigen presenting molecule CD1d. The iNKT cell driven immune cytokine response can alter depending on the GSL that is presented by CD1d. The GSL can lead to the production of a T helper type 1 (Th1) or a T helper type 2 (Th2) response characterized by IFN-gamma and IL-4 cytokines. Many synthetic GSL analogs of the most common iNKT cell antigen, alpha-Galactosylceramide (aGalCer) were used in this study to determine immunological and biochemical properties of Ags capable of activating iNKT cells. Studies consisted of in vitro Ag binding models, crystallographic structural models and in vivo immunological studies. Ags that are categorized as Th1 iNKT cell cytokine skewers have properties correlated with this response. The Th1 Ags studied are presented by CD1d on dendritic antigen presenting cells (APCs) and the CD1d and GSL seem to form more contacts according to structural studies and the CD1d-GSL complexes are more biologically stable in vivo. The work from these studies adds the to growing information in the field regarding the nature of iNKT cell immune system skewing.
Natural Killer T Cells
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Author : Nathan V. Fournier
language : en
Publisher: Nova Publishers
Release Date : 2008
Natural Killer T Cells written by Nathan V. Fournier and has been published by Nova Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Medical categories.
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a heterogeneous group of T cells that share properties of both T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Many of these cells recognize the non-polymorphic CD1d molecule, an antigen-presenting molecule that binds self- and foreign lipids and glycolipids. Upon activation, NK T cells are able to produce large quantities of interferon-gamma, IL-4, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, as well as multiple other cytokines and chemokines (such as IL-2 and TNF-alpha). NKT cells seem to be essential for several aspects of immunity because their dysfunction or deficiency has been shown to lead to the development of autoimmune diseases (such as diabetes or atherosclerosis) and cancers. NKT cells have recently been implicated in the disease progression of human asthma. The clinical potential of NKT cells lies in the rapid release of cytokines (such as IL-2, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-4) that promote or suppress different immune responses.
The Innate Effector Programmes Of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells
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Author : Akshat Sharma
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
The Innate Effector Programmes Of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells written by Akshat Sharma and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
T-cell effector functions exemplify adaptive immunity in that they 'adapt' to the threat at hand via a programme of antigen recognition, clonal expansion and subsequent contraction, and the generation of long-lived memory cells as insurance against subsequent insult. Invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells are a lipid-reactive lineage of T-lymphocyte which, via an invariant T-cell receptor and epigentically 'poised effector' status, combine both the specificity of adaptive immunity as well as the rapid 'trained' responses of innate immunity. While a lot has been written about adaptive, antigen-specific or TCR-driven mechanisms of iNKT functionality, less is known about non-TCR or innate cues that drive iNKT responses. This disquisition aims to explore the same via enquiring after the functional consequences of having unusually high cell-surface expression of the integrin and co-stimulatory molecule Leucocyte Function-associated Antigen-1 (LFA-1) as well as the means by which iNKT cells serve as cellular adjuvants in a humanised mouse model of EBV-driven lymphomagenesis. For the former, we stimulated clonal or short-term polyclonal lines of human iNKT cells with plate-bound ICAM-1-Fc in the absence of antigen-presenting cells, but in the presence or absence of exogenous IL-12p70 to investigate the role that LFA-1:ICAM-1 interactions play in co-stimulating TCR-independent means of cell responsiveness. Surprisingly, we found that ICAM-1-fc alone is sufficient to drive IFNg from iNKT cells, and does not require concurrent TCR or pro-inflammatory cytokine cues. Immunotherapy work was performed within an in vivo model of EBV-driven lymphomagenesis using humanised mice. iNKT cells appear to promote tumour clearance via the activation of endogenous MHC-restricted T-cells. Whether or not the iNKT-TCR is involved in potentiating this programme of adjuvanticity will be a topic for future experiments. Ultimately, the work curated here builds a case for the versatility of iNKT cells via their ability to be sensitive to changes in their milieu that do not always involve direct antigen presentation. This ability to 'stay current' is what posits iNKT cells as a vital conduit, bridging the 'communication gaps' between classically innate and adaptive immune responses.
Cd1 And Mr1 Restricted T Cells In Antimicrobial Immunity
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Author : S.M. Mansour Haeryfar
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-01-21
Cd1 And Mr1 Restricted T Cells In Antimicrobial Immunity written by S.M. Mansour Haeryfar and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-21 with Cytology categories.
Cell-mediated immunity to extracellular and intracellular microbes has been traditionally linked to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that recognize pathogen-derived peptides in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and class I molecules, respectively. Recent progress in our understanding of early host defense mechanisms has brought ‘unconventional’, innate-like T cells into the spotlight. These are a heterogeneous population of non-MHC-restricted T cells that exhibit ‘memory-like’ properties and mount emergency responses to infection. They may directly detect and destroy infected cells, but are best known for their ability to regulate downstream effector cells including but not limited to conventional T cells. Innate-like T cells include among others CD1-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells and MR1-restricted mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. NKT cells recognize lipid antigens, and MAIT cells were recently demonstrated to respond to microbe-derived vitamin B metabolites. However, much remains to be learned about the antigen specificity range of these cells, their activation mode and their true potentials in immunotherapeutic applications. Like in many other areas of biology, uncertainties and controversies surrounding these cells and some of the experimental models, techniques and reagents employed to study them have brought about excitement and sometimes hot debates. This Special Topic was launched to provide updated reviews on protective and/or pathogenic roles of NKT and MAIT cells during infection. Leading experts discuss current controversies, pressing questions and the challenges that lie ahead for the advancement of this intriguing and rapidly evolving area of immunology. Unlike MHC, CD1 and MR1 display very limited polymorphism. Therefore, NKT and MAIT cells may be considered attractive targets for various diseases in diverse human populations. The potential benefits of NKT cell- and MAIT cell-based vaccination and treatment strategies in infectious diseases is an important subject that is also covered in this Topic.
Role Of Cd1 And Mr1 Restricted T Cells In Immunity And Disease
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Author : Kazuya Iwabuchi
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2019-10-18
Role Of Cd1 And Mr1 Restricted T Cells In Immunity And Disease written by Kazuya Iwabuchi and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-18 with categories.
CD1 and MR1 are major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-related proteins that bind and present non-peptide antigens to subsets of T cells with specialized functions. CD1 proteins typically present lipid antigens to CD1-restricted T cells, whereas MR1 presents vitamin B-based ligands and a variety of drugs and drug-like molecules to MR1-restricted T cells. The CD1 family of antigen presenting molecules has been divided into two groups: Group 1 contains CD1a, CD1b and CD1c, and Group 2 contains CD1d. Additionally, CD1e is expressed intracellularly and is involved in the loading of lipid antigens onto Group 1 CD1 proteins. Humans express both Groups 1 and 2 CD1 proteins, whereas mice only express CD1d. Group 1 CD1 proteins present lipid antigens to T cells that generally express diverse T cell receptors (TCRs) and exhibit adaptive-like functions, whereas CD1d presents lipid antigens to subsets of T cells that express either diverse or highly restricted TCRs and exhibit innate-like functions. CD1d-restricted T cells are called natural killer T (NKT) cells, which includes Type I or invariant NKT (iNKT) cells expressing semi-invariant TCRs, and Type II NKT cells expressing more diverse TCRs. CD1-restricted T cells have been implicated in a wide variety of diseases, including cancer, infections, and autoimmune, inflammatory and metabolic diseases. Additionally, NKT cells have been targeted for immunotherapy of disease with ligands such as α-galactosylceramide for iNKT cells, or sulfatide for Type II NKT cells. Like iNKT cells, MR1-restricted T cells express semi-invariant TCRs and display innate-like functions. MR1-restricted T cells, also called mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, have been implicated in immune responses against a variety of pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Helicobacter pylori, hepatitis C virus and influenza virus. Moreover, these cells contribute to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, lupus, and diabetes.
Invariant Natural Killer T Cells And Immunotherapy Of Cancer
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Author : Johannes Wilhelmina Molling
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Invariant Natural Killer T Cells And Immunotherapy Of Cancer written by Johannes Wilhelmina Molling and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Analysis Of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells In Intra Abdominal Sepsis
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Author : Ram Venkatesh Anantha
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Analysis Of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells In Intra Abdominal Sepsis written by Ram Venkatesh Anantha and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Sepsis is characterized by a severe systemic inflammatory response to infection that is associated with high morbidity and mortality despite optimal care. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are potent regulatory lymphocytes that can produce pro- and/or anti-inflammatory cytokines, thus shaping the course and nature of immune responses; however, little is known about their role in sepsis. We demonstrate here that patients with sepsis/severe sepsis have significantly elevated proportions of circulating iNKT cells in their peripheral blood, as compared to non-septic patients. We therefore investigated iNKT cells in mice with intra-abdominal sepsis (IAS). Our data show that iNKT cells are pathogenic in IAS, and that T helper (Th)2-type polarization of iNKT cells using the synthetic glycolipid OCH significantly reduced mortality from IAS. This reduction in mortality is associated with the systemic elevation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-13, and reduction of several pro-inflammatory cytokines within the spleen, notably IL-17. Finally, we show that administration of OCH in septic mice is associated with significantly reduced apoptosis of splenic T and B lymphocytes, as well as macrophages, but not natural killer cells. We propose that modulation of iNKT cell responses towards a Th2 phenotype may be an effective therapeutic strategy in sepsis.