Invariant Natural Killer T Cells And Immunotherapy Of Cancer
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Invariant Natural Killer T Cells And Immunotherapy Of Cancer
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Author : Johannes Wilhelmina Molling
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Invariant Natural Killer T Cells And Immunotherapy Of Cancer written by Johannes Wilhelmina Molling and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Natural Killer T Cells
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Author : Masaki Terabe
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-09-22
Natural Killer T Cells written by Masaki Terabe and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-09-22 with Medical categories.
This book will cover primary roles of NKT cells in immunity to cancer, in both mouse tumor models and cancer patients. There are several chapters describing general aspects of NKT cells.
Nkt Cells In Cancer Immunotherapy 2nd Edition
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Author : Tonya J. Webb
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2020-11-20
Nkt Cells In Cancer Immunotherapy 2nd Edition written by Tonya J. Webb and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-20 with Science categories.
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Development Of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Engineered Invariant Natural Killer T Cells For Cancer Immunotherapy
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Author : Yanruide Li
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Development Of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Engineered Invariant Natural Killer T Cells For Cancer Immunotherapy written by Yanruide Li and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
Cell-based immunotherapy has become the new-generation cancer medicine. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are potent immune cells for targeting cancer; however, healthy donor blood contains extremely low numbers of endogenous iNKT cells, making it exceedingly challenging to generate adequate iNKT cells for cell therapy. In this study, we aim to develop both autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell-engineered iNKT (HSC-iNKT) cell therapy that has potential to provide patients with therapeutic levels of iNKT cells for the treatment of cancers. Through combining hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene engineering and HSC differentiation, we achieved the generation of human HSC-iNKT cells at high yield and purity. The first generation of HSC-iNKT cells were generated using a bone marrow-liver-thymus (BLT) humanized mouse model, the second generation of HSC-iNKT cells were generated using an Artificial Thymic Organoid (ATO) culture system, and the third generation of HSC-iNKT cells were developed using an Ex Vivo Feeder-Free culture system. These HSC-iNKT cells closely resembled endogenous iNKT cells, effectively targeted tumor cells using multiple mechanisms in vitro and in vivo, and most attractively, exhibited high safety and low immunogenicity. These cells could be further engineered with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) to enhance tumor targeting, or/and gene-edited to ablate surface HLA molecules and further reduce immunogenicity. Collectively, these preclinical studies demonstrated the feasibility, safety, and cancer therapy potential of HSC-iNKT cell products and laid a foundation for their future translational and clinical development.
Stem Cell Engineered Invariant Natural Killer T Cells For Cancer Immunotherapy
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Author : Drake John Smith
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Stem Cell Engineered Invariant Natural Killer T Cells For Cancer Immunotherapy written by Drake John Smith and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Cancer immunotherapy is a rapidly developing field that has already shown to be of great clinical value as evidenced by the success of engineered T cell therapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapies in treating B cell leukemia and T cell receptor (TCR) therapies in treating melanoma, and by checkpoint inhibitor therapies, such as PD-1 and CTLA-4 antibodies, in treating a variety of cancers. This dissertation seeks to add to this growing knowledge base and carve out a niche in the discipline by utilizing a unique combination of immune cell type and method of delivery; a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) can be genetically engineered using a viral vector in order to generate invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells in vivo. Several cancer immunotherapy clinical trials have already utilized iNKT cells either by infusion after expansion ex vivo and/or activation of the cells in vivo by dendritic cells loaded with the synthetic ligand -Galactosylceramide ( -GalCer). These trials have demonstrated that the treatments are well tolerated, and while some have shown promising anti-tumor immunity, most have yielded unsatisfactory results. This lack of clinical efficacy has been attributed to the cells' very low and highly variable number in humans (0.001-1% in peripheral blood) and their rapid depletion after stimulation. Many cancer immunotherapy treatments trend towards a phase of promising tumor regression followed by a disheartening cancer relapse. This may be due to several factors, but a major contributor specific to cancer immunotherapy is thought to be exhaustion of the therapeutic cells by the ex vivo expansion protocol. This protocol drives the therapeutic cells to expand and differentiate into terminally differentiated effector cells. While these effector cells have increased killing efficacy, it comes at the expense of a decreased life span and regeneration. This would explain the initial regression mediated by the effector cells, followed by a relapse when the cells become exhausted. This issue can be addressed by utilizing viral vectors to genetically engineer hematopoietic stem cells to continually generate new therapeutic cells in vivo. This dissertation lays the foundation for combining the genetic engineering of HSCs by viral transduction to generate iNKT cells to be used for cancer immunotherapy. Proof-of-principle experiments in mice and an expansion to the use of the humanized mouse model provided the necessary knowledge and tools for further development to be pursued. Ongoing and future studies aim to demonstrate anti-cancer efficacy in humanized mouse models in order to collect data for an application to utilize these HSC-engineered iNKT cells in a cancer immunotherapy clinical trial.
Development Of Tcr Engineered Inkt Cells For Cancer Immunotherapy
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Author : Juan Mauricio Umana
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Development Of Tcr Engineered Inkt Cells For Cancer Immunotherapy written by Juan Mauricio Umana and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells are innate T cells that respond to lipid antigens presented by the molecule CD1d. Activated iNKT cells rapidly produce copious amounts of cytokines, activate/recruit other immune cells and have been implicated in tumour rejection and tumour immuno-surveillance. Here, our goal is to exploit iNKT cell antitumour properties in adoptive cell therapy and redirect their specificity towards tumour-associated antigens (TAAs) through T cell receptor (TCR) engineering. We hypothesize that TCR-engineered iNKT cells will be more effective than conventional CD8 T cells and provide long-term immunity.
Successes And Challenges Of Nk Immunotherapy
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Author : Benjamin Bonavida
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2021-06-23
Successes And Challenges Of Nk Immunotherapy written by Benjamin Bonavida and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-23 with Science categories.
Successes and Challenges of NK Immunotherapy: Increasing Anti-tumor Efficacy describes the unique therapeutic applications of NK cells to fight cancers and eliminate the bulk and subset of cancer stem cells responsible for metastasis, relapse and recurrences. The book provides information on the development, engineering, mechanisms of action, response to various preclinical models, and applications in various clinical trials. Sections cover the development of highly engineered cytotoxic NK cells, their mechanisms of action, preclinical and clinical applications, the development and application of CAR-NK cells, and new NK-drug conjugates, also emphasizing that activated NK cells can target and kill highly resistant cancer stem cells. Written by the leading experts on NK immunotherapy worldwide, this is a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians and members of the biomedical field who are interested in understanding novel and efficient therapies to fight cancers. Discusses the unique developmental applications of NK immunotherapy against cancers, which differs greatly from other types of immunotherapies Provides up-to-date and highly relevant information through chapters written by the leading researchers in the field Presents a significant number of schematic diagrams for easy understanding and reproducibility
Natural Killer T Cells
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Author : Nathan V. Fournier
language : en
Publisher: Nova Publishers
Release Date : 2008
Natural Killer T Cells written by Nathan V. Fournier and has been published by Nova Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Medical categories.
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a heterogeneous group of T cells that share properties of both T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Many of these cells recognize the non-polymorphic CD1d molecule, an antigen-presenting molecule that binds self- and foreign lipids and glycolipids. Upon activation, NK T cells are able to produce large quantities of interferon-gamma, IL-4, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, as well as multiple other cytokines and chemokines (such as IL-2 and TNF-alpha). NKT cells seem to be essential for several aspects of immunity because their dysfunction or deficiency has been shown to lead to the development of autoimmune diseases (such as diabetes or atherosclerosis) and cancers. NKT cells have recently been implicated in the disease progression of human asthma. The clinical potential of NKT cells lies in the rapid release of cytokines (such as IL-2, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-4) that promote or suppress different immune responses.
Invariant Natural Killer T Cells
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Author : Chaohong Liu
language : en
Publisher: Humana
Release Date : 2022-09-30
Invariant Natural Killer T Cells written by Chaohong Liu and has been published by Humana this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-09-30 with Medical categories.
This detailed book focuses on various aspects of Invariant Natural Killer T-Cells (iNKT), which are known to contribute to homeostasis and autoimmunity and can also cause various pathological responses such as allergy, infection, excessive autoimmune response, and cancer. The volume explores techniques for identification and isolation of iNKT cells, iNKT cell activation and transformation, as well as proliferation and differentiation and much more. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Invariant Natural Killer T-Cells: Methods and Protocols is an ideal guide for researchers working with and studying iNKT cells, perhaps to provide a deeper knowledge of the human immune system.
Role Of Cd1 And Mr1 Restricted T Cells In Immunity And Disease
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Author : Kazuya Iwabuchi
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2019-10-18
Role Of Cd1 And Mr1 Restricted T Cells In Immunity And Disease written by Kazuya Iwabuchi and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-18 with categories.
CD1 and MR1 are major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-related proteins that bind and present non-peptide antigens to subsets of T cells with specialized functions. CD1 proteins typically present lipid antigens to CD1-restricted T cells, whereas MR1 presents vitamin B-based ligands and a variety of drugs and drug-like molecules to MR1-restricted T cells. The CD1 family of antigen presenting molecules has been divided into two groups: Group 1 contains CD1a, CD1b and CD1c, and Group 2 contains CD1d. Additionally, CD1e is expressed intracellularly and is involved in the loading of lipid antigens onto Group 1 CD1 proteins. Humans express both Groups 1 and 2 CD1 proteins, whereas mice only express CD1d. Group 1 CD1 proteins present lipid antigens to T cells that generally express diverse T cell receptors (TCRs) and exhibit adaptive-like functions, whereas CD1d presents lipid antigens to subsets of T cells that express either diverse or highly restricted TCRs and exhibit innate-like functions. CD1d-restricted T cells are called natural killer T (NKT) cells, which includes Type I or invariant NKT (iNKT) cells expressing semi-invariant TCRs, and Type II NKT cells expressing more diverse TCRs. CD1-restricted T cells have been implicated in a wide variety of diseases, including cancer, infections, and autoimmune, inflammatory and metabolic diseases. Additionally, NKT cells have been targeted for immunotherapy of disease with ligands such as α-galactosylceramide for iNKT cells, or sulfatide for Type II NKT cells. Like iNKT cells, MR1-restricted T cells express semi-invariant TCRs and display innate-like functions. MR1-restricted T cells, also called mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, have been implicated in immune responses against a variety of pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Helicobacter pylori, hepatitis C virus and influenza virus. Moreover, these cells contribute to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, lupus, and diabetes.