Investigating Cellular Nanoscale With X Rays

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Investigating Cellular Nanoscale With X Rays
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Author : Clément Hémonnot
language : en
Publisher: Göttingen University Press
Release Date : 2016
Investigating Cellular Nanoscale With X Rays written by Clément Hémonnot and has been published by Göttingen University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
The advances and technical improvements of X-ray imaging techniques, taking advantage of X-ray focussing optics and high intensity synchrotron sources, nowadays allow for the use of X-rays to probe the cellular nanoscale. Importantly, X-rays permit thick samples to be imaged without sectioning or slicing. In this work, two macromolecules, namely keratin intermediate filament (IF) proteins and DNA, both essential components of cells, were studied by X-ray techniques. Keratin IF proteins make up an integral part of the cytoskeleton of epithelial cells and form a dense intracellular network of bundles. This network is built from monomers in a hierarchical fashion. Thus, the keratin structure formation spans a large range of length scales from a few nanometres (monomers) to micrometres (networks). Here, keratin was studied at three different scales: i) filaments, ii) bundles and iii) networks. Solution small-angle X-ray scattering revealed distinct structural and organisational characteristics of these highly charged polyelectrolyte filaments, such as increasing radius with increasing salt concentration and spatial accumulation of ions depending on the salt concentration. The results are quantified by employing advanced modelling of keratin IFs by a core cylinder fl anked with Gaussian chains. Scanning micro- diffraction was used to study keratin at the bundle scale. Very different morphologies of keratin bundles were observed at different salt conditions. At the network scale, new imaging approaches and analyses were applied to the study of whole cells. Ptychography and scanning X-ray nano-diffraction imaging were performed on the same cells, allowing for high resolution in real and reciprocal space, thereby revealing the internal structure of these networks. By using a fitting routine based on simulations of IFs packed on a hexagonal lattice, the radius of each fi lament and distance between fi laments were retrieved. In mammalian cells, each nucleus contains 2 nm-thick DNA double helices with a total length of about 2 m. The DNA strands are packed in a highly hierarchical manner into individual chromosomes. DNA was studied in intact cells by visible light microscopy and scanning X-ray nano-diffraction, unveiling the compaction und decompaction of DNA during the cell cycle. Thus, we obtained information on the aggregation state of the nuclear DNA at a real space resolution on the order of few hundreds nm. To exploit to the reciprocal space information, individual diffraction patterns were analysed according to a generalised Porod’s law at a resolution down to 10 nm. We were able to distinguish nucleoli, heterochromatin and euchromatin in the nuclei and follow the compaction and decompaction during the cell division cycle.
Nanoscale Photonic Imaging
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Author : Tim Salditt
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-06-09
Nanoscale Photonic Imaging written by Tim Salditt and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-09 with Science categories.
This open access book, edited and authored by a team of world-leading researchers, provides a broad overview of advanced photonic methods for nanoscale visualization, as well as describing a range of fascinating in-depth studies. Introductory chapters cover the most relevant physics and basic methods that young researchers need to master in order to work effectively in the field of nanoscale photonic imaging, from physical first principles, to instrumentation, to mathematical foundations of imaging and data analysis. Subsequent chapters demonstrate how these cutting edge methods are applied to a variety of systems, including complex fluids and biomolecular systems, for visualizing their structure and dynamics, in space and on timescales extending over many orders of magnitude down to the femtosecond range. Progress in nanoscale photonic imaging in Göttingen has been the sum total of more than a decade of work by a wide range of scientists and mathematicians across disciplines, working together in a vibrant collaboration of a kind rarely matched. This volume presents the highlights of their research achievements and serves as a record of the unique and remarkable constellation of contributors, as well as looking ahead at the future prospects in this field. It will serve not only as a useful reference for experienced researchers but also as a valuable point of entry for newcomers.
Investigations On Joule Heating Applications By Multiphysical Continuum Simulations In Nanoscale Systems
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Author : Feuchter, Manuel Klaus Ludwig
language : en
Publisher: KIT Scientific Publishing
Release Date : 2014-10-01
Investigations On Joule Heating Applications By Multiphysical Continuum Simulations In Nanoscale Systems written by Feuchter, Manuel Klaus Ludwig and has been published by KIT Scientific Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This work furthers the overall understanding of a 3w-measurement, by considering previously unexamined macroscopic influence factors within measurement by Finite Element simulations (FES). Moreover, new measuring configurations are developed to determine (an)isotropic thermal conductivities of nanoscale samples. Since no analytic solutions are available for these configurations, a new evaluation methodology is presented to determine emergent thermal conductivities by FES and Neural Networks.
Unraveling The Safety Profile Of Nanoscale Particles And Materials
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Author : Andreia Ferreira de Castro Gomes
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2018-03-21
Unraveling The Safety Profile Of Nanoscale Particles And Materials written by Andreia Ferreira de Castro Gomes and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-03-21 with Technology & Engineering categories.
As nanomaterials become increasingly present in our daily lives, pertinent questions regarding their safety arise. Nanomaterial risk assessment, as in other areas, directs much of the effort worldwide in defining guidelines that may be translated into national or international directives. Nanomaterials encompass different entities, from nanoparticles to nanostructured materials, with specific effects over cells, tissues, organisms and ecosystems depending on their biophysical characteristics. Such interactions will directly affect the impact of novel nanotechnologies. This book aims to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art in nanotoxicology, featuring the most important developments and critical issues regarding the use of and exposure to nanoparticles.
Synchrotron Radiation In Materials Science
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Author : Chunhai Fan
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2018-02-12
Synchrotron Radiation In Materials Science written by Chunhai Fan and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-12 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Endlich ein Fachbuch mit detaillierten Informationen zu einer der fortschrittlichsten Methoden zur Materialcharakterisierung. Ein herausragendes Team aus Herausgebern und Autoren von renommierten Einrichtungen und Institutionen beschäftigt sich mit Synchrotron-Verfahren, die sich in der Materialforschung bewährt haben. Nach einer Einführung in die Synchrotronstrahlung und ihrer Quellen werden die verschiedenen Techniken beschrieben, die von diesem besonders hellen Licht profitieren, u. a. Röntgenabsorption, Diffraktion, Streuung, Bildgebung und Lithographie. Zum Schluss folgt ein Überblick über die Anwendungen der Synchrotronstrahlung in den Materialwissenschaften. Dieses einzigartige, unabdingbare Referenzwerk für akademische Forscher und Forscher aus der Industrie verbindet Spezialisten aus der Synchrotronforschung und Materialwissenschaftler.
Ghadially S Ultrastructural Pathology Of The Cell And Matrix
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Author : Bart Wagner
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2025-07-30
Ghadially S Ultrastructural Pathology Of The Cell And Matrix written by Bart Wagner and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-07-30 with Medical categories.
This established handbook is unique in illustrating and reviewing the cell and extracellular matrix, organelle by organelle (with numerous subsections) with emphasis on human pathology. Anyone studying normal or pathological tissues whether human, animal, or tissue culture, by conventional transmission electron microscopy for diagnosis or research, will use this book to understand what it is they are examining—without having to go through large volumes of previously published articles. Key Features: Illustrates cell ultrastructure with electron micrographs Reviews extracellular matrix structure Assists pathologists in diagnosis of cellular pathologies Includes contributions from an international team of leading researchers
Investigating Cellular Nanoscale With X Rays From Proteins To Networks
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Author : Clément Y. J. Hémonnot
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Investigating Cellular Nanoscale With X Rays From Proteins To Networks written by Clément Y. J. Hémonnot and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
In this work, two macromolecules, both essential components of cells (keratin protein and DNA nucleic acid) were studied by X-ray techniques. I described the implementation and use of different methods to investigate these biopolymers at the nanoscale: solution SAXS, ptychography and scanning X-ray diffraction. Keratin proteins belong to the cytoskeleton of epithelial cells forming a dense network. This network is built from monomers in a stepwise fashion. First, two monomers assemble to form a parallel heterodimer (about 2~nm diameter). Second, tetramers (4 to 5~nm diameter) are formed by ...
Investigating Cellular Nanoscale With X Rays From Proteins To Networks
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Author : Clément Y. J. Hémonnot
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Investigating Cellular Nanoscale With X Rays From Proteins To Networks written by Clément Y. J. Hémonnot and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
In this work, two macromolecules, both essential components of cells (keratin protein and DNA nucleic acid) were studied by X-ray techniques. I described the implementation and use of different methods to investigate these biopolymers at the nanoscale: solution SAXS, ptychography and scanning X-ray diffraction. Keratin proteins belong to the cytoskeleton of epithelial cells forming a dense network. This network is built from monomers in a stepwise fashion. First, two monomers assemble to form a parallel heterodimer (about 2~nm diameter). Second, tetramers (4 to 5~nm diameter) are formed by ...
Small Angle Scattering And Diffraction
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Author : Margareth Kazuyo Kobayashi Dias Franco
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2018-06-06
Small Angle Scattering And Diffraction written by Margareth Kazuyo Kobayashi Dias Franco and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-06 with Science categories.
Reasoned and based on the difference between discovery and invention, according to the traditional conception, science can be distinguished between basic science and applied science. Nevertheless, we know that the sciences are inseparable. A century or more ago, Louis Pasteur said "there is no applied science, there are applications of science." With this assertion, he establishes the logic of complementarity between them. Science certainly goes beyond its own material application and brings us to issues that have intrigued humanity for a long time. During the many years that we have been working with techniques of material characterization, we observed that this complementarity was not always understood by the researchers. In line with the reasoning that the technique joined with science generates technology, the application of techniques that use x-ray and neutron sources seems to us of fundamental importance for the development of technology. In this way, we present in this book how the existing technology of material characterization can contribute to science and applied technology. The authors who contributed with this book sought to show the importance of applying the existing techniques in the development of their works.
X Ray Nanochemistry
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Author : Ting Guo
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-06-01
X Ray Nanochemistry written by Ting Guo and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-01 with Science categories.
This book describes the latest developments in the new research discipline of X-ray nanochemistry, which uses nanomaterials to enhance the effectiveness of X-ray irradiation. Nanomaterials now can be synthesized in such a way as to meet the demand for complex functions that enhance the X-ray effect. Innovative methods of delivering the X-rays, which can interact with those nanomaterials much more strongly than energetic electrons and gamma rays, also create new opportunities to enhance the X-ray effect. As a result, new concepts are conceived and new developments are made in the last decade, which are discussed and summarized in this book. This book will help define the discipline and encourage more students and scientists to work in this discipline. These efforts will eventually lead to formation of a full set of physical, chemical and materials principles for this new research field.