Investigating Cellular Nanoscale With X Rays From Proteins To Networks

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Investigating Cellular Nanoscale With X Rays

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Author : Clément Hémonnot
language : en
Publisher: Göttingen University Press
Release Date : 2016

Investigating Cellular Nanoscale With X Rays written by Clément Hémonnot and has been published by Göttingen University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.

The advances and technical improvements of X-ray imaging techniques, taking advantage of X-ray focussing optics and high intensity synchrotron sources, nowadays allow for the use of X-rays to probe the cellular nanoscale. Importantly, X-rays permit thick samples to be imaged without sectioning or slicing. In this work, two macromolecules, namely keratin intermediate filament (IF) proteins and DNA, both essential components of cells, were studied by X-ray techniques. Keratin IF proteins make up an integral part of the cytoskeleton of epithelial cells and form a dense intracellular network of bundles. This network is built from monomers in a hierarchical fashion. Thus, the keratin structure formation spans a large range of length scales from a few nanometres (monomers) to micrometres (networks). Here, keratin was studied at three different scales: i) filaments, ii) bundles and iii) networks. Solution small-angle X-ray scattering revealed distinct structural and organisational characteristics of these highly charged polyelectrolyte filaments, such as increasing radius with increasing salt concentration and spatial accumulation of ions depending on the salt concentration. The results are quantified by employing advanced modelling of keratin IFs by a core cylinder fl anked with Gaussian chains. Scanning micro- diffraction was used to study keratin at the bundle scale. Very different morphologies of keratin bundles were observed at different salt conditions. At the network scale, new imaging approaches and analyses were applied to the study of whole cells. Ptychography and scanning X-ray nano-diffraction imaging were performed on the same cells, allowing for high resolution in real and reciprocal space, thereby revealing the internal structure of these networks. By using a fitting routine based on simulations of IFs packed on a hexagonal lattice, the radius of each fi lament and distance between fi laments were retrieved. In mammalian cells, each nucleus contains 2 nm-thick DNA double helices with a total length of about 2 m. The DNA strands are packed in a highly hierarchical manner into individual chromosomes. DNA was studied in intact cells by visible light microscopy and scanning X-ray nano-diffraction, unveiling the compaction und decompaction of DNA during the cell cycle. Thus, we obtained information on the aggregation state of the nuclear DNA at a real space resolution on the order of few hundreds nm. To exploit to the reciprocal space information, individual diffraction patterns were analysed according to a generalised Porod’s law at a resolution down to 10 nm. We were able to distinguish nucleoli, heterochromatin and euchromatin in the nuclei and follow the compaction and decompaction during the cell division cycle.

Investigating Cellular Nanoscale With X Rays From Proteins To Networks

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Author : Clément Y. J. Hémonnot
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016

Investigating Cellular Nanoscale With X Rays From Proteins To Networks written by Clément Y. J. Hémonnot and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.

In this work, two macromolecules, both essential components of cells (keratin protein and DNA nucleic acid) were studied by X-ray techniques. I described the implementation and use of different methods to investigate these biopolymers at the nanoscale: solution SAXS, ptychography and scanning X-ray diffraction. Keratin proteins belong to the cytoskeleton of epithelial cells forming a dense network. This network is built from monomers in a stepwise fashion. First, two monomers assemble to form a parallel heterodimer (about 2~nm diameter). Second, tetramers (4 to 5~nm diameter) are formed by ...

Investigating Cellular Nanoscale With X Rays From Proteins To Networks

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Author : Clément Y. J. Hémonnot
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016

Investigating Cellular Nanoscale With X Rays From Proteins To Networks written by Clément Y. J. Hémonnot and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.

In this work, two macromolecules, both essential components of cells (keratin protein and DNA nucleic acid) were studied by X-ray techniques. I described the implementation and use of different methods to investigate these biopolymers at the nanoscale: solution SAXS, ptychography and scanning X-ray diffraction. Keratin proteins belong to the cytoskeleton of epithelial cells forming a dense network. This network is built from monomers in a stepwise fashion. First, two monomers assemble to form a parallel heterodimer (about 2~nm diameter). Second, tetramers (4 to 5~nm diameter) are formed by ...

Nanoscale Photonic Imaging

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Author : Tim Salditt
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-06-09

Nanoscale Photonic Imaging written by Tim Salditt and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-09 with Science categories.

This open access book, edited and authored by a team of world-leading researchers, provides a broad overview of advanced photonic methods for nanoscale visualization, as well as describing a range of fascinating in-depth studies. Introductory chapters cover the most relevant physics and basic methods that young researchers need to master in order to work effectively in the field of nanoscale photonic imaging, from physical first principles, to instrumentation, to mathematical foundations of imaging and data analysis. Subsequent chapters demonstrate how these cutting edge methods are applied to a variety of systems, including complex fluids and biomolecular systems, for visualizing their structure and dynamics, in space and on timescales extending over many orders of magnitude down to the femtosecond range. Progress in nanoscale photonic imaging in Göttingen has been the sum total of more than a decade of work by a wide range of scientists and mathematicians across disciplines, working together in a vibrant collaboration of a kind rarely matched. This volume presents the highlights of their research achievements and serves as a record of the unique and remarkable constellation of contributors, as well as looking ahead at the future prospects in this field. It will serve not only as a useful reference for experienced researchers but also as a valuable point of entry for newcomers.

Extracellular Matrix Dynamics In Biology Bioengineering And Pathology

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Author : Rajprasad Loganathan
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2020-11-19

Extracellular Matrix Dynamics In Biology Bioengineering And Pathology written by Rajprasad Loganathan and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-19 with Science categories.

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.

Dissertation Abstracts International

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008

Dissertation Abstracts International written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Dissertations, Academic categories.

Correlative Light And Electron Microscopy Ii

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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2014-09-30

Correlative Light And Electron Microscopy Ii written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-09-30 with Science categories.

This new volume of Methods in Cell Biology looks at methods for analyzing correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM). With CLEM, people try to combine the advantages of both worlds, i.e. the dynamics information obtained by light microscopy and the ultrastructure as provided by electron microscopy. This volume contains the latest techniques on correlative microscopy showing that combining two imaging modalities provides more than each technique alone. Most importantly it includes the essential protocols, including tips, tricks and images for you to repeat these exciting techniques in your own lab. With cutting-edge material, this comprehensive collection is intended to guide researchers for years to come. - Covers sections on model systems and functional studies, imaging-based approaches and emerging studies - Chapters are written by experts in the field - Cutting-edge material - Second of two volumes dedicated to Correlative Light and Electron microscopy (CLEM)

Biomedical Nanotechnology

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Author : Neelina H. Malsch
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2005-04-14

Biomedical Nanotechnology written by Neelina H. Malsch and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-04-14 with Medical categories.

Biomedical nanotechnology is one of the fastest-growing fields of research across the globe. However, even the most promising technologies may never realize their full potential if public and political opinions are galvanized against them, a situation clearly evident in such controversial fields as cloning and stem cell research. Biomedical Nanotec

Insights In Brain Imaging Methods 2023

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Author : Xi-Nian Zuo
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2024-10-04

Insights In Brain Imaging Methods 2023 written by Xi-Nian Zuo and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-10-04 with Science categories.

Following on from the success of Insights in Brain Imaging Methods: 2021, we would like to further celebrate the exceptional achievements made by scientists, leading to major advancements in the fast-growing field of neuroscience. You can find the 2021 edition here. Frontiers is continuing to organize a series of Research Topics to highlight the latest advancements in research across the field of neuroscience, with articles from the members of our accomplished Editorial Boards. This editorial initiative of particular relevance, led by Prof Vince D Calhoun, Specialty Chief Editor of the Brain Imaging Methods section, together with Professors Federico Giove and Xi-Nian Zuo, is focused on new insights, novel developments, current challenges, latest discoveries, recent advances, and future perspectives in the field of Brain Imaging Methods.

Microfluidics For Cellular Applications

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Author : Gerardo Perozziello
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2023-04-13

Microfluidics For Cellular Applications written by Gerardo Perozziello and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-04-13 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Microfluidics for Cellular Applications describes microfluidic devices for cell screening from a physical, technological and applications point-of-view, presenting a comparison with the cell microenvironment and conventional instruments used in medicine. Microfluidic technologies, protocols, devices for cell screening and treatment have reached an advanced state but are mainly used in research. Sections break them down into practical applications and conventional medical procedures and offers insights and analysis on how higher resolutions and fast operations can be reached. This is an important resource for those from an engineering and technology background who want to understand more and gain additional insights on cell screening processes. - Outlines the major applications of microfluidic devices in medicine and biotechnology - Assesses the major challenges of using microfluidic devices in terms of complexity of the control set-up, ease of use, integration capability, automation level, analysis throughput, content and costs - Describes the major fabrication techniques for assembling effective microfluidic devices for bioapplications