Is Military Spending Converging Across Countries An Examination Of Trends And Key Determinants
DOWNLOAD
Download Is Military Spending Converging Across Countries An Examination Of Trends And Key Determinants PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Is Military Spending Converging Across Countries An Examination Of Trends And Key Determinants book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
Is Military Spending Converging Across Countries An Examination Of Trends And Key Determinants
DOWNLOAD
Author : Mr.Benedict J. Clements
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2019-09-20
Is Military Spending Converging Across Countries An Examination Of Trends And Key Determinants written by Mr.Benedict J. Clements and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-20 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper studies the evolution of worldwide military spending during 1970-2018. It finds that military spending in relation to GDP is converging, but into three separate groups of countries. In the largest group, responsible for 90 percent of worldwide spending, outlays have remained stubbornly high. Military spending in developing economies reacts to improvements in security conditions and military spending in neighboring countries, suggesting that further increases in the peace dividend are possible. In developing economies, rising social spending tends to crowd out military outlays, but this is not the case in advanced economies. With social outlays projected to rise as developing countries look to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), military spending could come under pressure to fall further.
Is Military Spending Converging Across Countries An Examination Of Trends And Key Determinants
DOWNLOAD
Author : Mr.Benedict J. Clements
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2019-09-20
Is Military Spending Converging Across Countries An Examination Of Trends And Key Determinants written by Mr.Benedict J. Clements and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-20 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper studies the evolution of worldwide military spending during 1970-2018. It finds that military spending in relation to GDP is converging, but into three separate groups of countries. In the largest group, responsible for 90 percent of worldwide spending, outlays have remained stubbornly high. Military spending in developing economies reacts to improvements in security conditions and military spending in neighboring countries, suggesting that further increases in the peace dividend are possible. In developing economies, rising social spending tends to crowd out military outlays, but this is not the case in advanced economies. With social outlays projected to rise as developing countries look to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), military spending could come under pressure to fall further.
Global Trends 2040
DOWNLOAD
Author : National Intelligence Council
language : en
Publisher: Cosimo Reports
Release Date : 2021-03
Global Trends 2040 written by National Intelligence Council and has been published by Cosimo Reports this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03 with categories.
"The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.
Fiscal Policy And Development
DOWNLOAD
Author : Vitor Gaspar
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2019-01-23
Fiscal Policy And Development written by Vitor Gaspar and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-23 with Business & Economics categories.
The goal of this paper is to estimate the additional annual spending required for meaningful progress on the SDGs in these areas. Our estimates refer to additional spending in 2030, relative to a baseline of current spending to GDP in these sectors. Toward this end, we apply an innovative costing methodology to a sample of 155 countries: 49 low- income developing countries, 72 emerging market economies, and 34 advanced economies. And we refine the analysis with five country studies: Rwanda, Benin, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Guatemala.
The Peace Dividend
DOWNLOAD
Author : Loayza
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
The Peace Dividend written by Loayza and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Finance And Development June 2021
DOWNLOAD
Author : International Monetary Fund. Communications Department
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2021-06-02
Finance And Development June 2021 written by International Monetary Fund. Communications Department and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-02 with Business & Economics categories.
Amid a multispeed economic recovery—including within countries and across sectors, age groups, genders, and skill levels—this issue explores several cross-cutting themes for emerging markets.
G Ncel Maliye Ve Kamu Y Netimi Al Malar
DOWNLOAD
Author : Volkan YURDADOĞ
language : tr
Publisher: Akademisyen Kitabevi
Release Date : 2020-03-17
G Ncel Maliye Ve Kamu Y Netimi Al Malar written by Volkan YURDADOĞ and has been published by Akademisyen Kitabevi this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-17 with Business & Economics categories.
Chinese Military Modernization And Force Development
DOWNLOAD
Author : Anthony H. Cordesman
language : en
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Release Date : 2013-10-22
Chinese Military Modernization And Force Development written by Anthony H. Cordesman and has been published by Rowman & Littlefield this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-22 with Political Science categories.
China’s military development has become a key focus of US security policy as well as that of virtually all Asia-Pacific states. This report from the CSIS Burke Chair in Strategy examines trends in Chinese strategy, military spending, and military forces based on Chinese defense white papers and other official Chinese sources; US reporting by the Department of Defense and other defense agencies; and other government sources, including Japanese and Korean defense white papers and the International Monetary Fund. The analysis also draws on the work of experts outside of government, various research centers, and nongovernmental organizations.
The Evolving Military Balance In The Korean Peninsula And Northeast Asia
DOWNLOAD
Author : Anthony H. Cordesman
language : en
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Release Date : 2013-07-10
The Evolving Military Balance In The Korean Peninsula And Northeast Asia written by Anthony H. Cordesman and has been published by Rowman & Littlefield this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-07-10 with Political Science categories.
The Evolving Military Balance in the Korean Peninsula and Northeast Asia describes the strategy, force deployments, and the military balance in potential current and future scenarios involving the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Republic of Korea, People’s Republic of China, Japan, and the United States. The analysis in these volumes shows how tensions between the Koreas—and the potential involvement of the China, Japan, Russia, and the United States—create a nearly open-ended spectrum of possible conflicts. These range from posturing and threats (“wars of intimidation”) to a major conventional conflict on the Korean Peninsula to intervention by outside powers like the United States and China to the extreme of nuclear conflict. The analysis shows that the Korean balance is sharply affected by the uncertain mix of cooperation and competition between the United States and China. The U.S. rebalancing of its forces to Asia and the steady modernization of Chinese forces, in particular the growth of Chinese sea-air-missile capabilities, affect the balance in the Koreas and Northeast Asia. They also raise the possibility of far more intense conflicts that could extend far beyond the boundaries of the Koreas.
Global Trends 2030
DOWNLOAD
Author : National Intelligence Council
language : en
Publisher: Cosimo Reports
Release Date : 2018-02-07
Global Trends 2030 written by National Intelligence Council and has been published by Cosimo Reports this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-07 with categories.
This important report, Global Trends 2030-Alternative Worlds, released in 2012 by the U.S. National Intelligence Council, describes megatrends and potential game changers for the next decades. Among the megatrends, it analyzes: - increased individual empowerment - the diffusion of power among states and the ascent of a networked multi-polar world - a world's population growing to 8.3 billion people, of which sixty percent will live in urbanized areas, and surging cross-border migration - expanding demand for food, water, and energy It furthermore describes potential game changers, including: - a global economy that could thrive or collapse - increased global insecurity due to regional instability in the Middle East and South Asia - new technologies that could solve the problems caused by the megatrends - the possibility, but by no means the certainty, that the U.S. with new partners will reinvent the international system Students of trends, forward-looking entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades will find this essential reading.