Knowledge Annotation Making Implicit Knowledge Explicit

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Knowledge Annotation Making Implicit Knowledge Explicit

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Author : Alexiei Dingli
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-04-06

Knowledge Annotation Making Implicit Knowledge Explicit written by Alexiei Dingli and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-04-06 with Computers categories.

Did you ever read something on a book, felt the need to comment, took up a pencil and scribbled something on the books’ text’? If you did, you just annotated a book. But that process has now become something fundamental and revolutionary in these days of computing. Annotation is all about adding further information to text, pictures, movies and even to physical objects. In practice, anything which can be identified either virtually or physically can be annotated. In this book, we will delve into what makes annotations, and analyse their significance for the future evolutions of the web. We will explain why it was thought to be unreasonable to annotate documents manually and how Web 2.0 is making us rethink our beliefs. We will have a look at tools which make use of Artificial Intelligence techniques to support people in the annotation task. Behind these tools, there exists an important property of the web known as redundancy; we will explain what it is and show how it can be exploited. Finally we will gaze into the crystal ball and see what we might expect to see in the future. Until people understand what the web is all about and its grounding in annotation, people cannot start appreciating it. And until they do so, they cannot start creating the web of the future.

Stochastic Global Optimization And Its Applications With Fuzzy Adaptive Simulated Annealing

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Author : Hime Aguiar e Oliveira Junior
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-01-26

Stochastic Global Optimization And Its Applications With Fuzzy Adaptive Simulated Annealing written by Hime Aguiar e Oliveira Junior and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-26 with Computers categories.

Stochastic global optimization is a very important subject, that has applications in virtually all areas of science and technology. Therefore there is nothing more opportune than writing a book about a successful and mature algorithm that turned out to be a good tool in solving difficult problems. Here we present some techniques for solving several problems by means of Fuzzy Adaptive Simulated Annealing (Fuzzy ASA), a fuzzy-controlled version of ASA, and by ASA itself. ASA is a sophisticated global optimization algorithm that is based upon ideas of the simulated annealing paradigm, coded in the C programming language and developed to statistically find the best global fit of a nonlinear constrained, non-convex cost function over a multi-dimensional space. By presenting detailed examples of its application we want to stimulate the reader’s intuition and make the use of Fuzzy ASA (or regular ASA) easier for everyone wishing to use these tools to solve problems. We kept formal mathematical requirements to a minimum and focused on continuous problems, although ASA is able to handle discrete optimization tasks as well. This book can be used by researchers and practitioners in engineering and industry, in courses on optimization for advanced undergraduate and graduate levels, and also for self-study.

Industrial Applications Of Evolutionary Algorithms

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Author : Ernesto Sanchez
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-01-28

Industrial Applications Of Evolutionary Algorithms written by Ernesto Sanchez and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-28 with Computers categories.

"Industrial applications of evolutionary algorithms" is intended as a resource for both experienced users of evolutionary algorithms and researchers that are beginning to approach these fascinating optimization techniques. Experienced users will find interesting details of real-world problems, advice on solving issues related to fitness computation or modeling, and suggestions on how to set the appropriate parameters to reach optimal solutions. Beginners will find a thorough introduction to evolutionary computation, and a complete presentation of several classes of evolutionary algorithms exploited to solve different problems. Inside, scholars will find useful examples on how to fill the gap between purely theoretical examples and industrial problems. The collection of case studies presented is also extremely appealing for anyone interested in Evolutionary Computation, but without direct access to extensive technical literature on the subject. After the introduction, each chapter in the book presents a test case, and is organized so that it can be read independently from the rest: all the information needed to understand the problem and the approach is reported in each part. Chapters are grouped by three themes of particular interest for real-world applications, namely prototype-based validation, reliability and test generation. The authors hope that this volume will help to expose the flexibility and efficiency of evolutionary techniques, encouraging more companies to adopt them; and that, most of all, you will enjoy your reading.

Intelligent Open Learning Systems

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Author : Przemysław Różewski
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-07-29

Intelligent Open Learning Systems written by Przemysław Różewski and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-07-29 with Computers categories.

In presented book the Intelligent Open Learning Systems (IOLS) are proposed, described, discussed, and evaluated. The IOLS is a system in which traditional methods of online teaching are enhanced through the use of artificial intelligence and cognitive science. This is the main topic of the book. It consists of ten chapters and is divided into three parts. The first part concentrates on the Open Learning System (OLS) analysis, in particular: the social and educational meanings of the OLS, the new role of the teacher and the new requirements regarding the structure of didactic material. Moreover, the cybernetic model of student, teacher and computer collaboration is presented, the teaching-learning process content and its main characteristics are discussed, and the system based approach to the OLS design is proposed. The second part is focused on the problem of knowledge modeling in the OLS based on the ontology and the competence approaches and leading to the learning object concept and competence management in open systems. The third part describes applications of the OLS in the virtual laboratory for competence transfer, the community-built system of distance learning network, and the AGH student city – the real-life application of the OLS concept. The authors’ research findings presented in the book should be useful in various applications related to knowledge management, e-learning systems and information systems.

Between Certainty And Uncertainty

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Author : Ludomir M. Laudański
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-10-13

Between Certainty And Uncertainty written by Ludomir M. Laudański and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-13 with Mathematics categories.

„Between Certainty & Uncertainty” is a one-of–a-kind short course on statistics for students, engineers and researchers. It is a fascinating introduction to statistics and probability with notes on historical origins and 80 illustrative numerical examples organized in the five units: · Chapter 1 Descriptive Statistics: Compressing small samples, basic averages - mean and variance, their main properties including God’s proof; linear transformations and z-scored statistics . · Chapter 2 Grouped data: Udny Yule’s concept of qualitative and quantitative variables. Grouping these two kinds of data. Graphical tools. Combinatorial rules and qualitative variables. Designing frequency histogram. Direct and coded evaluation of quantitative data. Significance of percentiles. · Chapter 3 Regression and correlation: Geometrical distance and equivalent distances in two orthogonal directions as a prerequisite to the concept of two regression lines. Misleading in interpreting two regression lines. Derivation of the two regression lines. Was Hubble right? Houbolt’s cloud. What in fact measures the correlation coefficient? · Chapter 4 Binomial distribution: Middle ages origins of the binomials; figurate numbers and combinatorial rules. Pascal’s Arithmetical Triangle. Bernoulli’s or Poisson Trials? John Arbuthnot curing binomials. How Newton taught S. Pepys probability. Jacob Bernoulli’s Weak Law of Large Numbers and others. · Chapter 5 Normal distribution and binomial heritage – Tables of the normal distribution. Abraham de Moivre and the second theorem of de Moivre-Laplace. · Chapter 1 Descriptive Statistics: Compressing small samples, basic averages - mean and variance, their main properties including God’s proof; linear transformations and z-scored statistics . · Chapter 2 Grouped data: Udny Yule’s concept of qualitative and quantitative variables. Grouping these two kinds of data. Graphical tools. Combinatorial rules and qualitative variables. Designing frequency histogram. Direct and coded evaluation of quantitative data. Significance of percentiles. · Chapter 3 Regression and correlation: Geometrical distance and equivalent distances in two orthogonal directions as a prerequisite to the concept of two regression lines. Misleading in interpreting two regression lines. Derivation of the two regression lines. Was Hubble right? Houbolt’s cloud. What in fact measures the correlation coefficient? · Chapter 4 Binomial distribution: Middle ages origins of the binomials; figurate numbers and combinatorial rules. Pascal’s Arithmetical Triangle. Bernoulli’s or Poisson Trials? John Arbuthnot curing binomials. How Newton taught S. Pepys probability. Jacob Bernoulli’s Weak Law of Large Numbers and others. · Chapter 5 Normal distribution and binomial heritage – Tables of the normal distribution. Abraham de Moivre and the second theorem of de Moivre-Laplace. · Chapter 5 Normal distribution and binomial heritage – Tables of the normal distribution. Abraham de Moivre and the second theorem of de Moivre-Laplace.

Average Time Complexity Of Decision Trees

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Author : Igor Chikalov
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-08-04

Average Time Complexity Of Decision Trees written by Igor Chikalov and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-08-04 with Computers categories.

Decision tree is a widely used form of representing algorithms and knowledge. Compact data models and fast algorithms require optimization of tree complexity. This book is a research monograph on average time complexity of decision trees. It generalizes several known results and considers a number of new problems. The book contains exact and approximate algorithms for decision tree optimization, and bounds on minimum average time complexity of decision trees. Methods of combinatorics, probability theory and complexity theory are used in the proofs as well as concepts from various branches of discrete mathematics and computer science. The considered applications include the study of average depth of decision trees for Boolean functions from closed classes, the comparison of results of the performance of greedy heuristics for average depth minimization with optimal decision trees constructed by dynamic programming algorithm, and optimization of decision trees for the corner point recognition problem from computer vision. The book can be interesting for researchers working on time complexity of algorithms and specialists in test theory, rough set theory, logical analysis of data and machine learning.

Writing Strategies For Fiction

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Author : Jessica Hathaway
language : en
Publisher: Teacher Created Materials
Release Date : 2014-01-01

Writing Strategies For Fiction written by Jessica Hathaway and has been published by Teacher Created Materials this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-01 with Education categories.

Help your students develop the writing skills they need to succeed with this timely resource! This book provides teachers with standards-based strategies to help students demonstrate their learning of fiction-related concepts as they navigate the complexities of literary works. This book offers detailed strategies for using graphic organizers, developing vocabulary, journal writing, taking notes, applying knowledge, and assessing student writing. The strategies also help prepare students for success in college and careers. Classroom examples and differentiation suggestions with every strategy provide clear models for success!

Handbook Of Linguistic Annotation

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Author : Nancy Ide
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-06-16

Handbook Of Linguistic Annotation written by Nancy Ide and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-06-16 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.

This handbook offers a thorough treatment of the science of linguistic annotation. Leaders in the field guide the reader through the process of modeling, creating an annotation language, building a corpus and evaluating it for correctness. Essential reading for both computer scientists and linguistic researchers.Linguistic annotation is an increasingly important activity in the field of computational linguistics because of its critical role in the development of language models for natural language processing applications. Part one of this book covers all phases of the linguistic annotation process, from annotation scheme design and choice of representation format through both the manual and automatic annotation process, evaluation, and iterative improvement of annotation accuracy. The second part of the book includes case studies of annotation projects across the spectrum of linguistic annotation types, including morpho-syntactic tagging, syntactic analyses, a range of semantic analyses (semantic roles, named entities, sentiment and opinion), time and event and spatial analyses, and discourse level analyses including discourse structure, co-reference, etc. Each case study addresses the various phases and processes discussed in the chapters of part one.

Collaborative Communication Processes And Decision Making In Organizations

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Author : Nikoi, Ephraim
language : en
Publisher: IGI Global
Release Date : 2013-08-31

Collaborative Communication Processes And Decision Making In Organizations written by Nikoi, Ephraim and has been published by IGI Global this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-31 with Business & Economics categories.

Although organizational decision-making can be very complex, the understanding of technology applications is significant in not only determining the usefulness of virtual groups in organizations, but also in the designing of electronic collaborative activities. Collaborative Communication Processes and Decision Making in Organizations focuses on the role of technology in organizational decision-making processes and activities, providing academics and management teams with current research in the field of virtual teams in organizations. This publication is an essential resource for instructors and students of organization and group communication, and institutions that have networks of offices and employees in multiple geographical locations.

Annotations In Scholarly Editions And Research

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Author : Julia Nantke
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2020-10-26

Annotations In Scholarly Editions And Research written by Julia Nantke and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-26 with Literary Criticism categories.

The term ‘annotation’ is associated in the Humanities and Technical Sciences with different concepts that vary in coverage, application and direction but which also have instructive parallels. This publication mirrors the increasing cooperation that has been taking place between the two disciplines within the scope of the digitalization of the Humanities. It presents the results of an international conference on the concept of annotation that took place at the University of Wuppertal in February 2019. This publication reflects on different practices and associated concepts of annotation in an interdisciplinary perspective, puts them in relation to each other and attempts to systematize their commonalities and divergences. The following dynamic visualizations allow an interactive navigation within the volume based on keywords: Wordcloud ☁ , Matrix ▦ , Edge Bundling ⊛