Knowledge Science And Values
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Knowledge Science And Values
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Author : Tadeusz Czezowski
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2022-06-20
Knowledge Science And Values written by Tadeusz Czezowski and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-20 with Science categories.
From the contents: Some ancient problems in modern form. - On the humanities. - On the method of analytic description. - On the problem of induction. - On discussion and discussing. - On happiness. - How to understand the meaning of life'. - How to construct the logic of goods? - The meaning and the value of life. - Conflicts in ethics. - What are values? - Three attitudes towards the world. - On two views of the world. - A few remarks on rationalism and empiricism. - Identity and the individual in its persistence. - Sensory cognition and reality. - Philosophy at the crossroads."
New Knowledge In Human Values
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1971
New Knowledge In Human Values written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1971 with categories.
Science As Social Knowledge
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Author : Helen E. Longino
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Science As Social Knowledge written by Helen E. Longino and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Philosophy categories.
Conventional wisdom has it that the sciences, properly pursued, constitute a pure, value-free method of obtaining knowledge about the natural world. In light of the social and normative dimensions of many scientific debates, Helen Longino finds that general accounts of scientific methodology cannot support this common belief. Focusing on the notion of evidence, the author argues that a methodology powerful enough to account for theories of any scope and depth is incapable of ruling out the influence of social and cultural values in the very structuring of knowledge. The objectivity of scientific inquiry can nevertheless be maintained, she proposes, by understanding scientific inquiry as a social rather than an individual process. Seeking to open a dialogue between methodologists and social critics of the sciences, Longino develops this concept of "contextual empiricism" in an analysis of research programs that have drawn criticism from feminists. Examining theories of human evolution and of prenatal hormonal determination of "gender-role" behavior, of sex differences in cognition, and of sexual orientation, the author shows how assumptions laden with social values affect the description, presentation, and interpretation of data. In particular, Longino argues that research on the hormonal basis of "sex-differentiated behavior" involves assumptions not only about gender relations but also about human action and agency. She concludes with a discussion of the relation between science, values, and ideology, based on the work of Habermas, Foucault, Keller, and Haraway.
Axiology
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Author : Archie J. Bahm
language : en
Publisher: Rodopi
Release Date : 1993
Axiology written by Archie J. Bahm and has been published by Rodopi this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Philosophy categories.
This book expounds the basic principles of Axiology as a major field of philosophical inquiry. Those principles can be discovered and demonstrated by scientific method. In treating scientific inquiry the book throws light on what values are and how they are known. It explores questions of Good and Bad, Ends and Means, and Appearance and Reality as applied to values. Axiology, argues the author, provides the basis for ethics as the science of oughtness: the power that a greater good has over a lesser good in compelling our choices. The book concludes with a survey of efforts to establish Axiology as a science.
The Many Faces Of Science
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Author : Henry Byerly
language : en
Publisher: Hachette UK
Release Date : 2000-08-24
The Many Faces Of Science written by Henry Byerly and has been published by Hachette UK this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-08-24 with Philosophy categories.
The development of modern science, and its increasing impact on our lives and cultures, is one of the great stories of our time. So, understanding--and coming to terms with--the institution of modern science should be an integral part of education. In The Many Faces of Science, Leslie Stevenson and Henry Byerly masterfully, and painlessly, provide the basic information and the philosophical reflection students need to gain such understanding. The authors make good use of case study methods, and they introduce us to dozens of figures from the history of science. Stevenson and Byerly provide an elementary sketch of the development of science through the lives of its practitioners, and they examine the often mixed motives of scientists, as well as the conflicting values people bring to science--and to their perceptions of its impact on society. The authors also explore the relationship between scientific practice and political and economic power.Accessible and rich with anecdotes, personal asides, and keen insight, The Many Faces of Science is the ideal interdisciplinary introduction for nonscientists in courses on science studies, science and society, and science and human values. It will also prove useful as supplementary reading in courses on science and philosophy, sociology, and political science. In this second edition of The Many Faces of Science, the authors have updated topics that they explore in the first edition, and they present new case studies on subjects such as HIV and AIDS, women in science, and work done in psychology and the social sciences. The authors also extend their discussion of science and values, in addition to revising their study of science and technology to emphasize changes in scientific practice today.
Science And Human Values
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Author : Jacob Bronowski
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011-10-01
Science And Human Values written by Jacob Bronowski and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-10-01 with categories.
The Impact Of Science On Ethics And Human Values.
Value Free Science
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Author : Harold Kincaid
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2007-03-15
Value Free Science written by Harold Kincaid and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-03-15 with Philosophy categories.
It has long been thought that science is our best hope for realizing objective knowledge, but that, to deliver on this promise, it must be value free. Things are not so simple, however, as recent work in science studies makes clear. The contributors to this volume investigate where and how values are involved in science, and examine the implications of this involvement for ideals of objectivity.
Science Values And Objectivity
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Author : Peter Machamer
language : en
Publisher: University of Pittsburgh Pre
Release Date : 2004-11-28
Science Values And Objectivity written by Peter Machamer and has been published by University of Pittsburgh Pre this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-11-28 with Science categories.
Few people, if any, still argue that science in all its aspects is a value-free endeavor. At the very least, values affect decisions about the choice of research problems to investigate and the uses to which the results of research are applied. But what about the actual doing of science?As Science, Values, and Objectivity reveals, the connections and interactions between values and science are quite complex. The essays in this volume Theory and Method in the Neurosciences surveys the nature and structure of theories in contemporary neuroscience, exploring many of its methodological techniques and problems. The essays in this volume from the Pittsburgh -Konstanz series explore basic questions about how to relate theories of neuroscience and cognition, the multilevel character of such theories, and their experimental bases. Philosophers and scientists (and some who are both) examine the topics of explanation and mechanisms, simulation and computation, imaging and animal models that raise questions about the forefront of research in cognitive neuroscience. Their work will stimulate new thinking in anyone interested in the mind or brain and in recent theories of their connections.identify the crucial values that play a role in science, distinguish some of the criteria that can be used for value identification, and elaborate the conditions for warranting certain values as necessary or central to the very activity of scientific research.Recently, social constructivists have taken the presence of values within the scientific model to question the basis of objectivity. However, the contributors to Science, Values, and Objectivity recognize that such acknowledgment of the role of values does not negate the fact that objects exist in the world. Objects have the power to constrain our actions and thoughts, though the norms for these thoughts lie in the public, social world.Values may be decried or defended, praised or blamed, but in a world that strives for a modicum of reason, values, too, must be reasoned. Critical assessment of the values that play a role in scientific research is as much a part of doing good science as interpreting data.
Science Policy And The Value Free Ideal
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Author : Heather E. Douglas
language : en
Publisher: University of Pittsburgh Pre
Release Date : 2009-07-15
Science Policy And The Value Free Ideal written by Heather E. Douglas and has been published by University of Pittsburgh Pre this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-07-15 with Philosophy categories.
The role of science in policymaking has gained unprecedented stature in the United States, raising questions about the place of science and scientific expertise in the democratic process. Some scientists have been given considerable epistemic authority in shaping policy on issues of great moral and cultural significance, and the politicizing of these issues has become highly contentious. Since World War II, most philosophers of science have purported the concept that science should be "value-free." In Science, Policy and the Value-Free Ideal, Heather E. Douglas argues that such an ideal is neither adequate nor desirable for science. She contends that the moral responsibilities of scientists require the consideration of values even at the heart of science. She lobbies for a new ideal in which values serve an essential function throughout scientific inquiry, but where the role values play is constrained at key points, thus protecting the integrity and objectivity of science. In this vein, Douglas outlines a system for the application of values to guide scientists through points of uncertainty fraught with moral valence.Following a philosophical analysis of the historical background of science advising and the value-free ideal, Douglas defines how values should-and should not-function in science. She discusses the distinctive direct and indirect roles for values in reasoning, and outlines seven senses of objectivity, showing how each can be employed to determine the reliability of scientific claims. Douglas then uses these philosophical insights to clarify the distinction between junk science and sound science to be used in policymaking. In conclusion, she calls for greater openness on the values utilized in policymaking, and more public participation in the policymaking process, by suggesting various models for effective use of both the public and experts in key risk assessments.
A Broad View Of Science And Moral Values
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Author : Gila Gat-Tilman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
A Broad View Of Science And Moral Values written by Gila Gat-Tilman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Science categories.
At a university conference someone said, "Every scientist and professor knows his own field, but who sees the whole picture?" This book presents the big picture in the article "Overview of Science and Academic Knowledge". The article "The Influence of the Modern Age Upon Moral Values" explains which values should be adopted in addition to the Ten Commandments, in light of the developments in modern society. The book contains articles about animals and about the Sabbath, and two short articles about the higher realm and the human spirit, and about the certainty of knowledge. While the author has studied and worked mainly in Biology, she also has an M.A. in Philosophy and has studied many other fields as well. She has much life experience, some of which is described in her previous book "Islamic Intrigue at the University", published in English by Mazo Publishers, Jerusalem, Israel. Her ability to watch and to place herself in the position of others has enabled her to write the articles in this book.