Land Surface Hydrology Meteorology And Climate
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Land Surface Hydrology Meteorology And Climate
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Author : Venkataraman Lakshmi
language : en
Publisher: American Geophysical Union
Release Date : 2001-01-09
Land Surface Hydrology Meteorology And Climate written by Venkataraman Lakshmi and has been published by American Geophysical Union this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-01-09 with Science categories.
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Water Science and Application Series, Volume 3. Land surface hydrology integrates various physical, chemical and biological processes that occur above, on, and below the surface of the Earth. As a result, it is critical to accurately account for land surface processes within predictive models of hydrology, meteorology, and climate. One of our main difficulties, however, concerns the broad range of spatial and temporal scales that characterize land surface hydrological processes. For example, we determine infiltration by pore scale physics, while soil hydraulic conductivity remains a field scale property. Photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration occur at the leaf scale. Runoff is a catchment scale process, and the variability of groundwater storage is a regional scale issue. Turbulence in land-atmosphere exchanges of heat, moisture, and momentum occur on the order of seconds to minutes, while variations in land surface and air temperatures occur much more gradually: on the order of hours. The persistence of floods and droughts is seasonal to annual, and so is the effect of El Nino on regional hydrology. Long-term climate effects occur much more slowly, on the order of years to decades.
Land Surface Processes In Large Scale Hydrology
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Author : Jetse D. Kalma
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
Land Surface Processes In Large Scale Hydrology written by Jetse D. Kalma and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Hydrology categories.
Land Surface Evaporation
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Author : Thomas J. Schmugge
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Land Surface Evaporation written by Thomas J. Schmugge and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
General circulation model (GCM) experiments in the late 1970's indicated that the climate is sensitive to variations in evaporation at the land surface. Thus, in the context of climate modeling, it became important to develop techniques which would realistically estimate the evaporation flux on land. Land Surface Evaporation: Measurement and Parameterization discusses strategies for the use of experimental data in developing and testing parameterization schemes of the evaporation flux in GCM's. The book reviews state-of-the-art techniques, such as remote sensing, which measure evaporation fluxes over continental surfaces. It evaluates their relevance with respect to the various spatial and temporal scales of interest. This book will provide researchers in climatology, meteorology, hydrology and water management, and remote sensing with a thorough overview of current research in land surface evaporation. It will also give young scientists insight into surface processes.
Land Surface Processes In Atmospheric General Circulation Models
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Author : P. S. Eagleson
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2011-02-17
Land Surface Processes In Atmospheric General Circulation Models written by P. S. Eagleson and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-02-17 with Science categories.
This 1982 book consists of papers presented at the World Climate Research Programme study conference on land surface processes held in Greenbelt, Maryland from 5 to 10 January 1981. The papers cover the following: the state of knowledge of the sensitivity of atmospheric general circulation models on hydrology and other land surface processes: assessment of the state of knowledge of numerical modelling of hydrology and other land surface processes at the scale of atmospheric general circulation models; recommendations for research activities; establishment of data requirements for initialization, validation, and parameter evaluation. This book will continue to be of interest to atmospheric scientists, soil physicists, hydrologists and climatologists.
Land Surface Atmosphere Interactions For Climate Modeling
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Author : E.F. Wood
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Land Surface Atmosphere Interactions For Climate Modeling written by E.F. Wood and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
It is well known that the interactions between land surfaces and the atmosphere, and the resulting exchanges in water and energy have a tremendous affect on climate. The inadequate representation of land-atmosphere interactions is a major weakness in current climate models, and is providing the motivation for the HAPEX and ISLSCP experiments as well as the proposed Global Energy and Water Experiment (GEWEX) and the Earth Observing System (EOS) mission. The inadequate representation reflects the recognition that the well-known phys ical relationships, which are well described at small scales, result in different relationships when represented at the scales used in climate models. Understanding this transition in the mathematical relationships with increased space-time scales appears to be very difficult, and has led to different approaches; at one extreme, the famous "bucket" model where the land-surface is a simple one layer storage without vegetation; the other extreme may be Seller's Simple Biosphere Model (Sib) where one big leaf covers the climate model grid. Given the heterogeneous nature of landforms, soils and vegetation within a climate model grid, the development of new land surface parameterizations, and their verification through large scale experiments is perceived to be a challenging area of research for the hydrology and meteorology communities. This book evolved from a workshop held at Princeton University to explore the status of land surface parameterizations within climate models, and how observa tional data can be used to assess these parameterizations and improve models.
Linking Climate Change To Land Surface Change
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Author : S.J. McLaren
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-02-24
Linking Climate Change To Land Surface Change written by S.J. McLaren and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-02-24 with Science categories.
Our views and understanding of variations in climate, geomorphological processes and the interrelationships that exist between climatic changes and land surface changes, both now and in the past, have developed greatly over the last decade. This book aims to encapsulate some of these recent advances and focuses on the integration of research that has been conducted by geomorphologists and climatologists on linking climate and land surface changes. This book is divided into two main parts: Section A incorporates research that has concentrated on short-term variations in climate, whilst Section B looks at some of the work on long-term climate variability. The volume concludes with a summary chapter that brings together the various ideas that have been presented in this work and other recent research in this general field. This text will be of interest to upper level students of geomorphology, Quaternary studies, climatology, earth sciences, and environmental studies. It will also be of use to researchers in these fields.
Hydrometeorology
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Author : Christopher G. Collier
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2016-07-22
Hydrometeorology written by Christopher G. Collier and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-22 with Science categories.
Hydrometeorology presents an introduction to relevant topics in the interdisciplinary fields of hydrology and meteorology. This book is one of the few books aiming to provide a balance between aspects of meteorological and hydrological processes. The transfer of energy and water between the land surface and lower atmosphere within the hydrological cycle is addressed followed by a description of the nature of precipitation, and how it is formed. Forecasting precipitation is reviewed on all scales, and the range of rainfall-runoff models and coastal surge models and forecasts (including tsunamis) which have been, and are being, used are discussed. The mechanisms of snow, ice (glacier, sea and tundra), evaporation and transpiration, how drought occurs and the representation of wind are described. How rainfall (including radar measurements) and river flow information is gathered and analysed (including, frequency analysis, Probable Maximum Precipitation and Flood) are presented. Satellite measurements of precipitation are discussed. Examples of major past floods and droughts are given. Past and future climate change, which is included, underpins the importance of hydro-meteorological processes. The structure of the general circulation of the atmosphere and how it influences weather and climate including the Hadley, Ferrel and Polar cells, the Trade winds and the El Nino, is outlined. Finally, the influence of urban areas on rainfall formation, dealing with urban drainage and air quality are described. Each chapter ends with one or two specific points as appendices, elements discussed in the chapter and a list of sample problems to aid understanding. Readership: This book is aimed at 3rd year undergraduate and postgraduate students on hydrology/hydrometeorology, environmental science and geography courses. Professionals in environmental protection agencies and consultancies will also find the book of great interest. It contains a balance of both the physics and mathematics which underpin such courses and activities.
Land Surface Evaporation
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Author : Thomas J. Schmugge
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1991-01-09
Land Surface Evaporation written by Thomas J. Schmugge and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991-01-09 with Science categories.
General circulation model (GCM) experiments in the late 1970's indicated that the climate is sensitive to variations in evaporation at the land surface. Thus, in the context of climate modeling, it became important to develop techniques which would realistically estimate the evaporation flux on land. Land Surface Evaporation: Measurement and Parameterization discusses strategies for the use of experimental data in developing and testing parameterization schemes of the evaporation flux in GCM's. The book reviews state-of-the-art techniques, such as remote sensing, which measure evaporation fluxes over continental surfaces. It evaluates their relevance with respect to the various spatial and temporal scales of interest. This book will provide researchers in climatology, meteorology, hydrology and water management, and remote sensing with a thorough overview of current research in land surface evaporation. It will also give young scientists insight into surface processes.
Climate And The Hydrological Cycle
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Author : Marc F. P. Bierkens
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Climate And The Hydrological Cycle written by Marc F. P. Bierkens and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Climatic changes categories.
An in-depth overview of the role of the hydrological cycle within the climate system, including climate change impacts on hydrological reserves and fluxes, and the controls of terrestrial hydrology on regional and global climatology. Table of contents : 1. The Role of the Hydrological Cycle in the Climate System 2. Evaporation 3. Physics of Evaporation and Atmospheric Boundary Layers Over Land 4. Precipitation Physics and Rainfall Observation 5. Land Surface Hydrology 6. Land Surface Schemes and Climate Models 7. Arctic and Snow Hydrology 8. Dynamics of Glaciers, Ice Sheets and Global Sea Level 9. Feedback Mechanisms : Precipitation and Soil Moisture 10. Feedback Mechanisms : Land Use, Hydrology and Carbon 11. Palaeohydrology : An Introduction 12. Groundwater Palaeohydrology 13. Global Warming and the Acceleration of the Hydrological Cycle 14. Climate Change and Hydrological Impact Studies 15. Remote Sensing for Hydrological Studies
Climate And Land Surface Changes In Hydrology
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Author : Eva Boegh
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Climate And Land Surface Changes In Hydrology written by Eva Boegh and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Climatic changes categories.
Focuses on field-based and modelling studies addressing the sensitivity of hydrological and hydrometeorological fluxes of the coupled landatmosphere system to climate and land-use change at local, regional and global scales. The volume includes significant model-based studies evaluating methodologies and impacts of using climate and weather prediction data including downscaling and uncertainty analyses. Hydrological sensitivity and impacts due to spatial and temporal land-use and land-cover variability are reported for a wide variety of environmental settings. Observational and model-based investigations assess the significance of land cover and hydrological dynamics for the development of land surface heat fluxes and regional climate. Several empirical hydroclimatological studies, some from remote and data-scarce regions, and others using long-term multi-variable time series data or Earth Observations to evaluate temporal and spatial variability in precipitation, evapotranspiration and hydrological predictions, are included. The International Association of Hydrological Sciences is the world's premier member-based organization promoting the study and practice of Hydrology. Our books are authored, edited and produced at the highest level of quality, with the most current and thorough research. Our publications and our work advance the science and the professional practice of Hydrology in a variety of Science and Engineering fields around the world.