Lessons In Trade Policy Reform
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Lessons In Trade Policy Reform
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Author : V. Thomas
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1900
Lessons In Trade Policy Reform written by V. Thomas and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1900 with categories.
Lessons In Trade Policy Reform
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Author : Vinod Thomas
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Lessons In Trade Policy Reform written by Vinod Thomas and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Business & Economics categories.
Trade reform programs have two main objectives. The first is to help raise economic growth and employment generation by improving resource allocation and economywide efficiency. The second is to help improve the balance of payments by strengthening the competitiveness of the external sector and expanding exports and efficient import substitutes. This paper evaluates developing country experience with trade policy reforms and makes recommendations for improving the design and implementaion of those reforms. It assesses the extent and effectiveness of the reforms under adjustment programs in the 1980s, highlighting practical problems and constraints, both economic and politcal. Broadly speaking, it considers three issues: (1) the potential conflicts between trade policy reforms and macroeconomic stabilization efforts; (2) the supply response to trade policy reforms, in the context of export prospects and domestic and external constraints; and (3) the sequencing, timing and duration of import reforms, their relation to internal reforms, and the associated transitional costs. The paper finds that trade policy reform, when implemented well, has contributed to improved economic performance in developing countries. The paper also finds that well-designed trade policy reforms do not conflict with other priorites except in special cases; usually they enhance growth.
Sustaining Trade Reform
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Author : Elías A. Baracat
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2013-07-31
Sustaining Trade Reform written by Elías A. Baracat and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-07-31 with Business & Economics categories.
Factually, the principal finding of this book is that the trade policy reforms introduced by Peru in the 1990s have continued over several changes of president, whereas similar reforms in Argentina have been reversed. In both countries, the reforms included the introduction of new mechanisms for managing trade policy as well as the reduction of restrictions. Throughout the decade beginning in 2000, Peru’s liberalization expanded. The new institutions became more robust, and through them pressures for protection were effectively contained. At the same time, Argentine trade policy returned to the high-protection import substitution regime in place before the 1990s reforms. Multiple restrictions have been imposed, mostly through a reversion to informal methods that abjure the governance characteristics that the 1990s reforms introduced. The difference between the two cases cannot be explained by economic parameters such as resource endowments or external shocks. Peru’s reforms manifest the buoyant and confident attitude toward the global economy that reform leaders were able to introduce into Peruvian politics. In the words of former president Alan García, there is an eagerness to “climb up on the wave of growth.” In comparison, Argentina’s current development strategy sees international trade as detrimental to Argentina’s interests unless participation by Argentine buyers and sellers is guided by government intervention. The Peruvian case provides examples of successfully managing the politics of reform and the technical aspects of policy so as to establish transparent and participatory processes that weigh accurately the impact of trade policy on all affected domestic parties. The Argentine case demonstrates that the World Trade Organization legal system is not an effective restraint on a government that wants to revert to an import substitution regime. International cooperation has been useful when it has recognized and influenced domestic sovereignty over economic regulation; however, it is not been useful when approached as a matter of international regulation of national actions.
Economic Transition And Trade Policy Reform
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Author : Organización de Cooperación y Desarrollo Económico
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Economic Transition And Trade Policy Reform written by Organización de Cooperación y Desarrollo Económico and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with categories.
Trade Reform
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Author : Geoffrey Shepherd
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
Trade Reform written by Geoffrey Shepherd and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Commercial policy categories.
Trade Policy Reform
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Author : UNDP-World Bank Trade Expansion Program
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1998
Trade Policy Reform written by UNDP-World Bank Trade Expansion Program and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Business & Economics categories.
Based on 1995 final of the UNDP/World Bank Trade Expansion Program.
Economic Transition And Trade Policy Reform
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Author : Centre de développement de l'OCDE (Paris)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Economic Transition And Trade Policy Reform written by Centre de développement de l'OCDE (Paris) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with categories.
Trade Policy Reforms Under Adjustment Programs
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Author : World Bank. Operations Evaluation Department
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1992
Trade Policy Reforms Under Adjustment Programs written by World Bank. Operations Evaluation Department and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Business & Economics categories.
This review of the Bank's experience in support of trade policy reform in a selected group of countries is the first study by the World Bank's Operations Evaluation Department to concentrate exclusively on the Bank's operations and related issues in adjustment lending for trade policy reform. The impetus for the study was twofold: the increasing importance trade policy had acquired in the Bank's structural and sectoral adjustment lending over the years, and the view that the Bank had enough experience in this policy area to provide useful lessons for future lending. While the benefits of trade policy adjustment are gaining wider recognition, several concerns persist regarding the policy design and impact of those programs in the adjusting countries. The study addresses these issues in the context of individual country experience with trade reforms in the 1980s. Detailed case studies were prepared for these countries taking into account the initial conditions prevailing in the country, the design and implementation of the programs, their impact, and their sustainability. The study assesses whether trade policy reforms were complemented by other measures, including macroeconomic, industrial, and financial policies, and whether the Bank considered these links in designing trade policy programs. The main goal is to draw lessons from the cross-section of past experience for suggesting improvements in the Bank's approach to productivity-enhancing adjustment programs.
Designing Trade Reform As A Signal To Foreign Investors
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Author : Eric Bond
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1995
Designing Trade Reform As A Signal To Foreign Investors written by Eric Bond and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Commercial policy categories.
Trade Policy Reform In Developing Countries Since 1985
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Author : Judith Myrle Dean
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1994
Trade Policy Reform In Developing Countries Since 1985 written by Judith Myrle Dean and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Business & Economics categories.
"The recent and apparently broad move towards unilateral trade liberalization in the developing world has not been systematically documented, nor has comparative data been compiled. This study investigates the extent and character of trade reform in 32 countries in South Asia, East Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Changes in tariffs, non-tariffs barriers, foreign exchange controls, and export impediments between the mid-1980s and 1992/93 are discussed. Data are presented on changes in the level, range, and dispersion of tariffs, and coverage of quantitative restraints. Similarities and differences both within and between regions are evaluated." -- Website.