Levels Of Explanation
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Levels Of Explanation
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Author : Katie Robertson
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2024-11-30
Levels Of Explanation written by Katie Robertson and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-11-30 with Science categories.
This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. The different sciences furnish us with a wide variety of explanations: some work at macroscopic scales, some work at microscopic scales, and some operate across different levels. How do these different explanatory levels relate to one another, and what is an explanatory level in the first place? Over the last 50 years, more and more philosophers--both reductionists and anti-reductionists--no longer subscribe to the idea that the best explanation resides at the fundamental physical level. New challenges arise from the success of scientific explanations employing multi-level models which mix levels of explanation, from distinctive differences between levels structures in biology, cognitive science, and social science, from the apparently radical reimagining of the explanatory role of spacetime in our current best theories of fundamental physics, and from the enduring mystery of how higher-level explanations are possible in the first place. These questions naturally connect to classic philosophical ways of thinking about the relationships between levels: reduction, emergence, and fundamentality. This volume presents a snapshot of cutting-edge research on explanatory levels, from their conceptual foundations to the details of how they are used in scientific practice.
Introduction To Psychology
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Author : Lionel Nicholas
language : en
Publisher: Juta and Company Ltd
Release Date : 2009-04
Introduction To Psychology written by Lionel Nicholas and has been published by Juta and Company Ltd this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-04 with Psychology categories.
Completely revised and updated, this newly illustrated guide helps both licensed and student nurses apply the latest in psychological research and theory to their everyday lives. Sensation, perception, cognitive processes, and developmental psychology are among the topics discussed. A brief history of the field and new information on HIV and AIDS are also included along with a CD-ROM containing PowerPoint slides for each chapter.
Philosophy Of Psychology
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Author : José Luis Bermúdez
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2005
Philosophy Of Psychology written by José Luis Bermúdez and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Philosophy categories.
Philosophy of Psychology is a well-structured introduction to the nature and mechanisms of cognition and behaviour from one of the leaders in the field.
Theoretical Integration In The Study Of Deviance And Crime
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Author : Steven F. Messner
language : en
Publisher: SUNY Press
Release Date : 1989-01-01
Theoretical Integration In The Study Of Deviance And Crime written by Steven F. Messner and has been published by SUNY Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989-01-01 with Social Science categories.
How to best generate theoretical growth in the contemporary study of deviance and crime has been the source of much debate. This book represents a diverse range of viewpoints concerned about theoretical integration and its benefits. The chapters encompass both discussion of the requisites for integrating theories and examinations of methodological strategies to test these theories. By providing a source for those grappling with the issue of theoretical integration, the book is sure to stimulate further theoretical development in the sociology of deviance and in criminology.
Minding The Brain
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Author : Georg Northoff
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2017-09-09
Minding The Brain written by Georg Northoff and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-09 with Philosophy categories.
Neuroscience has raised many questions for philosophy and its traditional focus on the mind, but what does the emerging field of neurophilosophy teach us about the relationship between mind and brain? How have the new debates transformed our understanding of consciousness, the self and free will? Georg Northoff is a world-leading expert in this exciting area, and in Minding the Brain he provides a comprehensive introduction to non-reductive neurophilosophy, charting the developments of the discipline and applying its ideas to the debates that have captivated philosophers for centuries. Minding the Brain: - Employs extensive pedagogy to help the reader get to grips with complex concepts - Takes a transdisciplinary approach unifying science, psychology and philosophy Unearthing new ways to tackle age-old debates, Minding the Brain is a stimulating text for anyone interested in philosophy, psychology, the cognitive sciences and neuroscience.
Levels Of Reality In Science And Philosophy
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Author : Stavros Ioannidis
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-06-08
Levels Of Reality In Science And Philosophy written by Stavros Ioannidis and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-08 with Science categories.
This book offers a unique perspective on one of the deepest questions about the world we live in: is reality multi-leveled, or can everything be reduced to some fundamental ‘flat’ level? This deep philosophical issue has widespread implications in philosophy, since it is fundamental to how we understand the world and the basic entities in it. Both the notion of ‘levels’ within science and their ontological implications are issues that are underexplored in the philosophical literature. The volume reconsiders the view that reality contains many levels and opens new ways to understand the ontological status of the special sciences. The book focuses on major open questions that arise at the foundations of cognitive science, cognitive psychology, brain science and other special sciences, in particular with respect to the physical foundations of these sciences. For example: Is the mental computational? Do brains compute? How can the special sciences be autonomous from physics, grounded in, or based on, physics and at the same time irreducible to physics? The book is an important read for scientists and philosophers alike. It is of interest to philosophers of science, philosophers of mind and biology interested in the notion of levels, but also to psychologists, cognitive scientists and neuroscientists investigating such issues as the precise relation of the mental to the underlying neural structures and the appropriate approach to study it.
Multilevel Analysis Of Individuals And Cultures
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Author : Fons J.R. van de Vijver
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2015-01-28
Multilevel Analysis Of Individuals And Cultures written by Fons J.R. van de Vijver and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-01-28 with Education categories.
In this book, top specialists address theoretical, methodological, and empirical multilevel models as they relate to the analysis of individual and cultural data. Divided into four parts, the book opens with the basic conceptual and theoretical issues in multilevel research, including the fallacies of such research. Part II describes the methodological aspects of multilevel research, including data-analytic and structural equation modeling techniques. Applications and models from various research areas including control, values, organizational behavior, social beliefs, well-being, personality, response styles, school performance, family, and acculturation, are explored in Part III. This section also deals with validity issues in aggregation models. The book concludes with an overview of the kinds of questions addressed in multilevel models and highlights the theoretical and methodological issues yet to be explored. This book is intended for researchers and advanced students in psychology, sociology, social work, marriage and family therapy, public health, anthropology, education, economics, political science, and cultural and ethnic studies who study the relationship between behavior and culture.
Introduction To Psychology
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Author : Jennifer Walinga
language : en
Publisher: Hasanraza Ansari
Release Date :
Introduction To Psychology written by Jennifer Walinga and has been published by Hasanraza Ansari this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Body, Mind & Spirit categories.
This book is designed to help students organize their thinking about psychology at a conceptual level. The focus on behaviour and empiricism has produced a text that is better organized, has fewer chapters, and is somewhat shorter than many of the leading books. The beginning of each section includes learning objectives; throughout the body of each section are key terms in bold followed by their definitions in italics; key takeaways, and exercises and critical thinking activities end each section.
Epistemology And Cognition
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Author : J.H. Fetzer
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Epistemology And Cognition written by J.H. Fetzer and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Computers categories.
This series will include monographs and collections of studies devoted to the investigation and exploration of knowledge, information, and data-processing systems of all kinds, no matter whether human, (other) animal, or machine. Its scope is intended to span the full range of interest from classical problems in the philosophy of mind and philosophical psychology through issues in cognitive psychology and sociobiology (concerning the mental powers of other species) to ideas related to artificial intelligence and computer science. While primary emphasis will be placed upon theoretical, conceptual, and epistemological aspects of these problems and domains, empirical, experimen tal, and methodological studies will also appear from time to time. The present volume reflects the kind of insights that can be obtained when research workers in philosophy, artificial intelligence, and computer science explore problems of common concern. The issues here tend to fall into two broad but varied sets, namely: those concerned with content and concepts, on the one hand, and those concerned with semantics and epistemology, on the other. The collection begins with a prologue that focuses upon the relations between connectionism and alternative conceptions of nativism and ends with an epilogue that examines the significance of alternative conceptions of the Frame Problem for artificial intelligence. Because these papers are rich and diverse, they ought to appeal to a wide and heterogeneous audience. J.H.F.
Thinking From Things
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Author : Alison Wylie
language : en
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Release Date : 2002-11-13
Thinking From Things written by Alison Wylie and has been published by Univ of California Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-11-13 with Philosophy categories.
"No other work in this field covers the history of important conceptual issues in archaeology in such a deep and knowledgable way, bringing both philosophical and archeological sophistication to bear on all of the issues treated. Wylie’s work in Thinking from Things is original, scholarly, and creative. This book is for anyone who wants to understand contemporary archaeological theory, how it came to be as it is, its relationship with other disciplines, and its prospects for the future."—Merrilee Salmon, author of Philosophy and Archaeology "Wylie is a reasonable and astute thinker who lucidly and persuasively makes genuinely constructive criticisms of archaeological thought and practice and very useful suggestions for how to proceed. She commands both philisophy and archaeology to an unusual degree. Having her articles together in Thinking from Things, with much new material extending and integrating them, is a major contribution that will be widely welcomed among archaeologists—both professionals and students, philosophers and historians of science, and social scientists."—George L. Cowgill, Arizona State University