Lmf Lexical Markup Framework
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Lmf Lexical Markup Framework
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Author : Gil Francopoulo
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2013-05-06
Lmf Lexical Markup Framework written by Gil Francopoulo and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The community responsible for developing lexicons for Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Machine Readable Dictionaries (MRDs) started their ISO standardization activities in 2003. These activities resulted in the ISO standard – Lexical Markup Framework (LMF). After selecting and defining a common terminology, the LMF team had to identify the common notions shared by all lexicons in order to specify a common skeleton (called the core model) and understand the various requirements coming from different groups of users. The goals of LMF are to provide a common model for the creation and use of lexical resources, to manage the exchange of data between and among these resources, and to enable the merging of a large number of individual electronic resources to form extensive global electronic resources. The various types of individual instantiations of LMF can include monolingual, bilingual or multilingual lexical resources. The same specifications can be used for small and large lexicons, both simple and complex, as well as for both written and spoken lexical representations. The descriptions range from morphology, syntax and computational semantics to computer-assisted translation. The languages covered are not restricted to European languages, but apply to all natural languages. The LMF specification is now a success and numerous lexicon managers currently use LMF in different languages and contexts. This book starts with the historical context of LMF, before providing an overview of the LMF model and the Data Category Registry, which provides a flexible means for applying constants like /grammatical gender/ in a variety of different settings. It then presents concrete applications and experiments on real data, which are important for developers who want to learn about the use of LMF. Contents 1. LMF – Historical Context and Perspectives, Nicoletta Calzolari, Monica Monachini and Claudia Soria. 2. Model Description, Gil Francopoulo and Monte George. 3. LMF and the Data Category Registry: Principles and Application, Menzo Windhouwer and Sue Ellen Wright. 4. Wordnet-LMF: A Standard Representation for Multilingual Wordnets, Piek Vossen, Claudia Soria and Monica Monachini. 5. Prolmf: A Multilingual Dictionary of Proper Names and their Relations, Denis Maurel, Béatrice Bouchou-Markhoff. 6. LMF for Arabic, Aida Khemakhem, Bilel Gargouri, Kais Haddar and Abdelmajid Ben Hamadou. 7. LMF for a Selection of African Languages, Chantal Enguehard and Mathieu Mangeot. 8. LMF and its Implementation in Some Asian Languages, Takenobu Tokunaga, Sophia Y.M. Lee, Virach Sornlertlamvanich, Kiyoaki Shirai, Shu-Kai Hsieh and Chu-Ren Huang. 9. DUELME: Dutch Electronic Lexicon of Multiword Expressions, Jan Odijk. 10. UBY-LMF – Exploring the Boundaries of Language-Independent Lexicon Models, Judith Eckle-Kohler, Iryna Gurevych, Silvana Hartmann, Michael Matuschek and Christian M. Meyer. 11. Conversion of Lexicon-Grammar Tables to LMF: Application to French, Éric Laporte, Elsa Tolone and Matthieu Constant. 12. Collaborative Tools: From Wiktionary to LMF, for Synchronic and Diachronic Language Data, Thierry Declerck, Pirsoka Lendvai and Karlheinz Mörth. 13. LMF Experiments on Format Conversions for Resource Merging: Converters and Problems, Marta Villegas, Muntsa Padró and Núria Bel. 14. LMF as a Foundation for Servicized Lexical Resources, Yoshihiko Hayashi, Monica Monachini, Bora Savas, Claudia Soria and Nicoletta Calzolari. 15. Creating a Serialization of LMF: The Experience of the RELISH Project, Menzo Windhouwer, Justin Petro, Irina Nevskaya, Sebastian Drude, Helen Aristar-Dry and Jost Gippert. 16. Global Atlas: Proper Nouns, From Wikipedia to LMF, Gil Francopoulo, Frédéric Marcoul, David Causse and Grégory Piparo. 17. LMF in U.S. Government Language Resource Management, Monte George. About the Authors Gil Francopoulo works for Tagmatica (www.tagmatica.com), a company specializing in software development in the field of linguistics and documentation in the semantic web, in Paris, France, as well as for Spotter (www.spotter.com), a company specializing in media and social media analytics.
Language Resource Management Lexical Markup Framework Lmf
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Author : British Standards Institute Staff
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1910-06-30
Language Resource Management Lexical Markup Framework Lmf written by British Standards Institute Staff and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1910-06-30 with categories.
Languages, Linguistics, Computer applications, Terminology, Translation (process), Data elements, Data transfer, Data handling, Data processing, Information exchange, Metadata, Data management, Markup
The Routledge Handbook Of Translation And Technology
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Author : Minako O'Hagan
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2019-08-23
The Routledge Handbook Of Translation And Technology written by Minako O'Hagan and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-08-23 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Technology provides a comprehensive and accessible overview of the dynamically evolving relationship between translation and technology. Divided into five parts, with an editor's introduction, this volume presents the perspectives of users of translation technologies, and of researchers concerned with issues arising from the increasing interdependency between translation and technology. The chapters in this Handbook tackle the advent of technologization at both a technical and a philosophical level, based on industry practice and academic research. Containing over 30 authoritative, cutting-edge chapters, this is an essential reference and resource for those studying and researching translation and technology. The volume will also be valuable for translators, computational linguists and developers of translation tools.
Linguistic Modeling Of Information And Markup Languages
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Author : Andreas Witt
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-01-09
Linguistic Modeling Of Information And Markup Languages written by Andreas Witt and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-01-09 with Computers categories.
This book covers recent developments in the field, from multi-layered mark-up and standards to theoretical formalisms to applications. It presents results from international research in text technology, computational linguistics, hypertext modeling and more.
Linked Lexical Knowledge Bases
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Author : Iryna Gurevych
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-06-01
Linked Lexical Knowledge Bases written by Iryna Gurevych and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-01 with Computers categories.
This book conveys the fundamentals of Linked Lexical Knowledge Bases (LLKB) and sheds light on their different aspects from various perspectives, focusing on their construction and use in natural language processing (NLP). It characterizes a wide range of both expert-based and collaboratively constructed lexical knowledge bases. Only basic familiarity with NLP is required and this book has been written for both students and researchers in NLP and related fields who are interested in knowledge-based approaches to language analysis and their applications. Lexical Knowledge Bases (LKBs) are indispensable in many areas of natural language processing, as they encode human knowledge of language in machine readable form, and as such, they are required as a reference when machines attempt to interpret natural language in accordance with human perception. In recent years, numerous research efforts have led to the insight that to make the best use of available knowledge, the orchestrated exploitation of different LKBs is necessary. This allows us to not only extend the range of covered words and senses, but also gives us the opportunity to obtain a richer knowledge representation when a particular meaning of a word is covered in more than one resource. Examples where such an orchestrated usage of LKBs proved beneficial include word sense disambiguation, semantic role labeling, semantic parsing, and text classification. This book presents different kinds of automatic, manual, and collaborative linkings between LKBs. A special chapter is devoted to the linking algorithms employing text-based, graph-based, and joint modeling methods. Following this, it presents a set of higher-level NLP tasks and algorithms, effectively utilizing the knowledge in LLKBs. Among them, you will find advanced methods, e.g., distant supervision, or continuous vector space models of knowledge bases (KB), that have become widely used at the time of this book's writing. Finally, multilingual applications of LLKB's, such as cross-lingual semantic relatedness and computer-aided translation are discussed, as well as tools and interfaces for exploring LLKBs, followed by conclusions and future research directions.
The Semantic Web Research And Applications
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Author : York Sure
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-05-30
The Semantic Web Research And Applications written by York Sure and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-05-30 with Computers categories.
Invited talks -- Ontology alignment -- Ontology engineering -- Ontology evaluation -- Ontology evolution -- Ontology learning -- Rules and reasoning -- Searching and querying -- Semantic annotation -- Semantic web mining and personalization -- Semantic web services -- Semantic wiki and blogging -- Trust and policies.
Text Speech And Dialogue
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Author : Petr Sojka
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2012-08-08
Text Speech And Dialogue written by Petr Sojka and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-08 with Computers categories.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Text, Speech and Dialogue, TSD 2012, held in Brno, Czech Republic, in September 2012. The 82 papers presented together with 2 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 173 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on corpora and language resources, speech recognition, tagging, classification and parsing of text and speech, speech and spoken language generation, semantic processing of text and speech, integrating applications of text and speech processing, machine translation, automatic dialogue systems, multimodal techniques and modeling.
Human Language Technology Challenges Of The Information Society
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Author : Zygmunt Vetulani
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-09-07
Human Language Technology Challenges Of The Information Society written by Zygmunt Vetulani and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-09-07 with Computers categories.
Half a centuryago not manypeople had realizedthat a new epoch in the history of homo sapiens had just started. The term “Information Society Age” seems an appropriate name for this epoch. Communication was without a doubt a lever of the conquest of the human race over the rest of the animate world. There is little doubt that the human racebegan when our predecessorsstarted to communicate with each other using language.This highly abstractmeans of communicationwas probably one of the major factors contributing to the evolutionary success of the human race within the animal world. Physically weak and imperfect, humans started to dominate the rest of the world through the creation of communication-based societies where individuals communicated initially to satisfy immediate needs, and then to create, accumulate and process knowledge for future use. The crucial step in the history of humanity was the invention of writing. It is worth noting that writing is a human invention, not a phenomenon resulting from natural evolution. Humans invented writing as a technique for recording speech as well as for storing and facilitating the dissemination of knowledge across the world. Humans continue to be born illiterate, and therefore teaching and conscious supervised learning is necessary to maintain this basic social skill.
Perspectives On Localization
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Author : Keiran J. Dunne
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 2006-01-01
Perspectives On Localization written by Keiran J. Dunne and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Over the past two decades, international trade agreements such as GATT and NAFTA have lowered international trade barriers. At the same time, the information revolution has fueled profound shifts in the ways companies conduct business and communicate with their customers, and worldwide acceptance of the ISO 9000 standard has established the notion that quality must be defined in terms of customer satisfaction. Falling trade barriers and rising quality standards have made linguistic and cultural issues increasingly important. To successfully compete in today's global on-demand economy, companies must localize their products and services to fit the needs of the local market in terms of language, culture, functionality, work practices, as well as legal and regulatory requirements. In recognition of the growing importance of localization, this volume explores a certain number of key issues, including: Return on investment and the localization business case Localization cost drivers and cost-containment strategies Localization quality and customer-focused quality management Challenges posed by localization of games, including Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs) Using a meta-language to facilitate accurate translation of disembodied content The case for managing source-language terminology Terminology management in the localization process Reconciling industry needs and academic objectives in localization education Localization standards and the commoditization of linguistic information The creation and application of language industry standards Rethinking customer-focused localization through user-centered design Moving from translation reuse to language reuse
The Semantic Web Research And Applications
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Author : Lora Aroyo
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-05-25
The Semantic Web Research And Applications written by Lora Aroyo and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-05-25 with Computers categories.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th European Semantic Web Conference, ESWC 2009, held in Heraklion, Crete, Greece, in May/June 2009. The 45 revised full papers of the research track presented together with the abstracts of 4 keynote lectures were carefully reviewed and selected from more than 250 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on applications, evaluation and benchmarking, ontologies and natural language, ontology alignment, ontology engineering, query processing, reasoning, search and identities, semantic Web architectures, semantic Web services, and tagging and annotation. In addition to the technical research track, this book presents 8 contributions to the ESWC 2009 PhD symposium, 24 system demo papers, as well as 8 contributions to the semantic Web in-use track.