Local Control Of Reactive Power By Distributed Photovoltaic Generators
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Local Control Of Reactive Power By Distributed Photovoltaic Generators
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Local Control Of Reactive Power By Distributed Photovoltaic Generators written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
High penetration levels of distributed photovoltaic (PV) generation on an electrical distribution circuit may severely degrade power quality due to voltage sags and swells caused by rapidly varying PV generation during cloud transients coupled with the slow response of existing utility compensation and regulation equipment. Although not permitted under current standards for interconnection of distributed generation, fast-reacting, VAR-capable PV inverters may provide the necessary reactive power injection or consumption to maintain voltage regulation under difficult transient conditions. As side benefit, the control of reactive power injection at each PV inverter provides an opportunity and a new tool for distribution utilities to optimize the performance of distribution circuits, e.g. by minimizing thermal losses. We suggest a local control scheme that dispatches reactive power from each PV inverter based on local instantaneous measurements of the real and reactive components of the consumed power and the real power generated by the PVs. Using one adjustable parameter per circuit, we balance the requirements on power quality and desire to minimize thermal losses. Numerical analysis of two exemplary systems, with comparable total PV generation albeit a different spatial distribution, show how to adjust the optimization parameter depending on the goal. Overall, this local scheme shows excellent performance; it's capable of guaranteeing acceptable power quality and achieving significant saving in thermal losses in various situations even when the renewable generation in excess of the circuit own load, i.e. feeding power back to the higher-level system.
Distributed Control Of Reactive Power Flow In A Radial Distribution Circuit With High Photovoltaic Penetration
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Distributed Control Of Reactive Power Flow In A Radial Distribution Circuit With High Photovoltaic Penetration written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
We show how distributed control of reactive power can serve to regulate voltage and minimize resistive losses in a distribution circuit that includes a significant level of photovoltaic (PV) generation. To demonstrate the technique, we consider a radial distribution circuit with a single branch consisting of sequentially-arranged residential-scale loads that consume both real and reactive power. In parallel, some loads also have PV generation capability. We postulate that the inverters associated with each PV system are also capable of limited reactive power generation or consumption, and we seek to find the optimal dispatch of each inverter's reactive power to both maintain the voltage within an acceptable range and minimize the resistive losses over the entire circuit. We assume the complex impedance of the distribution circuit links and the instantaneous load and PV generation at each load are known. We compare the results of the optimal dispatch with a suboptimal local scheme that does not require any communication. On our model distribution circuit, we illustrate the feasibility of high levels of PV penetration and a significant (20% or higher) reduction in losses.
Electrical Distribution Networks
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Author : Nouredine Hadjsaïd
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2013-01-22
Electrical Distribution Networks written by Nouredine Hadjsaïd and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book describes the fundamental aspects of the new generation of electrical distribution grids, taking as its starting point the opportunities that exist for restructuring existing infrastructure. It emphasizes the incorporation of renewable energy sources into the distribution grid and the need for a technological evolution towards the implementation of smartgrids. The book is organized into two parts: the first part analyzes the integration of distributed energy sources into the distribution grid and the impact of these sources on grid operation. After a general description of the general characteristics of distribution grids and renewable energy sources, it then analyzes the economics of electrical energy distribution networks and presents the impact of these sources on grid operation. The second part of the book then analyzes the various functions which allow for safe operation of the grid and realization of the path towards real world application of smartgrids.
Control Of Solar Photovoltaic Phv Power Generation In Grid Connected And Islanded Microgrids
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Author : Sarina Adhikari
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Control Of Solar Photovoltaic Phv Power Generation In Grid Connected And Islanded Microgrids written by Sarina Adhikari and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Electric power distribution categories.
With the ever increasing electricity demand, fast depletion of fossil fuel and the growing trend towards renewable energy resources, the integration of green distributed energy resources (DERs) such as solar photovoltaic (PhV) generation and wind power in the utility grid is gaining high popularity in the present years. The capability of these modular generators needs to be harnessed properly in order to achieve the maximum benefit out of such integrated systems. Most DERs are connected to the utility grid or microgrids with the help of power electronics interface. They are capable of producing both active and reactive power with the proper control of the inverter interface. This dissertation focuses on examination of the capability of the renewable energy based DERs, such as solar PhV array and battery energy storage system (BESS) in providing voltage support in grid connected low-voltage microgrids and both voltage and frequency support in islanded microgrids. In addition, active and reactive (a.k.a. nonactive) power control capability of the PhV generators to supply the local loads assigned by the microgrid central operator in grid connected mode is also investigated. The control methods are developed by using a Proportional and Integral (PI) controller. A new method of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of solar array including the MPPT at solar PhV array side and a new control method of transferring this MPP power to the inverter side insuring the DC voltage stability by using the concept of power balance at various conversion stages is proposed and studied. The dissertation also proposes a new coordinated control method for voltage and frequency regulation of microgrid with solar PhV generator operating at MPP and backed up by battery energy storage systems. A coordinated active and reactive power control for solar PhV generator with MPPT control and battery storage is also proposed and investigated. Various case studies are presented to validate the proposed methods. The simulation results clearly prove the effectiveness of the proposed control methods
Resiliency Of Power Distribution Systems
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Author : Anurag K. Srivastava
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2023-11-03
Resiliency Of Power Distribution Systems written by Anurag K. Srivastava and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-11-03 with Technology & Engineering categories.
RESILIENCY OF POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS A revolutionary book covering the relevant concepts for resiliency-focused advancements of the distribution power grid Most resiliency and security guidelines for the power industry are focused on power transmission systems. As renewable energy and energy storage increasingly replace fossil-fuel-based power generation over the coming years, geospatially neighboring distributed energy resources will supply a majority of consumers and provide clean power through long transmission lines. These electric power distribution systems—the final stage in the delivery of electric power—carry electricity from the transmission system to individual consumers. New distributed devices will be essential to the grid to manage this variable power generation and enhance reliability and resilience while keeping electricity affordable as the world seeks solutions to climate change and threats from extreme events. In Resiliency of Power Distribution Systems, readers are provided with the tools to understand and enhance resiliency of distribution systems—and thereby, the entire power grid. In a shift from the present design and operation of the power system, the book is focused on improving the grid’s ability to predict, adapt, and respond to all hazards and threats. This, then, acts as a guide to ensure that any incident can be mitigated and responded to promptly and adequately. It also highlights the most advanced and applicable methodologies and architecture frameworks that evaluate degradation, advance proactive action, and transform system behavior to maintain normal operation, under extreme operating conditions. Resiliency of Power Distribution Systems readers will also find: Chapter organization that facilitates quick review of distribution fundamental and easy-but-thorough understanding of the importance of resiliency Real-world case studies where resilient power systems could have prevented massive financial and energy losses Frameworks to help mitigate cyber-physical attacks, strategize response on multiple timescales, and optimize operational efficiencies and priorities for the power grid Resiliency of Power Distribution Systems is a valuable reference for power system professionals including electrical engineers, utility operators, distribution system planners and engineers, and manufacturers, as well as members of the research community, energy market experts and policy makers, and graduate students on electrical engineering courses.
Smart Grids Security And Privacy Issues
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Author : Kianoosh G. Boroojeni
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-10-22
Smart Grids Security And Privacy Issues written by Kianoosh G. Boroojeni and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book provides a thorough treatment of privacy and security issues for researchers in the fields of smart grids, engineering, and computer science. It presents comprehensive insight to understanding the big picture of privacy and security challenges in both physical and information aspects of smart grids. The authors utilize an advanced interdisciplinary approach to address the existing security and privacy issues and propose legitimate countermeasures for each of them in the standpoint of both computing and electrical engineering. The proposed methods are theoretically proofed by mathematical tools and illustrated by real-world examples.
Local Energy
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Author : Janet Wood
language : en
Publisher: IET
Release Date : 2008-07-31
Local Energy written by Janet Wood and has been published by IET this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-07-31 with Technology & Engineering categories.
In future the UK's energy supplies, for both heat and power, will come from much more diverse sources. In many cases this will mean local energy projects serving a local community or even a single house. What technologies are available? Where and at what scale can they be used? How can they work effectively with our existing energy networks? This book explores these power and heat sources, explains the characteristics of each and examines how they can be used.
Smart Cities Green Technologies And Intelligent Transport Systems
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Author : Brian Donnellan
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-07-29
Smart Cities Green Technologies And Intelligent Transport Systems written by Brian Donnellan and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-07-29 with Computers categories.
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems, SMARTGREENS 2018, and the 4th International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems, VEHITS 2018, held in Funchal-Madeira, Portugal in March 2018. The 18 full papers presented during SMARTGREENS 2018 and VEHITS 2018 were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers reflect topics such as smart cities and green ICT systems; vehicle technology and intelligent transport systems.
Essentials Of Distributed Generation Systems
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Author : Gregory W. Massey
language : en
Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning
Release Date : 2010
Essentials Of Distributed Generation Systems written by Gregory W. Massey and has been published by Jones & Bartlett Learning this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Education categories.
Based on one of the hottest topics in the electrical industry, Essentials of Distributed Generation Systems provides a concise overview of the five most prominent distributed generation technologies in the market: solar power, wind power, fuel cells, microturbines, and engine-generators. Logically arranged, the first half of the text examines the strengths and weaknesses of each system, summarizing the components, operations, and limitations users will encounter with the use of these systems. A broader approach is taken in the second half of the book, with the author discussing common factors that affect each of the alternative technologies. With its accessible writing style and easy-to-use format, Essentials of Distributed Generation Systems is an ideal summary of available distributed generation systems and a helpfulon-the-job tool.
Merging Optimization And Control In Power Systems
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Author : Feng Liu
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2022-08-23
Merging Optimization And Control In Power Systems written by Feng Liu and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-08-23 with Science categories.
Merging Optimization and Control in Power Systems A novel exploration of distributed control in power systems with insightful discussions of physical and cyber restrictions In Merging Optimization and Control in Power Systems an accomplished team of engineers deliver a comprehensive introduction to distributed optimal control in power systems. The book re-imagines control design within the framework of cyber-physical systems with restrictions in both the physical and cyber spaces, addressing operational constraints, non-smooth objective functions, rapid power fluctuations caused by renewable generations, partial control coverage, communication delays, and non-identical sampling rates. This book bridges the gap between optimization and control in two ways. First, optimization-based feedback control is explored. The authors describe feedback controllers which automatically drive system states asymptotically to specific, desired optimal working points. Second, the book discusses feedback-based optimization. Leveraging the philosophy of feedback control, the authors envision the online solving of complicated optimization and control problems of power systems to adapt to time-varying environments. Readers will also find: A thorough argument against the traditional and centralized hierarchy of power system control in favor of the merged approach described in the book Comprehensive explorations of the fundamental changes gripping the power system today, including the increasing penetration of renewable and distributed generation, the proliferation of electric vehicles, and increases in load demand Data, tables, illustrations, and case studies covering realistic power systems and experiments In-depth examinations of physical and cyber restrictions, as well as the robustness and adaptability of the proposed model Perfect for postgraduate students and researchers with the prerequisite knowledge of power system analysis, operation, and dynamics, convex optimization theory, and control theory, Merging Optimization and Control in Power Systems is an advanced and timely treatment of distributed optimal controller design.