Local Structure From Diffraction
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Local Structure From Diffraction
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Author : simon Billinge
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1998-06-30
Local Structure From Diffraction written by simon Billinge and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-06-30 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This series of books, which is published at the rate of about one per year, addresses fundamental problems in materials science. The contents cover a broad range of topics from small clusters of atoms to engineering materials and involve chemistry, physics, materials science and engineering, with length scales ranging from Ångstroms up to millimeters. The emphasis is on basic science rather than on applications. Each book focuses on a single area of current interest and brings together leading experts to give an up-to-date discussion of their work and the work of others. Each article contains enough references that the interested reader can access the relevant literature. Thanks are given to the Center for Fundamental Materials Research at Michigan State University for supporting this series. M.F. Thorpe, Series Editor E-mail: thorpe @ pa.msu.edu East Lansing, Michigan PREFACE One of the most challenging problems in the study of structure is to characterize the atomic short-range order in materials. Long-range order can be determined with a high degree of accuracy by analyzing Bragg peak positions and intensities in data from single crystals or powders. However, information about short-range order is contained in the diffuse scattering intensity. This is difficult to analyze because it is low in absolute intensity (though the integrated intensity may be significant) and widely spread in reciprocal space.
Strain And Dislocation Gradients From Diffraction Spatially Resolved Local Structure And Defects
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Author : Rozaliya I Barabash
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2014-04-07
Strain And Dislocation Gradients From Diffraction Spatially Resolved Local Structure And Defects written by Rozaliya I Barabash and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-04-07 with Science categories.
This book highlights emerging diffraction studies of strain and dislocation gradients with mesoscale resolution, which is currently a focus of research at laboratories around the world. While ensemble-average diffraction techniques are mature, grain and subgrain level measurements needed to understand real materials are just emerging. In order to understand the diffraction signature of different defects, it is necessary to understand the distortions created by the defects and the corresponding changes in the reciprocal space of the non-ideal crystals.Starting with a review of defect classifications based on their displacement fields, this book then provides connections between different dislocation arrangements, including geometrically necessary and statistically stored dislocations, and other common defects and the corresponding changes in the reciprocal space and diffraction patterns. Subsequent chapters provide an overview of microdiffraction techniques developed during the last decade to extract information about strain and dislocation gradients. X-ray microdiffraction is a particularly exciting application compared with alternative probes of local crystalline structure, orientation and defect density, because it is inherently non-destructive and penetrating.
Hyperordered Structures In Materials
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Author : Koichi Hayashi
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-10-25
Hyperordered Structures In Materials written by Koichi Hayashi and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-10-25 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book introduces characterizations of hyperordered structures using latest quantum beam technologies, the advanced theoretical methods for understanding the roles of the structures, and the state-of-the-arts materials containing the structures. In this book, the authors focus on the importance of defect complexes to improve functionality of crystals and that of orders of network structures to improve functionality of glass materials. These features can be regarded as interphases between perfect crystals and perfect amorphous, and they are the key factor for the evolution of materials science to a new dimension. The authors call such interphases "hyperordered structures" in this book. This is the first book that comprehensively summarizes glass science, defect science, and quantum beam science. It is valuable not only for active researchers in industry and academia but also graduate students.
International Tables For Crystallography Volume B
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Author : U. Shmueli
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2008-08-25
International Tables For Crystallography Volume B written by U. Shmueli and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-08-25 with Science categories.
International Tables for Crystallography is the definitive resource and reference work for crystallography and structural science. Volume B presents accounts of the numerous aspects of reciprocal space in crystallographic research. This volume is a vital addition to the library of scientists engaged in crystal structure determination, crystallographic computing, crystal physics and other fields of crystallographic research. Graduate students specializing in crystallography will find much material suitable for self-study and a rich source of references to the relevant literature. New to this edition: A new chapter on modern extensions of the Ewald method for Coulomb interactions in crystals. Three new sections on electron diffraction and electron microscopy in structure determination, describing point-group and space-group determination by convergent-beam electron diffraction, three-dimensional reconstruction, and single-particle reconstruction. Substantial revisions to the chapters on space-group representations in reciprocal space, direct methods, Patterson and molecular replacement techniques, and disorder diffuse scattering More information on the series can be found at: http://it.iucr.org
Structural Stability In Physics
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Author : G. Güttinger
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Structural Stability In Physics written by G. Güttinger and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
This volume is the record and product of two International Symposia on the Appli cation of Catastrophe Theory and Topological Concepts in Physics, held in May and December 1978 at the Institute for Information Sciences, University of TUbingen. The May Symposium centered around the conferral of an honorary doctorate upon Professor Rene Thom, Paris, by the Faculty of Physics of the University of TUbingen in recognition of his discovery of universal structure principles and the new di mension he has added to scientific knowledge by his pioneering work on structural stability and morphogenesis. Owing to the broad scope and rapid development of the field, the May Sympos,ium was followed in December by a second one on the same sub jects. The symposia, attended by more than 50 scientists, brought together mathe maticians, physicists, chemists and biologists to exchange ideas about the recent faSCinating impact of topological concepts on the physical sciences, and also to introduce young scientists to the field. The contributions, covering a wide spectrum, are summarized in the subsequent Introduction. The primary support of the Symposia was provided by the "Vereinigung der Freunde der Univertat TUbingen" (Association of the Benefactors of the University). We are particularly indebted to Dr. H. Doerner for his personal engagement and efficient help with the projects, both in his capacity as Secretary of the Association and as Administrative Director of the University.
X Ray Absorption And X Ray Emission Spectroscopy
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Author : Jeroen A. van Bokhoven
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2016-01-08
X Ray Absorption And X Ray Emission Spectroscopy written by Jeroen A. van Bokhoven and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-08 with Science categories.
During the last two decades, remarkable and often spectacular progress has been made in the methodological and instrumental aspects of x–ray absorption and emission spectroscopy. This progress includes considerable technological improvements in the design and production of detectors especially with the development and expansion of large-scale synchrotron reactors All this has resulted in improved analytical performance and new applications, as well as in the perspective of a dramatic enhancement in the potential of x–ray based analysis techniques for the near future. This comprehensive two-volume treatise features articles that explain the phenomena and describe examples of X–ray absorption and emission applications in several fields, including chemistry, biochemistry, catalysis, amorphous and liquid systems, synchrotron radiation, and surface phenomena. Contributors explain the underlying theory, how to set up X–ray absorption experiments, and how to analyze the details of the resulting spectra. X-Ray Absorption and X-ray Emission Spectroscopy: Theory and Applications: Combines the theory, instrumentation and applications of x-ray absorption and emission spectroscopies which offer unique diagnostics to study almost any object in the Universe. Is the go-to reference book in the subject for all researchers across multi-disciplines since intense beams from modern sources have revolutionized x-ray science in recent years Is relevant to students, postdocurates and researchers working on x-rays and related synchrotron sources and applications in materials, physics, medicine, environment/geology, and biomedical materials
Structural Characterization Techniques
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Author : Lorenzo Malavasi
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2016-10-14
Structural Characterization Techniques written by Lorenzo Malavasi and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-14 with Science categories.
This book presents state-of-the-art contributions related to advanced structural characterization techniques in the field of clean energy materials with particular emphasis on solid oxide fuel cells and hydrogen storage materials. It describes several diffraction and spectroscopic techniques for the investigation of both average and local structures with several examples of the most recent materials for clean energy applications. It is the first authoritative collection of contributions on the importance of the application of the most advanced structural techniques to shed light on the properties and mechanisms of materials currently investigated for the use in alternative energy devices. The book provides key techniques for ex situ and in situ investigation of clean energy materials and, hence, is an essential guide for researchers working on the structural analysis of advanced materials.
Structure Of Surfaces Iv The Proceedings Of The 4th International Conference On The Structure Of Surfaces
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Author : X D Xie
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 1994-06-22
Structure Of Surfaces Iv The Proceedings Of The 4th International Conference On The Structure Of Surfaces written by X D Xie and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-06-22 with categories.
The Fourth International Conference on the Structure of Surfaces provides a forum for the report of new results and less the review of the status of surface structure and the relationship between surface and interface structure and physical or chemical properties of interest. Also within the scope of the meeting are novel experimental and theoretical approaches for the determination of surface and interface structures, computer simulation of dynamic processes and new developments in instrumentation.
Advances In Superconductivity Xi
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Author : N. Koshizuka
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-11
Advances In Superconductivity Xi written by N. Koshizuka and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-11 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The 11th International Symposium on Superconductivity was held November 16-19, 1998, in Fukuoka, Japan. Convened annually since 1988, the symposium covers the whole field of superconductivity from fundamental physics and chemistry to new applications. At the 11th Symposium, there was increased interest reported in the development of trial devices using bismuth wires and yttrium-based bulk materials. Among the presentations were those that clearly defined the development targets for next-generation yttrium-based wires and bulk materials and single-flux quantum (SFQ) circuits. Other popular topics were high-temperature superconductivity applications such as SQUIDs, microwave filters, and cryocooler-cooled magnets. With more than 600 participants from 18 countries, the symposium provided an excellent forum for exchanges of the most recent information in the field of superconductivity.
International Tables For Crystallography Volume B
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Author : Uri Shmueli
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-08-27
International Tables For Crystallography Volume B written by Uri Shmueli and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-08-27 with Science categories.
International Tables for Crystallography are no longer available for purchase from Springer. For further information please contact Wiley Inc. (follow the link on the right hand side of this page). Volume B presents accounts of the numerous aspects of reciprocal space in crystallographic research. After an introductory chapter, Part 1 presents the reader with an account of structure-factor formalisms, an extensive treatment of the theory, algorithms and crystallographic applications of Fourier methods, and fundamental as well as advanced treatments of symmetry in reciprocal space. In Part 2, these general accounts are followed by detailed expositions of crystallographic statistics, the theory of direct methods, Patterson techniques, isomorphous replacement and anomalous scattering, and treatments of the role of electron microscopy and diffraction in crystal structure determination, including applications of direct methods to electron crystallography. Part 3 deals with applications of reciprocal space to molecular geometry and `best'-plane calculations, and contains a treatment of the principles of molecular graphics and modelling and their applications. A convergence-acceleration method of importance in the computation of approximate lattice sums is presented and the part concludes with a discussion of the Ewald method. Part 4 contains treatments of various diffuse-scattering phenomena arising from crystal dynamics, disorder and low dimensionality (liquid crystals), and an exposition of the underlying theories and/or experimental evidence. Polymer crystallography and reciprocal-space images of aperiodic crystals are also treated. Part 5 of the volume contains introductory treatments of the theory of the interaction of radiation with matter (dynamical theory) as applied to X-ray, electron and neutron diffraction techniques. The simplified trigonometric expressions for the structure factors in the 230 three-dimensional space groups, which appeared in Volume I of International Tables for X-ray Crystallography, are now given in Appendix 1.4.3 to Chapter 1.4 of this volume. Volume B is a vital addition to the library of scientists engaged in crystal structure determination, crystallographic computing, crystal physics and other fields of crystallographic research. Graduate students specializing in crystallography will find much material suitable for self-study and a rich source of references to the relevant literature.