Low Level Measurements Of Radioactivity In The Environment
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Low Level Measurements Of Radioactivity In The Environment Techniques And Applications Proceedings Of The Third International Summer School
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Author : M Garcia-leon
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 1994-07-27
Low Level Measurements Of Radioactivity In The Environment Techniques And Applications Proceedings Of The Third International Summer School written by M Garcia-leon and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-07-27 with categories.
This book contains the lectures, seminars and abstracts of short communications delivered at the above summer school. The talks are an updated account of the methods used in the detection of radioactivity in nature and in the study of its spread in the environment.
Measurement Of Weak Radioactivity
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Author : P ll Theod¢rsson
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 1996
Measurement Of Weak Radioactivity written by P ll Theod¢rsson and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Science categories.
This book is intended for scientists engaged in the measurement of weak alpha, beta, and gamma active samples; in health physics, environmental control, nuclear geophysics, tracer work, radiocarbon dating etc. It describes the underlying principles of radiation measurement and the detectors used. It also covers the sources of background, analyzes their effect on the detector and discusses economic ways to reduce the background. The most important types of low-level counting systems and the measurement of some of the more important radioisotopes are described here. In cases where more than one type can be used, the selection of the most suitable system is shown.
Low Level Environmental Radioactivity
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Author : Richard Tykva
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1995-04-13
Low Level Environmental Radioactivity written by Richard Tykva and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-04-13 with Science categories.
From the Introduction Low-level radioactivity is related to those radioactive sources of ionizing radiation that are characterized by low activities. Sometimes activity here does not represent total amount of radionuclides but rather their concentration. In other cases, the total activity may be quite high, but we can measure only a relatively small portion of the material. "Low" may have, for different situations and circumstances, not only considerably different meanings but also different absolute values as far as the activity or activity concentration is concerned. For example, one can refer to low activity in the case of radiocarbon dating, where the concentration of 14C is actually lower than its natural concentration, and also in the case of radon monitoring where, especially in mines or in some enclosed spaces, its concentration may be several thousand times higher than the outdoor "atural" concentrations. Emphasis is now being placed on the analysis of naturally occurring radionuclides in the environment or on the release of radionuclides from their different man-made sources because liquid and aerial discharge level controls have become more rigorous. In addition, the applicability of low-level methodology increases the extent of different radionuclide applications considerably. Since individual radionuclides differ in their decay scheme and particles emitted as well in their energies, there is no universal method for the accurate measurement of all radioactive sources. Moreover, there is usually a mixture of radionuclides in a sample, causing some difficulties in a selective evaluation of a given radionuclide. Due to the random nature of radioactive disintegrations, the appropriate interpretation of the experimental results would be, in most cases, impossible without elaborate statistical treatment and evaluation of the data obtained. Thanks to the availability of computer-based instrumentation, the measuring data can be, in most cases, processed and evaluated on-line, which makes it possible to control and optimize the experiment in order to extract the maximum amount of information carried by the detector response. The purpose of this book is to provide an introduction to low-level radioactivity assessment and to clarify the nature of its sources, as well as the principal methods used in its measurement. Our evaluation is concentrated on the present-day aspects of low-level methodology. The book may be useful for all who need highly sensitive analysis of natural or artificial radioactivity both within and outside the nuclear field. The attempt of this book is to summarize the sources of environmental radioactivity and their possible radiological impact in terms of resulting doses to the population, and to present a sound review of the measuring methods and techniques for the evaluation of low-level radioactivities encountered in both the environment and in a number of applications where radioactive sources are used as a means of obtaining important information.
Low Level Measurements Of Man Made Radionuclides In The Environment Proceedings Of The 2nd International Summer School
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Author : M Garcia-leon
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 1991-03-22
Low Level Measurements Of Man Made Radionuclides In The Environment Proceedings Of The 2nd International Summer School written by M Garcia-leon and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991-03-22 with categories.
This volume gives an up-to-date account of the methods used in the detection of artificial radionuclides and their spread in the environment.
Detecting Environmental Radioactivity
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Author : Manuel García-León
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-11-30
Detecting Environmental Radioactivity written by Manuel García-León and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-11-30 with Science categories.
This textbook presents the principles and methods for the measurement of radioactivity in the environment. In this regard, specific low-level radiation counting and spectrometry or mass spectrometry techniques are discussed, including sources, distribution, levels and dynamics of radioactivity in nature. The author gives an accurate description of the fundamental concepts and laws of radioactivity as well as the different types of detectors and mass spectrometers needed for detection. Special attention is paid to scintillators, semiconductor detectors, and gas ionization detectors. In order to explain radiochemistry, some concepts about chemical separations are introduced as well. The book is meant for graduate and advanced undergraduate students in physics, chemistry or engineering oriented to environmental sciences, and to other disciplines where monitoring of the environment and its management is of great interest.
Analysis Of Environmental Radionuclides
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Author : Pavel P. Povinec
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2011-07-28
Analysis Of Environmental Radionuclides written by Pavel P. Povinec and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-07-28 with Medical categories.
The purpose of this book is to present a state of art summary of current knowledge of methods of assessment of radionuclides in the terrestrial and marine environments. It cover the traditional methods of radioactivity measurements such as radiometrics techniques, but also recent developments in the mass spectrometry sector. The book starts with a short preface introducing the subject of the book, summarising content and philosophy of the book, as well as the most important historical achievements. The scientific topics are introduced by description of sampling methods, optimisation of sampling sites and sampling frequency. The recent developments in radiochemical separation methods using chromatography resins for the treatment of actinides, transuranics and other groups of radioelements are also described. No other book is available covering all aspects of environmental radioactivity measurements, although remarkable progress has been made in detection techniques over the last ten years. At present the new methods enable to carry out investigations which were not possible before, either because of lack of sensitivity or because of the fact that they required too large samples.
Radioactive Releases In The Environment
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Author : John R. Cooper
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2003-05-07
Radioactive Releases In The Environment written by John R. Cooper and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-05-07 with Science categories.
This text brings together in one single comprehensive reference, the fundamentals of radioactivity. It uniquely fills the gap in the market, as no other books deal with environmental radioactivity to this degree. * Timely and invaluable as the studies of environmental processes and the awareness of the impact of human activity on our environment are increasing * Links all three main aspects of environmental radioactivity: Principles, Transport and Measurement * Useful to a wide readership - students, lecturers, researchers, companies and environmental consultants
Nuclear Science Abstracts
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1976
Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with Nuclear energy categories.
Journal Of Research Of The National Institute Of Standards And Technology
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Journal Of Research Of The National Institute Of Standards And Technology written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Chemistry categories.
Reports NIST research and development in the physical and engineering sciences in which the Institute is active. These include physics, chemistry, engineering, mathematics, and computer sciences. Emphasis on measurement methodology and the basic technology underlying standardization.
Evaluation Of Guidelines For Exposures To Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1999-01-25
Evaluation Of Guidelines For Exposures To Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-01-25 with Political Science categories.
Naturally occurring radionuclides are found throughout the earth's crust, and they form part of the natural background of radiation to which all humans are exposed. Many human activities-such as mining and milling of ores, extraction of petroleum products, use of groundwater for domestic purposes, and living in houses-alter the natural background of radiation either by moving naturally occurring radionuclides from inaccessible locations to locations where humans are present or by concentrating the radionuclides in the exposure environment. Such alterations of the natural environment can increase, sometimes substantially, radiation exposures of the public. Exposures of the public to naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) that result from human activities that alter the natural environment can be subjected to regulatory control, at least to some degree. The regulation of public exposures to such technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials (TENORM) by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other regulatory and advisory organizations is the subject of this study by the National Research Council's Committee on the Evaluation of EPA Guidelines for Exposures to Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials.