Macroneural Theories In Cognitive Neuroscience
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Macroneural Theories In Cognitive Neuroscience
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Author : William R. Uttal
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2015-07-24
Macroneural Theories In Cognitive Neuroscience written by William R. Uttal and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-07-24 with Medical categories.
In this book, William R. Uttal continues his analysis and critique of theories of mind. This book considers theories that are based on macroneural responses (such as those obtained from fMRI) that represent the averaged or cumulative responses of many neurons. The analysis is carried out with special emphasis on the logical and conceptual difficulties in developing a theory but with special attention to some of the current attempts to go from these cumulative responses to explanations of the grand question of how the mind is generated by the brain. While acknowledging the importance of these macroneural techniques in the study of the anatomy and physiology of the brain, Uttal concludes that this macroneural approach is not likely to produce a valid neural theory of cognition because the critical information—the states of the individual neurons—involved in brain activity becoming mental activity is actually lost in the process of summation. Controversial topics are considered in detail including discussions of empirical, logical, and technological barriers to theory building in cognitive neuroscience.
The Neuron And The Mind
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Author : William R. Uttal
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-07-01
The Neuron And The Mind written by William R. Uttal and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-01 with Psychology categories.
This book, a companion to William R. Uttal’s earlier work on macrotheories theories of mind-brain relationships, reviews another set of theories—those based on microneuronal measurements. Microneural theories maintain the integrity of individual neurons either in isolation or as participants in the great neuronal networks that make up the physical brain. Despite an almost universal acceptance by cognitive neuroscientists that the intangible mind must, in some way, be encoded by network states, Uttal shows that the problem of how the transformation occurs is not yet supported by empirical research findings at the micro as well as at the macro levels of analysis. Theories of the neuronal network survive more as metaphors than as robust explanations. This book also places special emphasis on the technological developments that stimulate these metaphors. A major conclusion drawn in this book is that it is not at all certain that the mind-brain problem is solvable in the sense that many other grand scientific problems are.
History Of Cognitive Neuroscience
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Author : M. R. Bennett
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2012-08-15
History Of Cognitive Neuroscience written by M. R. Bennett and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-15 with Medical categories.
History of Cognitive Neuroscience documents the major neuroscientific experiments and theories over the last century and a half in the domain of cognitive neuroscience, and evaluates the cogency of the conclusions that have been drawn from them. Provides a companion work to the highly acclaimed Philosophical Foundations of Neuroscience - combining scientific detail with philosophical insights Views the evolution of brain science through the lens of its principal figures and experiments Addresses philosophical criticism of Bennett and Hacker's previous book Accompanied by more than 100 illustrations
The Reasoning Brain The Interplay Between Cognitive Neuroscience And Theories Of Reasoning
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Author : Vinod Goel
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2017-04-03
The Reasoning Brain The Interplay Between Cognitive Neuroscience And Theories Of Reasoning written by Vinod Goel and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-03 with Electronic book categories.
Despite the centrality of rationality to our identity as a species (let alone the scientific endeavour), and the fact that it has been studied for several millennia, the present state of our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying logical reasoning remains highly fragmented. For example, a recent review concluded that none of the extant (12!) theories provide an adequate account (Khemlani & Johnson- Laird, 2011), while other authors argue that we are on the brink of a paradigm change, where the old binary logic framework will be washed away and replaced by more modern (and correct) probabilistic and Bayesian approaches (see for example Elqayam & Over, 2012; Oaksford & Chater, 2009; Over, 2009). Over the past 15 years neuroscience brain imaging techniques and patient studies have been used to map out the functional neuroanatomy of reasoning processes. The aim of this research topic is to discuss whether this line of research has facilitated, hindered, or has been largely irrelevant for understanding of reasoning processes. The answer is neither obvious nor uncontroversial. We would like to engage both the cognitive and the neuroscience community in this discussion. Some of the questions of interest are: How have the data generated by the patient and neuroimaging studies: • influenced our thinking about modularity of deductive reasoning • impacted the debate between mental logic theory, mental model theory and the dual mechanism accounts • affected our thinking about dual mechanism theories • informed discussion of the relationship between induction and deduction • illuminated the relationship between language, visual spatial processing and reasoning • affected our thinking about the unity of deductive reasoning processes Have any of the cognitive theories of reasoning helped us explain deficits in certain patient populations? Do certain theories do a better job of this than others? Is there any value to localizing cognitive processes and identifying dissociations (for reasoning and other cognitive processes)? What challenges have neuroimaging data raised for cognitive theories of reasoning? How can cognitive theory inform interpretation of patient data or neuroimaging data? How can patient data or neuroimaging data best inform cognitive theory? This list of questions is not exhaustive. Manuscripts addressing other related questions are welcome. We are interested in hearing from skeptics, agnostics and believers, and welcome original research contributions as well as reviews, methods, hypothesis & theory papers that contribute to the discussion of the current state of our knowledge of how neuroscience is (or is not) helping us to deepen our understanding of the mechanisms underlying logical reasoning processes. References Elqayam, S., & Over, D. E. (2012). Probabilities, beliefs, and dual processing: the paradigm shift in the psychology of reasoning. Mind & Society, 11(1), 27–40. doi:10.1007/s11299-012-0102-4 Khemlani, S. S., & Johnson-Laird, P. N. (2011). Theories of the syllogism: A meta-analysis, (571). Oaksford, M., & Chater, N. (2009). Précis of bayesian rationality: The probabilistic approach to human reasoning. The Behavioral and brain sciences, 32(1), 69–84; discussion 85–120. doi:10.1017/S0140525X09000284 Over, D. E. (2009). New paradigm psychology of reasoning. Thinking & Reasoning, 15(4), 431–438. doi:10.1080/13546780903266188
Cognition
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Author : Stephen K. Reed
language : en
Publisher: Thomson Brooks/Cole
Release Date : 1988
Cognition written by Stephen K. Reed and has been published by Thomson Brooks/Cole this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Psychology categories.
Brings to life topics and theories of cognition and shows the impact of cognitive theories on other fields of psychology. Practical coverage of cognitive neuroscience focuses on how localization of cognitive processes gives insight on function. This fifth edition includes new coverage of neuroscience, plus online cognitive demonstrations at a Web site. Learning features include questions and key terms. A separate study guide contains strategies for increasing comprehension and memory, and outlines of each chapter in the text, along with questions and answers.
Dynamic Thinking
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Author : Gregor Schöner
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2016
Dynamic Thinking written by Gregor Schöner and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Psychology categories.
"This book describes a new theoretical approach--Dynamic Field Theory (DFT)--that explains how people think and act"--
Cognitive Neuroscience
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Author : Michael D. Rugg
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2013-04-15
Cognitive Neuroscience written by Michael D. Rugg and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-15 with Psychology categories.
Providing up-to-date and authoritative coverage of key topics in the new discipline of cognitive neuroscience, this book will be essential reading in cognitive psychology, neuropsychology and neurophysiology. Striking a balance between theoretical and empirical approaches to the question of how cognition is supported by the brain, it presents the major experimental methods employed by cognitive neuroscientists and covers a representative range of the subjects currently exciting interest in the field. The nine chapters of the book have been written by leading authorities in their fields. The individual chapters provide "state-of-the-art" reviews of their respective attempts to build bridges between domains of enquiry that, until quite recently, were largely independent of one another. The chapters include two describing the different methods that are now available for non-invasive measurement of human brain activity; another two that discuss various current theoretical approaches to the problem of how information is coded in the nervous system; and single contributions dealing with the neural mechanisms of long-term memory and of movement, the functional and neural architecture of working memory, the organization of language in the brain, and the relationship between perception and consciousness. Cognitive Neuroscience will appeal to advanced undergraduate and graduate students interested in the relationship between the brain and higher mental functions, as well as to established researchers in cognitive neuroscience and related fields.
The Cognitive Neurosciences Fifth Edition
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Author : Michael S. Gazzaniga
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2014-10-24
The Cognitive Neurosciences Fifth Edition written by Michael S. Gazzaniga and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-24 with Science categories.
The fifth edition of a work that defines the field of cognitive neuroscience, with entirely new material that reflects recent advances in the field. Each edition of this classic reference has proved to be a benchmark in the developing field of cognitive neuroscience. The fifth edition of The Cognitive Neurosciences continues to chart new directions in the study of the biological underpinnings of complex cognition—the relationship between the structural and physiological mechanisms of the nervous system and the psychological reality of the mind. It offers entirely new material, reflecting recent advances in the field. Many of the developments in cognitive neuroscience have been shaped by the introduction of novel tools and methodologies, and a new section is devoted to methods that promise to guide the field into the future—from sophisticated models of causality in brain function to the application of network theory to massive data sets. Another new section treats neuroscience and society, considering some of the moral and political quandaries posed by current neuroscientific methods. Other sections describe, among other things, new research that draws on developmental imaging to study the changing structure and function of the brain over the lifespan; progress in establishing increasingly precise models of memory; research that confirms the study of emotion and social cognition as a core area in cognitive neuroscience; and new findings that cast doubt on the so-called neural correlates of consciousness.
Research Methods For Cognitive Neuroscience
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Author : Aaron Newman
language : en
Publisher: SAGE
Release Date : 2019-03-18
Research Methods For Cognitive Neuroscience written by Aaron Newman and has been published by SAGE this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-18 with Psychology categories.
This fresh, new textbook provides a thorough and student-friendly guide to the different techniques used in cognitive neuroscience. Given the breadth of neuroimaging techniques available today, this text is invaluable, serving as an approachable text for students, researchers, and writers. This text provides the right level of detail for those who wish to understand the basics of neuroimaging and also provides more advanced material in order to learn further about particular techniques. With a conversational, student-friendly writing style, Aaron Newman introduces the key principles of neuroimaging techniques, the relevant theory and the recent changes in the field.
Reliability In Cognitive Neuroscience
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Author : William R. Uttal
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2013
Reliability In Cognitive Neuroscience written by William R. Uttal and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Medical categories.
Cognitive neuroscientists increasingly claim that brain images generated by new brain imaging technologies reflect, correlate, or represent cognitive processes. This book warns against these claims, arguing that, despite its utility in anatomic and physiological applications, brain imaging research has not provided consistent evidence for correlation with cognition. It bases this argument on a review of the empirical literature, pointing to variability in data not only among subjects within individual experiments but also in the meta-analytical approach that pools data from different experiments.