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Measuring Thermal Performance Of Building Envelopes

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Measuring Thermal Performance Of Building Envelopes

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Author : Stephen N. Flanders
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1985

Measuring Thermal Performance Of Building Envelopes written by Stephen N. Flanders and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with Heat engineering categories.

Measuring Thermal Performance Of Building Envelopes

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Author : Stephen N. Flanders
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1985

Nine buildings at Ft. Devens were the object of a study employing heat flux sensors, thermocouples, a computer-controlled data acquisition system and infrared thermography. The purpose was to measure the R-values of those buildings to determine their economic potential for improved insulation. The sample included four frame buildings, two masonry buildings, and three frame buildings with brick facing. The technique for measuring R-values proved repeatable and accurate within 15%. Sampling a small representative sample sufficiently characterizes the entire stock of buildings. Measurement is more important for poorly insulated buildings, since the beginning R-value has a drastic impact on the budget for a cost-effective reinsulation project. At Ft. Devens, installing an external Styrofoam insulation system on concrete block barracks has a savings-to-investment ratio of about 1.4. Additional keywords: Cost analysis; Economic analysis; Heat flow sensors; Life cycle costs; Thermal insulation; Thermal measurement; and Energy conservation.

Thermal Performance Of Buildings Qualitative Detection Of Thermal Irregularities In Building Envelopes Infrared Method

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Author : British Standards Institute Staff
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999-03-15

Thermal Performance Of Buildings Qualitative Detection Of Thermal Irregularities In Building Envelopes Infrared Method written by British Standards Institute Staff and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-03-15 with categories.

Buildings, Thermal insulation, Thermal behaviour of structures, Thermal environment systems, Irregular, Infrared radiation, Detectors, Thermography, Temperature measurement, Thermal design of buildings, Cameras, Test equipment, Performance testing, Pattern recognition, Reports, Testing conditions, Control samples, Defects, Specimen preparation, Heat loss, Heat transfer

Optimization Of The Characterization Of The Thermal Properties Of The Building Envelope

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Author : David Bienvenido-Huertas
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-11-20

Optimization Of The Characterization Of The Thermal Properties Of The Building Envelope written by David Bienvenido-Huertas and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-20 with Architecture categories.

This book is about the optimization of the characterization of the thermal properties of building envelopes, through experimental tests and the use of artificial intelligence. It analyses periodic and stationary thermal properties using measurement approaches based on the heat flow meter method and the thermometric method. These measurements are then analysed using advanced artificial intelligence algorithms. The book is structured in four parts, beginning with a discussion of the importance of thermal properties in the energy performance of buildings. Secondly, theoretical and experimental methods for characterizing thermal properties are analysed. Then, the methodology is developed, and the characteristics and properties of the algorithms used are explored. Finally, the results obtained with the algorithms are analysed and the most appropriate approaches are determined. This book is of interest to researchers, civil and industrial engineers, energy auditors and architects, by providing a resource which improves energy audit tasks in existing buildings.

Building Thermal Envelope

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Author : Jorge de Brito
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2020-03-27

Building Thermal Envelope written by Jorge de Brito and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-27 with Technology & Engineering categories.

This book results from a Special Issue published in Energies, entitled “Building Thermal Envelope". Its intent is to identify emerging research areas within the field of building thermal envelope solutions and contribute to the increased use of more energy-efficient solutions in new and refurbished buildings. Its contents are organized in the following sections: Building envelope materials and systems envisaging indoor comfort and energy efficiency; Building thermal and energy modelling and simulation; Lab test procedures and methods of field measurement to assess the performance of materials and building solutions; Smart materials and renewable energy in building envelope; Adaptive and intelligent building envelope; and Integrated building envelope technologies for high performance buildings and cities.

Thermal Performance Of Buildings And Building Envelope Systems

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979

Thermal Performance Of Buildings And Building Envelope Systems written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with categories.

A bibliography of published papers describing models, measurement techniques, apparatus, and data for the thermal performance of whole buildings and building envelope systems has been collected (aggregate energy consumption of whole buildings, performance of HVAC equipment, and solar technologies are not included). Summary descriptions of the content of each citation are provided. Measurements on whole buildings or on systems other than walls are sparse. However, new and recently completed measurement facilities are increasing these capabilities. Measurements under dynamic conditions are difficult to accomplish and few reliable data exist. Some analogs have been explored experimentally and analytically. Citations on analytical models are selective and concentrate on methodology that forms the basis of computer programs for whole-building energy analysis. Interesting future directions include new approaches to dynamic measurements, both in the laboratory and in the field, for envelope systems and for whole buildings.

Thermal Performance Of The Exterior Envelopes Of Buildings Iii

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Author : American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers
language : en
Publisher: American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers
Release Date : 1986

Thermal Performance Of The Exterior Envelopes Of Buildings Iii written by American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers and has been published by American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Buildings categories.

Optimization Of The Characterization Of The Thermal Properties Of The Building Envelope

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Author : David Bienvenido-Huertas
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021

Optimization Of The Characterization Of The Thermal Properties Of The Building Envelope written by David Bienvenido-Huertas and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with Building categories.

Quantitative Thermal Performance Assessment Of Building Envelopes Emergent Practices And Infrared Thermography

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Author : Milad Mahmoodzadeh
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022

Quantitative Thermal Performance Assessment Of Building Envelopes Emergent Practices And Infrared Thermography written by Milad Mahmoodzadeh and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.

Since many buildings in Canada were built prior to the advent of national and provincial energy codes and standards, quantifying building envelope thermal performance in existing buildings is an important step in identifying retrofit opportunities. Due to the lack of building codes or standards for existing buildings in Canada, development of a rapid and robust quantitative approach to evaluate and rank buildings for vertical envelope retrofits is required. Hence, this dissertation sought to develop quantitative approaches to evaluate existing building envelope thermal performance in Canada and beyond. Following current professional practices, in Chapter 1, a comprehensive study was conducted on 49 campus buildings at the University of Victoria (UVic) to evaluate potential energy savings from vertical envelope retrofits, and to further validate those savings through more detailed energy models and parametric analyses for a subset of buildings. To this end, the thermal performance of a building envelope was quantified based on its heat loss coefficient (UA), obtained from multiplying its surface area (A) by its thermal transmittance (U-value). Heat loss calculations were used as a metric to inform envelope rehabilitation prioritization, while considering other data such as age and physical condition in parallel. Archetype energy models for selected buildings were used to evaluate the impacts of envelope retrofits on energy and GHG savings. The outcomes of this study allowed the University to weigh the benefits of improved energy performance from envelope retrofits against associated capital cost expenditures. Also, the implemented methodology and studied parameters unveiled a new horizon in evaluating the thermal performance of existing building envelopes in Canada, where a building code for existing buildings has not yet been established. Considering the economic findings of the envelope retrofits studied, it was concluded that in the absence of an existing building energy code, the University would likely require additional incentives, such as higher utility costs, higher carbon taxes, or qualifying for utility incentive programs to justify improving existing building envelope performance on the basis of energy only. The strength of the proposed methodology in Chapter 1 was in its balance of effort and ultimate decision-making utility, where reasonable thermal bridging approximations based on simulation models for existing buildings can yield data accurate enough to inform a ranking exercise on a large breadth of subject buildings. However, since numerical models do not consider degradation of building materials, real moisture content, and errors associated with manufacturing and installation, actual building envelope thermal performance differs from 3D simulation models. To study this limitation, in-situ thermal assessments of building envelopes were performed to quantify their actual thermal performances. To this end, Chapters 2 to 4 of this dissertation attempted to determine the viability of an external infrared thermography (IRT) survey technique for quantification of heat losses through the opaque building envelope, and also explores its potential application in identifying and comparing sources of air leakage. The experiments were performed on wood-framed wall assemblies commonly used in Canada due to growing interest among designers, builders, and governments to encourage the use of wood as a building material. In these studies, (Chapter 2 to Chapter 4), thermal transmittances (U-values) of wall assemblies were estimated with external IRT and compared with 3D computer simulations. Furthermore, the impact of the accuracy of U-values estimated with IRT on the deviation of energy simulation outputs with metered data was examined. Finally, a novel relative quantitative infrared index (IRI) was proposed as a means to facilitate rapid evaluation and subsequent ranking of building envelope thermal performance. From the experiments in Chapters 2 & 3, it was found that the U-values obtained with IRT were comparable with simulated values suggesting IRT can be a reliable tool for estimating the thermal performance of wood-framed wall assemblies. Results also demonstrated that thermal imaging artefacts including nonlinear characteristics of infrared (IR) camera focal array, a.k.a. non-uniformity corrections (NUC) and vignetting could have a substantial influence on the accuracy of results, in particular energy model outputs. This limitation was resolved by introducing a practical approach where thermal images were taken from different incident angle. Overall, IRI was found to be a reliable metric for relative quantitative comparison of building envelope thermal performance regardless of boundary conditions. Moreover, outcomes of the IRT air leakage study in Chapter 4 indicated that combined qualitative and quantitative IRT approaches could potentially be implemented by practitioners to identify sources of air leakage and thermal bridges in buildings and compare their relative severity. Since blower door testing is gradually being introduced as a building code requirement to measure building envelope airtightness in an increasing number of Canadian jurisdictions, performing IRT simultaneously is potentially valuable exercise in this context. Ultimately, the methodologies outlined in Chapters 2 to 4 can help decision-makers to characterize building envelope retrofits from a performance perspective, and potentially serve as a basis for governments to develop policies to improve existing building energy performance. The methodologies in Chapters 2 to 4 prompted opportunities to utilize the emergent technology of small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with an infrared camera for quick thermal assessments of building envelopes. The last chapter of this dissertation, Chapter 5, outlines advantages and limitations of aerial IRT (UAV-IRT) surveys compared to conventional stationary IRT. Furthermore, a set of best practices for UAV-IRT were presented to minimize dynamic measurement uncertainty. It was concluded that with the current IR camera technology, aerial surveys for quantitative thermal assessment of building envelope are not as accurate as with conventional infrared thermography; further investigations by manufacturers and researchers are recommended.

Development And Use Of An Apparatus For In Situ Evaluation Of The Thermal Performance Of Building Envelope Components

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Author : David W. Yarbrough
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014

Development And Use Of An Apparatus For In Situ Evaluation Of The Thermal Performance Of Building Envelope Components written by David W. Yarbrough and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with In situ categories.

R values determined in laboratory settings, according to adopted standard methods are reproducible quantities that predict the thermal resistance of various building materials under specified conditions. Insulation materials installed in walls, floors, and ceilings, however, are subject to a wide range of variables, including air and moisture ingress, biological challenges, settling, and other physical changes and temperature variations. Hence, there is a need for accurate in situ thermal measurements to quantify building system thermal resistance under actual environmental conditions. A self-supporting portable instrument that satisfies the requirements of ASTM C1046 has been developed to measure heat flux and R values in situ. The instrument consists of a housing that automatically positions a heat-flux transducer (HFT) on the region to be tested. The heat-flux transducer is a bismuth-telluride Peltier device that generates a voltage that is proportional to the heat flux. A temperature sensor is attached to the heat-flux transducer. A fan circulates air from the surroundings through the instrument housing to ensure that the interior of the housing is in thermal equilibrium with the surroundings. The fan also creates a pressure difference that is sufficient to press the instrument firmly against the surface of a smooth wall or ceiling. A second temperature sensor, located on the opposite side of the building envelope, sends data to the instrument electronically to provide for a calculation of the temperature difference across the test region. A microcomputer receives the heat flux and temperature data needed for R-value calculations. This instrument can be used to evaluate heat flow and thermal resistance for walls, ceilings, floors, and other components that are part of the building envelope. In situ R values and heat-flux data obtained with this instrument will be discussed in this paper.

Measuring Thermal Performance Of Building Envelopes

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