Quantitative Thermal Performance Assessment Of Building Envelopes Emergent Practices And Infrared Thermography
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Quantitative Thermal Performance Assessment Of Building Envelopes Emergent Practices And Infrared Thermography
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Author : Milad Mahmoodzadeh
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Quantitative Thermal Performance Assessment Of Building Envelopes Emergent Practices And Infrared Thermography written by Milad Mahmoodzadeh and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
Since many buildings in Canada were built prior to the advent of national and provincial energy codes and standards, quantifying building envelope thermal performance in existing buildings is an important step in identifying retrofit opportunities. Due to the lack of building codes or standards for existing buildings in Canada, development of a rapid and robust quantitative approach to evaluate and rank buildings for vertical envelope retrofits is required. Hence, this dissertation sought to develop quantitative approaches to evaluate existing building envelope thermal performance in Canada and beyond. Following current professional practices, in Chapter 1, a comprehensive study was conducted on 49 campus buildings at the University of Victoria (UVic) to evaluate potential energy savings from vertical envelope retrofits, and to further validate those savings through more detailed energy models and parametric analyses for a subset of buildings. To this end, the thermal performance of a building envelope was quantified based on its heat loss coefficient (UA), obtained from multiplying its surface area (A) by its thermal transmittance (U-value). Heat loss calculations were used as a metric to inform envelope rehabilitation prioritization, while considering other data such as age and physical condition in parallel. Archetype energy models for selected buildings were used to evaluate the impacts of envelope retrofits on energy and GHG savings. The outcomes of this study allowed the University to weigh the benefits of improved energy performance from envelope retrofits against associated capital cost expenditures. Also, the implemented methodology and studied parameters unveiled a new horizon in evaluating the thermal performance of existing building envelopes in Canada, where a building code for existing buildings has not yet been established. Considering the economic findings of the envelope retrofits studied, it was concluded that in the absence of an existing building energy code, the University would likely require additional incentives, such as higher utility costs, higher carbon taxes, or qualifying for utility incentive programs to justify improving existing building envelope performance on the basis of energy only. The strength of the proposed methodology in Chapter 1 was in its balance of effort and ultimate decision-making utility, where reasonable thermal bridging approximations based on simulation models for existing buildings can yield data accurate enough to inform a ranking exercise on a large breadth of subject buildings. However, since numerical models do not consider degradation of building materials, real moisture content, and errors associated with manufacturing and installation, actual building envelope thermal performance differs from 3D simulation models. To study this limitation, in-situ thermal assessments of building envelopes were performed to quantify their actual thermal performances. To this end, Chapters 2 to 4 of this dissertation attempted to determine the viability of an external infrared thermography (IRT) survey technique for quantification of heat losses through the opaque building envelope, and also explores its potential application in identifying and comparing sources of air leakage. The experiments were performed on wood-framed wall assemblies commonly used in Canada due to growing interest among designers, builders, and governments to encourage the use of wood as a building material. In these studies, (Chapter 2 to Chapter 4), thermal transmittances (U-values) of wall assemblies were estimated with external IRT and compared with 3D computer simulations. Furthermore, the impact of the accuracy of U-values estimated with IRT on the deviation of energy simulation outputs with metered data was examined. Finally, a novel relative quantitative infrared index (IRI) was proposed as a means to facilitate rapid evaluation and subsequent ranking of building envelope thermal performance. From the experiments in Chapters 2 & 3, it was found that the U-values obtained with IRT were comparable with simulated values suggesting IRT can be a reliable tool for estimating the thermal performance of wood-framed wall assemblies. Results also demonstrated that thermal imaging artefacts including nonlinear characteristics of infrared (IR) camera focal array, a.k.a. non-uniformity corrections (NUC) and vignetting could have a substantial influence on the accuracy of results, in particular energy model outputs. This limitation was resolved by introducing a practical approach where thermal images were taken from different incident angle. Overall, IRI was found to be a reliable metric for relative quantitative comparison of building envelope thermal performance regardless of boundary conditions. Moreover, outcomes of the IRT air leakage study in Chapter 4 indicated that combined qualitative and quantitative IRT approaches could potentially be implemented by practitioners to identify sources of air leakage and thermal bridges in buildings and compare their relative severity. Since blower door testing is gradually being introduced as a building code requirement to measure building envelope airtightness in an increasing number of Canadian jurisdictions, performing IRT simultaneously is potentially valuable exercise in this context. Ultimately, the methodologies outlined in Chapters 2 to 4 can help decision-makers to characterize building envelope retrofits from a performance perspective, and potentially serve as a basis for governments to develop policies to improve existing building energy performance. The methodologies in Chapters 2 to 4 prompted opportunities to utilize the emergent technology of small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with an infrared camera for quick thermal assessments of building envelopes. The last chapter of this dissertation, Chapter 5, outlines advantages and limitations of aerial IRT (UAV-IRT) surveys compared to conventional stationary IRT. Furthermore, a set of best practices for UAV-IRT were presented to minimize dynamic measurement uncertainty. It was concluded that with the current IR camera technology, aerial surveys for quantitative thermal assessment of building envelope are not as accurate as with conventional infrared thermography; further investigations by manufacturers and researchers are recommended.
Thermal Performance Of Buildings Qualitative Detection Of Thermal Irregularities In Building Envelopes Infrared Method
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Author : British Standards Institute Staff
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999-03-15
Thermal Performance Of Buildings Qualitative Detection Of Thermal Irregularities In Building Envelopes Infrared Method written by British Standards Institute Staff and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-03-15 with categories.
Buildings, Thermal insulation, Thermal behaviour of structures, Thermal environment systems, Irregular, Infrared radiation, Detectors, Thermography, Temperature measurement, Thermal design of buildings, Cameras, Test equipment, Performance testing, Pattern recognition, Reports, Testing conditions, Control samples, Defects, Specimen preparation, Heat loss, Heat transfer
Assesment Of Effective R Value Of Building Envelope Using Infrared
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Author : Mohammed Abdul Waheed Khan
language : en
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
Release Date : 2015-11-17
Assesment Of Effective R Value Of Building Envelope Using Infrared written by Mohammed Abdul Waheed Khan and has been published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-17 with categories.
Infrared thermography is an important and powerful technique for diagnostics and evaluation of building envelope, in terms of locating thermal bridges, damaged thermal insulation, air leakage, moisture damage, and cracks, all of which contribute to an increase in the energy consumption of the buildings. This is because typically the thermal gains or losses in practice are greater than those estimated during the design stage. Accurate and detailed information of where a problem occurs can reveal the source of the problem thus avoiding extensive renovation work and hence decreasing the cost of repair work and potential energy savings can be achieved. The present study is aimed at assessing the effective R-value of building envelope, using high definition thermal imaging technique.
Measuring Thermal Performance Of Building Envelopes
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Author : Stephen N. Flanders
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1985
Measuring Thermal Performance Of Building Envelopes written by Stephen N. Flanders and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with Heat engineering categories.
New Technologies In Building And Construction
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Author : David Bienvenido-Huertas
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-05-15
New Technologies In Building And Construction written by David Bienvenido-Huertas and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-15 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book presents contributions on new technologies in building and construction. Buildings are complex elements that impact environment significantly. The sustainability of this sector requires a holistic and multidisciplinary approach that allows adequate strategies to be established to reduce its environmental impact. This heterogeneity is represented in these chapters, which have been developed by researchers from different countries. The book is divided into three sections: (i) analysis, (ii) design and modeling, and (iii) solutions. The book chapters together represent an advance in current knowledge about new technologies in building and construction, crucial for researchers, engineers, architects, policy makers, and stakeholders.
Sustainability In Energy And Buildings 2020
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Author : John Littlewood
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-12-07
Sustainability In Energy And Buildings 2020 written by John Littlewood and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-07 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book contains the proceedings of the 12th KES International Conference on Sustainability and Energy in Buildings 2020 (SEB20) held in Split, Croatia, during 24–26 June 2020 organized by KES International. SEB20 invited contributions on a range of topics related to sustainable buildings and explored innovative themes regarding sustainable energy systems. The aim of the conference is to bring together researchers, and government and industry professionals to discuss the future of energy in buildings, neighbourhoods and cities from a theoretical, practical, implementation and simulation perspective. The conference formed an exciting chance to present, interact and learn about the latest research and practical developments on the subject. The conference attracted submissions from around the world. Submissions for the Full-Paper Track were subjected to a blind peer-review process. Only the best of these were selected for presentation at the conference and publication in these proceedings. It is intended that this book provides a useful and informative snapshot of recent research developments in the important and vibrant area of sustainability in energy and buildings.
Development Of Experimental And Numerical Methods For The Evaluation And Optimization Of Building Thermal Envelopes
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Author : Andrew Jordan Holstein
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Development Of Experimental And Numerical Methods For The Evaluation And Optimization Of Building Thermal Envelopes written by Andrew Jordan Holstein and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
With recent emphasis on reducing building energy consumption, tools are needed that can determine the overall performance of building thermal envelopes in a manner that is accurate, efficient, and accessible. Two such methods—one experimental and one numerical—were developed for the evaluation and optimization of building thermal envelopes at the University of Wisconsin- Madison. A Rotatable Guarded Hot Box (RGHB) apparatus was designed and constructed for the large-scale thermal testing of post-frame building envelope designs. In addition to conducting standard thermal performance tests in accordance with ASTM C1363, the apparatus—capable of testing a wall or roof specimen up to 2.9 x 3.8 m—was designed to simulate the effects of air infiltration through the application of a static pressure differential across the test specimen. Utilizing a cable winch system and centralized pivot point, the entire apparatus may be rotated 360 degrees about its horizontal axis to test wall or roof specimens at any orientation. Using this apparatus, the thermal effect of various envelope design changes such as structural component placement and orientation, insulation type and geometry, and the inclusion and placement of air barriers may be studied. This apparatus employs an automated computer control system that acquires and stores temperature, pressure, air speed, and relative humidity data; varies heater and fan output; calculates and records key variables; and determines the completion of experimental objectives. Using this system, it is possible to expedite the conduction of accurate thermal experiments with a minimum of human interaction. The thermal performance of nine post-frame thermal envelopes was studied and optimized using a computational fluid dynamics model validated experimentally by the rotatable guarded hot box. In addition to providing thermal performance values for typical wall designs, this study proposed a new wall design that greatly increased thermal performance without sacrificing material efficiency. Study variables included structural geometry, level of insulation, and the presence and placement of radiant barriers. To reduce computational demand, modeling was primarily conducted using an area-weighted average of two-dimensional slices to represent three-dimensional assemblies. After modeling a portion of the assembly in three dimensions and comparing it with its two-dimensional counterpart, this simplification was found to result in less than a 6.7% error. Significant error (up to 57%); however, was determined to be integral to the simplifying assumptions commonly used by building designers, especially in envelopes common to the agricultural industry. This error was estimated to underpredict energy costs for a 2,200 m2 cold-storage warehouse in Wisconsin by approximately $1,700 a year. The combination of these two distinct methods allows investigation of the effects that a wide array of factors have on the thermal performance of a building envelope. Through the investigation of these individual factors, thermal envelopes as a whole may be optimized for sustainability, based on a balance of the efficient use of energy, material, and labor.
Diagnosis Of Heritage Buildings By Non Destructive Techniques
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Author : Blanca Tejedor Herrán
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2024-04-27
Diagnosis Of Heritage Buildings By Non Destructive Techniques written by Blanca Tejedor Herrán and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-04-27 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Besides their notable historical and cultural significance, heritage buildings crucially contribute to the economy of those countries that rely heavily on the tourism industry. Investigation and monitoring of the origins of deterioration and damage are therefore key to the preservation of architectural heritage. Diagnosis of Heritage Buildings by Non-Destructive Techniques offers an up-to-date overview of state-of-the-art knowledge by collating specialized studies written by an international group of experts in the field, while also examining the value of these non-intrusive methods through a number of real-life case studies which prove NDT techniques’ global relevance. The volume is an invaluable reference resource for students, researchers, and practitioners alike. Helps readers to easily identify the latest advances in non-destructive testing by subdividing the content into sections specific to each assessment approach Explores the integration of different NDT methodologies, facilitating the interoperability of traditional and advanced technologies Presents case studies based on real built heritage to show how to correctly implement the measurement techniques described, and to interpret the results
Infrared Thermography Recent Advances And Future Trends
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Author : Carosena Meola
language : en
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers
Release Date : 2012-08-03
Infrared Thermography Recent Advances And Future Trends written by Carosena Meola and has been published by Bentham Science Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-03 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Infrared thermography (IRT) is a non-contact, non-invasive methodology which allows for detection of thermal energy that is radiated from objects in the infrared band of the electromagnetic spectrum, for conversion of such energy into a visible image (such as a surface temperature map). This feature represents a great potential to be exploited in a vast variety of fields from aerospace to civil engineering, to medicine, to agriculture, etc. However, IRT is still not adequately enclosed in industrial instrumentation and there are still potential users who might benefit from the use of such a technique and who are not aware of their existence. This e-book conveys information about basic IRT theory, infrared detectors, signal digitalization and applications of infrared thermography in many fields such as medicine, foodstuff conservation, fluid-dynamics, architecture, anthropology, condition monitoring, non destructive testing and evaluation of materials and structures. The volume promotes an exchange of information between the academic world and industry, and shares methodologies which were independently developed and applied in specific disciplines.
Infrared Thermography
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Author : Raghu Prakash
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2012-03-14
Infrared Thermography written by Raghu Prakash and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-03-14 with Mathematics categories.
Infrared Thermography (IRT) is commonly as a NDE tool to identify damages and provide remedial action. The fields of application are vast, such as, materials science, life sciences and applied engineering. This book offers a collection of ten chapters with three major sections - relating to application of infrared thermography to study problems in materials science, agriculture, veterinary and sports fields as well as in engineering applications. Both mathematical modeling and experimental aspects of IRT are evenly discussed in this book. It is our sincere hope that the book meets the requirements of researchers in the domain and inspires more researchers to study IRT.