Mechanical Harvest Of Fresh Market Apples

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Mechanical Harvest Of Fresh Market Apples

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Author : Zhao Zhang
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-11-02

Mechanical Harvest Of Fresh Market Apples written by Zhao Zhang and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-02 with Technology & Engineering categories.

This book presents the progress, changes, and evolvement for apple mechanical harvest during the past decades, which include, but not limited to, bulky harvest method, harvest platform, apple infield sorting, and harvest robotics. Though there are significant progresses in apple harvest robotics, there still is a long way ahead before its practical applications, with existing and potential bottlenecks described in this book. Hence, other researchers would take advantage of this book to have a hint of the apple mechanical harvest history and state-of-the-art progress, so that they can find the room for their new research. This book targets senior undergraduates and more importantly graduate students in the field of agricultural engineering, sensing, automatic, and robotics.

Study Of Canopy Machine Interaction In Mass Mechanical Harvest Of Fresh Market Apples

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Author : Xin Zhang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020

Study Of Canopy Machine Interaction In Mass Mechanical Harvest Of Fresh Market Apples written by Xin Zhang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Apples categories.

Fresh-market apple is one of the high-value agricultural produces in the United States and Washington. These apples are harvested manually worldwide, which requires a large seasonal workforce. Due to uncertain availability and rising cost of labor, the need for mechanical harvesting technologies has become critically important. Shake-and-catch harvesting technology has been studied to address this issue. Major challenges for mechanically harvesting fresh-market fruit include insufficient fruit removal, high fruit damage, and low labor productivity. As a way to address these challenges, this study focused on understanding canopy responses to the harvesting system through employing a supervised machine learning algorithm. Specifically, it aimed at identifying the most relevant canopy parameters influencing the fruit removal during mechanical harvesting. Based on the analysis of apples 'harvested' mechanically and those that remained on the trees after harvesting operation, fruit load, branch diameter, and shoot length/diameter were found to be the canopy parameters highly relevant to the success of mechanical harvesting techniques. Field tests, therefore, revealed that the pruning strategies have a remarkable influence on fruit removal efficiency. It was found that, to maintain a minimum removal efficiency of 85%, the shoot length should be less than 15 cm or S-index (the ratio of shoot diameter to length) should be >0.03.This study also included a comprehensive evaluation for comparing different harvesting systems based on multi-year/cultivar field trials. The results showed that the semi-automated system was more effective (fruit removal efficiency of 90%) compared to the hand-held (87%) and the manually operated hydraulic systems (84%). To further advance the automated machine operation, a machine vision (deep learning-based) system was developed for detecting and localizing tree trunks and branches, which achieved an intersection over union (the ratio of overlapping to total area) of 0.69 in trunk/branch detection. Polynomial curves were then employed for fitting the branches/trunks through the detected segments, which was used in estimating shaking locations on those branches. This research served as a basis for optimizing and advancing shake-and-catch harvesting technologies on fresh-market apple harvesting, which is expected to make a huge, positive impact on the long-term economic sustainability of apple industry.

Shake Harvesting Trials With Fresh Market Apples

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Author : A.G. Berlage
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1976

Shake Harvesting Trials With Fresh Market Apples written by A.G. Berlage and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with categories.

The objective of this research was to develop a mechanical harvesting system capable of reducing the number of workers required while maintaining an acceptable level of harvest damage on Red Delicious apples. low profile, self propelled, catching frames were designed and constructed. a fruit handling system was developed with the capability of delivering the shake harvested apples from the catching surface to the field bin with minimal damage. the equipment was field tested on Red and Golden Delicious apple trees located at the Tree Fruit Research Center in Wenatchee, Washington. machine harvest was 3.2 times faster than hand. the fruit catching and handling part of the system did essentially no damage to Red Delicious apples. Red Delicious harvest cullage averaged 14.2%.

A Proposal For The Mechanical Harvesting Of Fruit With Specific Reference To Apples

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Author : Heiti Kotkas
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1966

A Proposal For The Mechanical Harvesting Of Fruit With Specific Reference To Apples written by Heiti Kotkas and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1966 with Apples categories.

Mechanized Harvesting Study For Fresh Market Apples

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Author : A. G. Berlage
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1972

Mechanized Harvesting Study For Fresh Market Apples written by A. G. Berlage and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1972 with Apples categories.

Semi Automated End Effector Concepts For Localized Removal And Catching Of Fresh Market Apples In Fruiting Wall Orchards

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Author : Mark E. De Kleine
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014

Semi Automated End Effector Concepts For Localized Removal And Catching Of Fresh Market Apples In Fruiting Wall Orchards written by Mark E. De Kleine and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.

Mechanizing the fruit removal operation during fresh-market apple harvesting is essential for labor use and cost savings for fruit growers. This study introduces a semi-automated mechanical fruit harvesting system that uses a fruit removal technique based a unique limb shaking mechanism called a Dual Motor Actuator (DMA). A manipulator arm, positioned by a human, held a fruit catchframe and an end-effector. The system was mounted on a mobile orchard platform. The dual motor actuator was developed as an infinitely variable pattern end-effector that applies rhythmic motions to a fruiting limb to remove fruit. The novelty of the DMA design is the use of two eccentrics mounted to electric motors that are pinned together to form a triangle with an adjustable base. Pattern, rhythm, and actuation time, were varied to characterize the removal efficiency and fruit damage rates in a formally trained 'Gala' orchard. Removal efficiency averaged 35% across the fruiting section (limb) but averaged 88% within the actuation zone of the fruiting section, showing potential for a semi-selective harvesting technique to localize fruit removal on branches trained to trellis wires. A circular pattern using a 200 cycles min-1 rhythm achieved the lowest overall damage rate (10%) for any combinations of the patterns and rhythms tested. Bruise rate was also the lowest (4%) using the same pattern and rhythm setting. Rhythm and actuation time were significant factors that influenced the fruit removal condition. No fruit was removed outside of the targeted actuation zone when using a single limb grasper. This localized limb actuation method shows a great potential for removing apples from a limb while maintaining fresh-market quality fruit.

Management And Cost Control Producing Apples For Fresh Market

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Author : Bernard Freeland Stanton
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1964

Management And Cost Control Producing Apples For Fresh Market written by Bernard Freeland Stanton and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1964 with Agriculture categories.

Mechanical Design And Field Evaluation Of A Robotic Apple Harvester

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Author : Joseph Ryan Davidson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016

Mechanical Design And Field Evaluation Of A Robotic Apple Harvester written by Joseph Ryan Davidson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.

Every apple destined for the fresh market is picked by the human hand. Despite substantial research to develop robotic apple harvesters, there are no robotic systems commercially available. The highly unstructured orchard environment has been a major challenge to the development of commercially viable robotic harvesting systems. The absence of mechanical harvesters is a significant concern due to rising production costs and increasing uncertainty about the future availability of manual labor. This dissertation presents the mechanical design of a robotic apple harvester. The overall approach implemented was to advance performance, as measured by speed and harvesting efficiencies, by simplifying the harvesting task. A custom, seven degree-of-freedom manipulator was designed, fabricated, and then integrated with a picking end-effector. The end-effector, which is the only system component that makes contact with the fruit, is an underactuated, passively compliant design that grasps the fruit with a spherical power grasp. The end-effector prototype was extensively analyzed in the lab prior to field testing and shown to be robust to perception error.

Encyclopedia Of Agriculture And Food Systems

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Author : Neal K. Van Alfen
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2014-07-29

Encyclopedia Of Agriculture And Food Systems written by Neal K. Van Alfen and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-29 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems, Second Edition, Five Volume Set addresses important issues by examining topics of global agriculture and food systems that are key to understanding the challenges we face. Questions it addresses include: Will we be able to produce enough food to meet the increasing dietary needs and wants of the additional two billion people expected to inhabit our planet by 2050? Will we be able to meet the need for so much more food while simultaneously reducing adverse environmental effects of today’s agriculture practices? Will we be able to produce the additional food using less land and water than we use now? These are among the most important challenges that face our planet in the coming decades. The broad themes of food systems and people, agriculture and the environment, the science of agriculture, agricultural products, and agricultural production systems are covered in more than 200 separate chapters of this work. The book provides information that serves as the foundation for discussion of the food and environment challenges of the world. An international group of highly respected authors addresses these issues from a global perspective and provides the background, references, and linkages for further exploration of each of topics of this comprehensive work. Addresses important challenges of sustainability and efficiency from a global perspective. Takes a detailed look at the important issues affecting the agricultural and food industries today. Full colour throughout.

Fundamentals Of Agricultural And Field Robotics

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Author : Manoj Karkee
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021

Fundamentals Of Agricultural And Field Robotics written by Manoj Karkee and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with Agricultural engineering categories.

Over the past century, mechanization has been an important means for optimizing resource utilization, improving worker health and safety and reducing labor requirements in farming while increasing productivity and quality of 4F (Food, Fuel, Fiber, Feed). Recognizing this contribution, agricultural mechanization was considered as one of the top ten engineering achievements of 20th century by the National Academy of Engineering. Accordingly farming communities have adopted increasing level of automation and robotics to further improve the precision management of crops (including input resources), increase productivity and reduce farm labor beyond what has been possible with conventional mechanization technologies. It is more important than ever to continue to develop and adopt novel automation and robotic solutions into farming so that some of the most complex agricultural tasks, which require huge amount of seasonal labor such as fruit and vegetable harvesting, could be automated while meeting the rapidly increasing need for 4F. In addition, continual innovation in and adoption of agricultural automation and robotic technologies is essential to minimize the use of depleting resources including water, minerals and other chemicals so that sufficient amount of safe and healthy food can be produced for current generation while not compromising the potential for the future generation. This book aims at presenting the fundamental principles of various aspects of automation and robotics as they relate to production agriculture (the branch of agriculture dealing with farming operations from field preparation to seeding, to harvesting and field logistics). The building blocks of agricultural automation and robotics that are discussed in the book include sensing and machine vision, control, guidance, manipulation and end-effector technologies. The fundamentals and operating principles of these technologies are explained with examples from cutting-edge research and development currently going on around the word. This book brings together scientists, engineers, students and professionals working in these and related technologies to present their latest examples of agricultural automation and robotics research, innovation and development while explaining the fundamentals of the technology. The book, therefore, benefits those who wish to develop novel agricultural engineering solutions and/or to adopt them in the future. .